Atlantic hurricane season
The Atlantic hurricane season is the period in a year when hurricanes usually form in the Atlantic Ocean. Tropical cyclones in the North Atlantic are called hurricanes, tropical storms, or tropical depressions. In addition, there have been several storms over the years that have not been fully tropical which are categorised as subtropical depressions and subtropical storms.
Worldwide, tropical cyclone activity peaks in late summer, when the difference between temperatures aloft and sea surface temperatures is the greatest. However, each particular basin has its own seasonal patterns. On a worldwide scale, May is the least active month, while September is the most active. We also notice that many of the Atlantic hurricanes occur in the famous Bermuda Triangle. [1] In the Northern Atlantic Ocean, a distinct hurricane season occurs from June 1 to November 30, sharply peaking from late August through September;[1] the season's climatological peak of activity occurs around September 10 each season.[2]
Tropical disturbances that reach tropical storm intensity are named from a pre-determined list. On average, 10.1 named storms occur each season, with an average of 5.9 becoming hurricanes and 2.5 becoming major hurricanes (Category 3 or greater). The most active season was 2005, during which 28 tropical cyclones formed, of which a record 15 became hurricanes. The least active season was the 1914, with only one known tropical cyclone developing during that year.[3] The Atlantic hurricane season is a time when most tropical cyclones are expected to develop across the northern Atlantic Ocean. It is currently defined as the time frame from June 1 through November 30, though in the past the season was defined as a shorter time frame. During the season, regular tropical weather outlooks are issued by the National Hurricane Center, and coordination between the Hydrometeorological Prediction Center and National Hurricane Center occurs for systems which have not formed yet, but could develop during the next three to seven days.
Contents |
[edit] Concept
The basic concept of a hurricane season began during 1935,[4] when dedicated wire circuits known as hurricane circuits began to be set up along the Gulf and Atlantic coasts,[5] a process completed by 1955.[6] It was originally the time frame when the tropics were monitored routinely for tropical cyclone activity, and was originally defined as from June 15 through October 31.[7] Over the years, the beginning date was shifted back to June 1, while the end date was shifted to November 15,[5] before settling at November 30 by 1965.[8][9] This was when hurricane reconnaissance planes were sent out to fly across the Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico on a routine basis to look for potential tropical cyclones, in the years prior to the continuous weather satellite era.[7] After regular satellite surveillance began, hurricane hunter aircraft flew only into areas which were spotted first by satellite imagery.[10]
[edit] Operations
During the hurricane season, the National Hurricane Center routinely issues their Tropical Weather Outlook product, which identifies areas of concern within the tropics which could develop into tropical cyclones. If systems occur outside the defined hurricane season, special Tropical Weather Outlooks will be issued.[11] Routine coordination occurs at 1700 UTC each day between the Hydrometeorological Prediction Center and National Hurricane Center to identify systems for the pressure maps three to seven days into the future within the tropics, and points for existing tropical cyclones six to seven days into the future.[12] Possible tropical cyclones are depicted with a closed isobar, while systems with less certainty to develop are depicted as "spot lows" with no isobar surrounding them.
[edit] HURDAT
The North Atlantic hurricane database, or HURDAT, is the database for all tropical storms and hurricanes for the Atlantic Ocean, Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean Sea, including those that have made landfall in the United States. The original database of six-hourly positions and intensities were put together in the 1960s in support of the Apollo space program to help provide statistical track forecast guidance. In the intervening years, this database — which is now freely and easily accessible on the Internet from the National Hurricane Center's (NHC's) Webpage — has been utilized for a wide variety of uses: climatic change studies, seasonal forecasting, risk assessment for county emergency managers, analysis of potential losses for insurance and business interests, intensity forecasting techniques and verification of official and various model predictions of track and intensity.
HURDAT was not designed with all of these uses in mind when it was first put together and not all of them may be appropriate given its original motivation. HURDAT contains numerous systematic as well as some random errors in the database. Additionally, analysis techniques have changed over the years at NHC as their understanding of tropical cyclones has developed, leading to biases in the historical database. Another difficulty in applying the hurricane database to studies concerned with landfalling events is the lack exact location, time and intensity at hurricane landfall.
