Arthur Wynne
Arthur Wynne (June 22, 1871 – January 14,1945) was the British-born inventor of the crossword puzzle.
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[edit] Early life
Arthur Wynne was born on June 22, 1871 in Liverpool, England. He immigrated into the United States on June 6, 1891 at the age of 19.[1]
[edit] Career
Arthur Wynne settled for a time in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, where he worked on the Pittsburgh Press newspaper[2] and played the violin in the Pittsburgh Symphony Orchestra[3]. He later moved to New York City and worked on the New York World newspaper. He is best-known for the invention of the crossword puzzle in 1913, when he was a resident of Cedar Grove, New Jersey.[4].
Wynne created the page of puzzles for the Fun section of the Sunday edition of the New York World. For the December 21, 1913 edition, he introduced a puzzle with a diamond shape and a hollow center, the letters F-U-N already being filled in. He called it a "Word-Cross Puzzle".[5]
Although Wynne's invention was based on earlier puzzle forms, such as the word "diamond", he introduced a number of innovations (e.g. the use of horizontal and vertical lines to create boxes for solvers to enter letters). He subsequently pioneered the use of black squares in a symmetrical arrangement to separate words in rows and columns. With the exception of the numbering scheme, the form of Wynne's "Word-Cross" puzzles is that used for modern crosswords.[5]
A few weeks after the first "Word-Cross" appeared, the name of the puzzle was change to "Cross-Word" as a result of a typesetting error[4]. Wynne's puzzles have been known as "crosswords" ever since.
[edit] Later life and death
Arthur Wynne became a naturalized US citizen in the 1920s[6]. He died in Clearwater, Florida on January 14, 1945.[3]
[edit] References
- ^ Declaration of Intention [to become a naturalized US citizen] dated March 21, 1917, New Jersey State Archives
- ^ Arthur Wynne, o Desconhecido Ilustre
- ^ a b U.P. obituary dated January 15, 1945
- ^ a b Jaegar, Philip Edward (2000). Cedar Grove. Charleston, SC: Arcadia Publishing. ISBN 0-7385-0452-1
- ^ a b Augarde, Tony (2003). The Oxford Guide to Word Games. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-866264-5.
- ^ U.S. Census 1920, 1930
