Arno Schmidt

Arno Schmidt's house in Bargfeld.

Schmidt's grave in the garden of his house in Bargfeld.

Arno Schmidt Foundation

Arno Schmidt (18 January 1914 - 3 June 1979) was a German author and translator.

Biography

Born in Hamburg, son of a police constable, Schmidt moved with his widowed mother to Lauban (in Lusatia, then Lower Silesia, now Polish) and attended the secondary school in Görlitz. He then worked as a clerk in a textile company in Greiffenberg. At the outset of World War II in 1939, Schmidt was drafted into the Wehrmacht. He first served in Alsace and after 1941 in fairly quiet Norway. In 1945, Schmidt volunteered for active duty at the front in Northern Germany in order to be granted a brief home visit, as was the custom. He used that visit to organize a defection from Lusatia westwards for him and his wife, in order to evade capture by the Red Army, which was famed for its abuse of prisoners of war (POW) and German civilians in the east, and gave himself up to British forces in the German province of Lower Saxony.

After an interlude as an English POW and later as an interpreter at a police school, Schmidt started his future life as a freelance writer during the time of wandering that followed the war. Since Schmidt's pre-war home in Lauban was in the part of Germany placed under Polish administration after the war, Schmidt became part of the throng of refugees moved by the authorities from village to village in West Germany. This included stints in Cordingen (in the Bomlitz county of Lower Saxony), Gau-Bickelheim, and Kastel (both in the newly formed province of Rhineland-Palatinate). In Kastel, he was accused in court of blasphemy and moral subversion, which was then still prosecuted in the Catholic parts of West Germany. As a result, Schmidt and his wife moved to the Protestant city of Darmstadt in Hesse, where the suit against him was dismissed. In 1958, the Schmidts moved to the small village of Bargfeld (near Celle) in Lower Saxony, where they were to stay (cf. Martynkewicz 1992).

Writing style and personal philosophy

Schmidt was a strict individualist, almost a solipsist. Disaffected by his experience of the Third Reich, he had an extremely pessimistic world view. In Schwarze Spiegel, he describes his utopia as an empty world after an anthropogenic apocalypse. Although he was a strict atheist, he maintained that the world was created by a monster called Leviathan, whose predatory nature was passed on to humans. Still, he thought this monster could not be too powerful to be attacked, if it behooved humanity.

His writing style is characterized by a unique and witty style of adapting colloquial language, which won him quite a few fervent admirers. Moreover, he developed an orthography by which he thought to reveal the true meaning of words and their connections amongst each other. One of the most cited examples is the use of “Roh=Mann=Tick” instead of “Romantik” (revealing romanticism as the craze of unsubtle men). The atoms of words holding the nuclei of original meaning he called Etyme (etyms).

Zettel's Dream

His theory of etyms is developed in his magnum opus, Zettels Traum, in which an elderly writer comments on Edgar Allan Poe's works in a stream of consciousness, while discussing a Poe translation with a couple of translators and flirting with their teenage daughter. Schmidt also accomplished a translation of Edgar Allan Poe's works himself (1966–73, together with Hans Wollschläger). Some critics even dismissed Zettel's Traum as non-art, or sheer nonsense, and Schmidt himself as a "psychopath." but Schmidt's reputation as eccentric or esoteric, and that of his work as non-art, wad eventually trumped by the recognizing of the fact that he bordered on literary geniality.

Other minor works

In the 1960s, he authored a series of plays for German radio stations presenting forgotten or little known and - in his opinion - vastly underrated authors, as e.g. Johann Gottfried Schnabel, Karl Philipp Moritz, Leopold Schefer, Karl Ferdinand Gutzkow, et al. These "plays" are basically talks about literature with two or three participants plus voices for quotations (Schmidt lent his voice for his translations of Finnegans Wake quoted in Der Triton mit dem Sonnenschirm [1961]). 11 of these so called "Radio-Essays" were republished on 12 audio CDs in the year 2003.