[edit] Re-analysis Project
HURDAT is regularly updated annually to reflect the previous season's activity. The older portion of the database has been regularly revised since 2001. The first time in 2001 led to the addition of tropical cyclone tracks for the years 1851 to 1885. The second time was August 2002 when Hurricane Andrew was upgraded to a Category 5. Recent efforts into uncovering undocumented historical hurricanes in the late 19th and 20th centuries by various researchers have greatly increased our knowledge of these past events. Possible changes for the years 1930-2011 are not yet incorporated into the HURDAT database. Because of all of these issues, a re-analysis of the Atlantic hurricane database is being attempted that will be completed in three years.
In addition to the groundbreaking work by Partagas, additional analyses, digitization and quality control of the data was carried out by researchers at the NOAA Hurricane Research Division funded by the NOAA Office of Global Programs. This re-analysis will continue to progress through the remainder of the 20th Century.[13]
The National Hurricane Center's Best Track Change Committee had approved changes for the 1851-1930 hurricane seasons, as well as a few recent cyclones, such as Hurricane Andrew. Official changes to the Atlantic hurricane database are approved by the National Hurricane Center Best Track Change Committee. Thus research conducted by Chris Landsea and colleagues as part of the Atlantic hurricane database reanalysis project are submitted through this review process. Not all Landsea's recommendations are accepted by the Committee.
[edit] Pre-1870
| Period | Seasons |
|---|---|
| Pre-19th century | Pre-17th century, 17th century, 18th century, 1780 |
| 1800–1869 | 1800-1809, 1810-1819, 1820-1829, 1830-1839, 1840-1849, 1850-1859, 1851, 1852, 1854, 1860, 1861, 1862-1864, 1865, 1866, 1867, 1868, 1869 |
[edit] 1800s
[edit] 1870s
| Year | Number of tropical storms |
Number of hurricanes |
Number of major hurricanes |
Deaths | Strongest storm |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1870 | 11 | 10 | 2 | 2,052 | Unnamed |
| 1871 | 8 | 6 | 2 | 30 | Unnamed |
| 1872 | 5 | 4 | 0 | Unknown | Unnamed |
| 1873 | 5 | 3 | 2 | 626 | Unnamed |
| 1874 | 7 | 4 | 0 | Unknown | Unnamed |
| 1875 | 6 | 5 | 1 | 800 | Unnamed |
| 1876 | 5 | 4 | 2 | 19 | "San Felipe" |
| 1877 | 8 | 3 | 1 | 34 | Unnamed |
| 1878 | 12 | 10 | 1 | 108 | Unnamed |
| 1879 | 8 | 6 | 2 | 47 | Unnamed |
[edit] 1880s
| Year | Number of tropical storms |
Number of hurricanes |
Number of major hurricanes |
Deaths | Strongest storm |
Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1880 | 11 | 9 | 2 | 133 | Unnamed | |
| 1881 | 7 | 4 | 0 | 700 | Unnamed | |
| 1882 | 6 | 5 | 2 | 6 | Unnamed | |
| 1883 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 236 | Unnamed | |
| 1884 | 4 | 4 | 1 | 8 | Unnamed | |
| 1885 | 8 | 6 | 1 | 25 | Unnamed | |
| 1886 | 12 | 10 | 4 | 200+ | "Indianola" | Seven hurricanes struck the United States, the most during a single year[14] |
| 1887 | 19 | 11 | 2 | 2 | Unnamed | Tied for third most active season on record |
| 1888 | 9 | 6 | 2 | 924 | Unnamed | |
| 1889 | 9 | 6 | 0 | 40 | Unnamed |
[edit] 1890s
| Year | Number of tropical storms |
Number of hurricanes |
Number of major hurricanes |
Deaths | Strongest storm |
Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1890 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 9 | Unnamed | |
| 1891 | 10 | 7 | 1 | 13 | Unnamed | |
| 1892 | 9 | 5 | 0 | 16 | Unnamed | |
