Arthur W. Hummel, Jr.
Arthur William Hummel, Jr. (Chinese: 恒安石; Pinyin: Héng Ānshí, birth name Arthur Millbourne Hummel) (June 1, 1920 – February 6, 2001) was a United States diplomat.
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[edit] Early life
He was born in Fenzhou, Shanxi, China, to Christian missionaries Arthur W. Hummel, Sr. (1884 – 1975) and Ruth Bookwalter Hummel. His family moved to Beijing when he was 4. In 1927, when he was 7, the Northern Expedition forced his family to relocate to Massachusetts. When he was 8, his parents moved to Washington, D.C., where is father worked as Chief of the Orientalia Division at the Library of Congress. He attended Antioch College in Yellow Springs, Ohio, earning a B.A in 1940. In the same year, he then returned to Beijing to study at the California College of Chinese Studies. He also taught English at the Catholic University of Peking.
It did not last long, however. He was captured by the Japanese after the Attack on Pearl Harbor, and he was interned at a camp for foreigners in Shandong Province. In 1944, he and a British prisoner escaped and fought alongside the Nationalist guerrillas against the Japanese. After World War II ended, he worked with the United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration, an organization which helped rebuild China along with other countries needing aid after the war. Hummel then attended the University of Chicago, graduating with a Master's degree in International Studies in 1949.
[edit] Career
Arthur Hummel joined the United States Foreign Service in 1950. In 1960, Hummel attended the National War College. He was director of Voice of America from 1961 to 1963. In 1968, he was appointed to the position of United States Ambassador to Burma. He left his post on July 22, 1971, becoming United States Ambassador to Ethiopia from 1975 to 1976. He also was Assistant Secretary of State for East Asian and Pacific Affairs from 1976 to 1977. On June 8, 1977, he was appointed United States Ambassador to Pakistan until 1981 when he became United States Ambassador to China from 1981 to 1985. He then joined the third and final United States-China communiqué as a negotiator where he helped the U.S. reaffirm their ties with the People's Republic of China. During this communiqué, the U.S. declared that it would reduce U.S. arms sales to Taiwan.
[edit] Retirement
After retiring from the U.S. Department of the State, he acted as the director of the Hopkins-Nanjing Center for Chinese and American Studies. Hummel died on February 6, 2001 in his home in Chevy Chase, Maryland at the age of 80.[1]
[edit] Notes
- ^ Lewis, Paul (11 February, 2001). "Arthur Hummel Jr. Dies at 80; Negotiated Taiwan Arms Pact". The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2001/02/11/world/arthur-hummel-jr-dies-at-80-negotiated-taiwan-arms-pact.html. Retrieved 4 July 2009.
[edit] References
- "Arthur W. Hummel, Jr.". Notable Names Database. 2008. http://www.nndb.com/people/835/000121472/. Retrieved 4 July, 2009.
- Flynn, Kathryn (2005). "Arthur W. Hummel Jr.". Pettus Archival Studies. Pettus Archival Project, SES, CGU. http://www.cgu.edu/pages/3225.asp. Retrieved 4 July, 2009.
| Diplomatic posts | ||
|---|---|---|
| Preceded by Henry A. Byroade |
U.S. Ambassador to Burma 1968–1971 |
Succeeded by Edwin W. Martin |
| Preceded by Thomas W. McElhiney |
U.S. Ambassador to Ethiopia 1975–1976 |
Succeeded by Frederic L. Chapin |
| Preceded by Philip Habib |
Assistant Secretary of State for East Asian and Pacific Affairs 1976 |
Succeeded by Richard Holbrooke |
| Preceded by Henry A. Byroade |
U.S. Ambassador to Pakistan 1977–1981 |
Succeeded by Robert I. Spiers |
| Preceded by Leonard Woodcock |
U.S. Ambassador to China 1981–1985 |
Succeeded by Winston Lord |