The final years

As none of his works sold more than a few thousand copies, he lived in extreme poverty. During the last few years of his life, Arno Schmidt was financially supported by the philologist and writer Jan Philipp Reemtsma, the heir of the German cigarette manufacturer Philipp F. Reemtsma. After a stroke, Arno Schmidt died in a hospital at Celle. The US entrepreneur and technology writer Dave Winer is a grandnephew of Arno Schmidt.

Posthumous legacy

Dalkey Archive Press will be reissuing their four-volume series of Schmidt's work translated by John E. Woods in April 2011. The series includes Collected Novellas, Collected Stories, Nobodaddy's Children, and Two Novels. The reissues are scheduled to coincide with "Rediscovering Arno Schmidt events in the US, UK, and continental Europe." The Arno Schmidt Foundation (Arno Schmidt Stiftung) in Bargfeld, doted by Jan Philipp Reemtsma, is publishing his complete works.

Bibliography

German

• Leviathan - stories, 1949
• Brand's Haide - novel, 1951
• Schwarze Spiegel - novel, 1951
• Aus dem Leben eines Fauns - novel, 1953
• Die Umsiedler - prose studies, 1953
• Das steinerne Herz - novel, 1954
• Die Gelehrtenrepublik - novel, 1957
• Dya na sore - dialogues, 1958
• Fouqué und einige seiner Zeitgenossen - biography, 1958
• Rosen und Porree - stories, 1959
• KAFF auch Mare Crisium - novel, 1960
• Belphegor - dialogues, 1961
• Sitara und der Weg dorthin - biography, 1963
• Nobodaddy's Kinder - 1963; collects Aus dem Leben eines Fauns, Brand's Haide, Schwarze Spiegel
• Kühe in Halbtrauer - stories, 1964
• Die Ritter vom Geist - dialogues, 1965
• Trommler beim Zaren - stories, 1966
• Seelandschaft mit Pocahontas - stories, 1966
• Der Triton mit den Sonnenschirm - dialogues, 1969
• Zettels Traum - novel, 1970
• Die Schule der Atheisten - novel, 1972
• Abend mit Goldrand - novel, 1975
• Alexander oder, Was ist Wahrheit - stories, 1975
• Krakatau - story, 1975
• Julia, oder die Gemälde - novel (unfinished), 1983

English Translations

• The Egghead Republic - 1979 (Die Gelehrtenrepublik, trans. Michael Horovitz)
• Evening Edged in Gold - 1980 (Abend mit Goldrand, trans. John E. Woods)
• Scenes from the Life of a Faun - 1983 (Aus dem Leben eines Fauns, trans. John E. Woods)
• Collected Early Fiction, 1949-1964, in four volumes (all trans. John E. Woods):
  • Collected Novellas - 1994
  • Nobodaddy's Children - 1995
  • Collected Stories - 1996
  • Two Novels (The Stony Heart & B/Moondocks) - 1997 (Das steinerne Herz & KAFF auch Mare Crisium)
• Radio Dialogs I - 1999 (trans. John E. Woods)
• The School for Atheists - 2001 (Die Schule der Atheisten, trans. John E. Woods)
• Radio Dialogs II - 2003 (trans. John E. Woods)
• Bottom's Dream - forthcoming (Zettels Traum, trans. John E. Woods)

Further reading

• Karl-Heinz Müther: Bibliographie Arno Schmidt 1949–1991, Bielefeld 1992 (in German, continued)
• Wolfgang Martynkewicz: Arno Schmidt. Reinbek 1992. ISBN 3499504847 (in German)
• Marius Fränzel: Dies wundersame Gemisch: Eine Einführung in das erzählerische Werk Arno Schmidts. Kiel (Ludwig) 2002, ISBN 978-3933598547 (in German)
•  »Arno Schmidt? - Allerdings!« 2006 (Marbacher Kataloge) (Arno Schmidt Exhibition, Marbach 2006).
• Robert Weninger: Framing a novelist: Arno Schmidt criticism 1970-1994. Columbia, S.C., Camden House 1995.
• Tony Phelan: Rationalist narrative in some works of Arno Schmidt. Coventry, Univ. of Warwick 1972.

See also

• Eberhard Schlotter
• John E. Woods