| 1893 | 12 | 10 | 5 | 4,028 | Unnamed | Two hurricanes caused more than 2,000 deaths in the United States Four simultaneous hurricanes on August 22, one of two times on record |
| 1894 | 7 | 5 | 4 | 200+ | Unnamed | |
| 1895 | 6 | 2 | 0 | 56 | Unnamed | |
| 1896 | 7 | 6 | 2 | 130 | Unnamed | |
| 1897 | 6 | 3 | 0 | None | Unnamed | |
| 1898 | 11 | 5 | 1 | 562 | Unnamed | |
| 1899 | 9 | 5 | 2 | 3,439 | "San Ciriaco" | The San Ciriaco hurricane was the longest lasting Atlantic hurricane on record |
[edit] 1900s
[edit] 1900-1909
| Year | Number of tropical storms |
Number of hurricanes |
Number of major hurricanes |
Deaths | Damage USD |
Strongest storm |
Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1900 | 7 | 3 | 2 | 8,000+ | $60 million | "Galveston hurricane" | The Galveston hurricane was the deadliest disaster in the United States |
| 1901 | 12 | 5 | 1 | 10 | $1 million | Unnamed | |
| 1902 | 5 | 3 | 0 | None | Unknown | Unnamed | |
| 1903 | 10 | 7 | 1 | 228 | $1.15 million | Unnamed | |
| 1904 | 5 | 3 | 0 | 87 | $1 million | Unnamed | |
| 1905 | 5 | 1 | 1 | 1 | Unknown | Unnamed | |
| 1906 | 11 | 6 | 3 | 367 | $2.48 million | Unnamed | |
| 1907 | 5 | 0 | 0 | None | Unknown | Unnamed | One of two seasons with no recorded hurricanes |
| 1908 | 10 | 6 | 1 | None | Unknown | Unnamed | Includes the only known March tropical cyclone in the basin |
| 1909 | 11 | 6 | 4 | 4,614 | $75 million | "Grand Isle hurricane" |
[edit] 1910s
| Year | Number of tropical storms |
Number of hurricanes |
Number of major hurricanes |
Deaths | Damage USD |
Strongest storm |
Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1910 | 5 | 3 | 1 | 100 | $1.25 million | Unnamed | |
| 1911 | 6 | 3 | 0 | 27 | $3 million | Unnamed | |
| 1912 | 7 | 4 | 1 | 116 | $67,000 | Unnamed | |
| 1913 | 6 | 4 | 0 | 5 | $4 million | Unnamed | |
| 1914 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Unknown | Unnamed | Least active season on record One of two seasons with no recorded hurricanes |
| 1915 | 6 | 5 | 4 | 675 | $63 million | "New Orleans hurricane" | |
| 1916 | 15 | 10 | 5 | 31 | $5.9 million | Unnamed | |
| 1917 | 4 | 4 | 2 | 5 | $170,000 | "Nueva Gerona hurricane" | |
| 1918 | 6 | 4 | 1 | 34 | $5+ million | Unnamed | |
| 1919 | 5 | 2 | 1 | ~900 | $22 million | "Florida Keys" |
[edit] 1920s
| Year | Number of tropical storms |
Number of hurricanes |
Number of major hurricanes |
Deaths | Damage USD |
Strongest storm |
Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1920 | 5 | 4 | 0 | 2 | $15.75 million | Unnamed | |
| 1921 | 7 | 5 | 2 | 6 | $36.5 million | Unnamed | |
| 1922 | 5 | 3 | 1 | Unknown | Unknown | Unnamed | |
| 1923 | 9 | 4 | 1 | 0 | Unknown | Unnamed | |
| 1924 | 11 | 5 | 2 | 150+ | Unknown | "Cuba" | The 1924 Cuba hurricane was the earliest officially classified Category 5 Atlantic hurricane on the Saffir–Simpson Scale |
| 1925 | 4 | 2 | 0 | 59+ | $19.9 million | Unnamed | Includes a hurricane that struck Florida on December 1, the latest United States hurricane landfall |
| 1926 | 11 | 8 | 6 | 1,315+ | $1.4+ billion | "Great Miami Hurricane" | |
| 1927 | 8 | 4 | 1 | 184 | Unknown | "Great Gale of August 24" | |
| 1928 | 6 | 4 | 1 | 4,000+ | $952.5+ million | "Okeechobee hurricane" | "Okeechobee hurricane" was the only recorded hurricane to strike Puerto Rico at Category 5 strength |
| 1929 | 5 | 3 | 1 | 51 | $9.0 million | Unnamed |
[edit] 1930s
| Year | Number of tropical storms |
Number of hurricanes |
Number of major hurricanes |
Deaths | Damage USD |
Strongest storm |
Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1930 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 8,000 | $50 million | "Dominican Republic" | "Dominican Republic" hurricane was the fifth deadliest hurricane on record |
| 1931 | 9 | 2 | 1 | 2,502 | $7.5 million | Unnamed | |
| 1932 | 11 | 6 | 4 | 3,315 | $37 million | Unnamed | |
| 1933 | 21 | 10 | 5 | 651 | $86.6 million | Unnamed | Second most active season on record |
| 1934 | 11 | 6 | 0 | 2,017 | $4.26 million | Unnamed | |
| 1935 | 6 | 5 | 3 | 2,604 | $12.5 million | "Labor Day hurricane" | The 1935 Labor Day hurricane was the most intense United States landfalling tropical cyclone |
| 1936 | 16 | 7 | 1 | 5 | $1.23 million | Unnamed | Tied for fifth most active season on record |
| 1937 | 9 | 3 | 0 | 0 | Unknown | Unnamed | |
| 1938 | 8 | 3 | 1 | ~700 | $290.3 million | "Long Island Express" | |
| 1939 | 5 | 3 | 1 | 5 | Unknown | Unnamed |
[edit] 1940s
| Year | Number of tropical storms |
Number of hurricanes |
Number of major hurricanes |
Deaths | Damage USD |
Strongest storm |
Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1940 | 8 | 4 | 0 | 101 | $4.7 million | Unnamed | |
| 1941 | 6 | 4 | 2 | 63 | $10 million | Unnamed | |
| 1942 | 10 | 4 | 1 | 17 | $30.6 million | Unnamed | |
| 1943 | 10 | 5 | 2 | 19 | $17.2 million | Unnamed | First year of Hurricane Hunters |
| 1944 | 11 | 7 | 3 | 1,153 | $202 million | "Great Atlantic hurricane" | |
| 1945 | 11 | 5 | 3 | 80 | $80 million | Unnamed | |
| 1946 | 6 | 3 | 1 | 5 | $5.2 million | Unnamed | |
| 1947 | 9 | 5 | 2 | 94 | $145.3 million | "Fort Lauderdale hurricane" | |
| 1948 | 9 | 6 | 4 | 94 | $30.9 million | Unnamed | |
| 1949 | 13 | 7 | 2 | 3 | $58.2 million | Unnamed |
[edit] 1950s
| Year | Number of tropical storms |
Number of hurricanes |
Number of major hurricanes |
Deaths | Damage USD |
Strongest storm |
Retired names | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1950 | 13 | 11 | 8 | 20 | $37 million | Dog | None | Record number of major hurricanes First year of Atlantic tropical cyclone naming |
| 1951 | 10 | 8 | 5 | 257 | $80 million | Easy | None | |
| 1952 | 7 | 6 | 3 | 47 | $3.75 million | Fox | None | Includes the only known February tropical cyclone in the basin |
| 1953 | 14 | 6 | 4 | 1 | $6 million | Carol | None | First year of female names for storms |
| 1954 | 11 | 8 | 2 | 1,069 | $752 million | Hazel | Carol, Hazel | Includes Alice, one of only two storms in the basin to span two calendar years |
| 1955 | 12 | 9 | 6 | 1,518 | $1.2 billion | Janet | Connie, Diane, Ione, Janet | |
| 1956 | 9 | 4 | 2 | 76 | $67.8 million | Betsy | None | |
| 1957 | 8 | 3 | 2 | 513 | $152.5 million | Carrie | Audrey | |
| 1958 | 10 | 7 | 5 | 41 | $12 million | Helene | None | |
| 1959 | 11 | 7 | 2 | 59 | $23.3 million | Gracie | Gracie* | Status of Gracie's retirement is unclear |
[edit] 1960s
| Year | Number of tropical storms |
Number of hurricanes |
Number of major hurricanes |
Deaths | Damage USD |
Strongest storm |
Retired names | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1960 | 7 | 4 | 2 | 385 | $410 million | Donna | Donna | |
| 1961 | 11 | 8 | 7 | 345 | $392 million | Hattie | Carla, Hattie | |
| 1962 | 5 | 3 | 1 | 4 | $10 million | Ella | None | |
| 1963 | 9 | 7 | 2 | 7,225 | $589 million | Flora | Flora | Hurricane Flora was the sixth deadliest hurricane on record |
| 1964 | 12 | 6 | 6 | 261 | $605 million | Hilda | Cleo, Dora, Hilda | |
| 1965 | 6 | 4 | 1 | 76 | $1.45 billion | Betsy | Betsy | |
| 1966 | 11 | 7 | 3 | 1,094 | $410 million | Inez | Inez | One named storm de-classified in post-analysis |
| 1967 | 8 | 6 | 1 | 64 | $217 million | Beulah | Beulah | |
| 1968 | 8 | 4 | 0 | 10 | $10 million | Gladys | Edna | The name "Edna" was retired due to the storm in 1954, also includes one subtropical storm |
| 1969 | 18 | 12 | 5 | 364 | $1.7 billion | Camille | Camille | Fourth most active season on record Tied for second most hurricanes in a season on record Includes one subtropical storm |
[edit] 1970s
| Year | Number of tropical storms |
Number of hurricanes |
Number of major hurricanes |
Deaths | Damage USD |
Strongest storm |
Retired names | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1970 | 10 | 5 | 2 | 71 | $454 million | Celia | Celia | |
| 1971 | 13 | 6 | 1 | 45 | $213 million | Edith | None | |
| 1972 | 7 | 3 | 0 | 122 | $2.1 billion | Betty | Agnes | Includes three subtropical storms |
| 1973 | 8 | 4 | 1 | 15 | $18 million | Ellen | None | Includes one subtropical storm |
| 1974 | 11 | 4 | 2 | 8,260+ | $1.97 billion | Carmen | Carmen, Fifi | Includes four subtropical storms Hurricane Fifi was the fourth deadliest hurricane on record |
| 1975 | 9 | 6 | 3 | 80 | $100 million | Gladys | Eloise | Includes one subtropical storm |
| 1976 | 10 | 6 | 2 | 72 | $100 million | Belle | None | Includes two subtropical storms |
| 1977 | 6 | 5 | 1 | 10 | $10 million | Anita | Anita | |
| 1978 | 12 | 5 | 2 | 37 | $45 million | Greta | None | Includes the January tropical cyclone in the Atlantic |
| 1979 | 9 | 5 | 2 | 2,118 | $4.3 billion | David | David, Frederic | First year for alternating male/female names Includes one subtropical storm |
[edit] 1980s
| Year | Number of tropical cyclones |
Number of tropical storms |
Number of hurricanes |
Number of major hurricanes |
Deaths | Damage USD |
Strongest storm |
Retired names | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1980 | 15 | 11 | 9 | 2 | 256 | $1 billion | Allen | Allen | |
| 1981 | 18 | 12 | 7 | 3 | 10 | $45 million | Harvey | None | |
| 1982 | 9 | 7 | 4 | 1 | 141 | $100 million | Debby | None | Includes one subtropical storm |
| 1983 | 7 | 4 | 3 | 1 | 22 | $2.6 billion | Alicia | Alicia | |
| 1984 | 17 | 13 | 5 | 1 | 35 | $66 million | Diana | None | Includes one subtropical storm |
| 1985 | 13 | 11 | 7 | 3 | 241 | $4.5 billion | Gloria | Elena, Gloria | |
| 1986 | 10 | 6 | 4 | 0 | 70 | $57 million | Earl | None | |
| 1987 | 14 | 7 | 3 | 1 | 10 | $73 million | Emily | None | |
| 1988 | 19 | 12 | 5 | 3 | 550 | $7 billion | Gilbert | Gilbert, Joan | Included strongest hurricane on record until 2005 |
| 1989 | 15 | 11 | 7 | 2 | 112 | $10.7 billion | Hugo | Hugo |
[edit] 1990s
| Year | Number of tropical cyclones |
Number of tropical storms |
Number of hurricanes |
Number of major hurricanes |
Deaths | Damage USD |
Strongest storm |
Retired names | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1990 | 16 | 14 | 8 | 1 | 116 | $150 million | Gustav | Diana, Klaus | No tropical storms or hurricanes made landfall in the United States |
| 1991 | 12 | 8 | 4 | 2 | 30 | $2.5 billion | Claudette | Bob | |
| 1992 | 9 | 7 | 4 | 1 | 66 | $26 billion | Andrew | Andrew | Hurricane Andrew is the second-costliest U.S. hurricane Includes one subtropical storm |
| 1993 | 10 | 8 | 4 | 1 | 274 | $271 million | Emily | None | |
| 1994 | 12 | 7 | 3 | 0 | 1,184 | $1.56 billion | Florence | None | |
| 1995 | 21 | 19 | 11 | 5 | 115 | $9.3 billion | Opal | Luis, Marilyn, Opal, Roxanne | Tied for third most active season on record |
| 1996 | 14 | 14 | 10 | 6 | 179 | $3.8 billion | Edouard | Cesar, Fran, Hortense | |
| 1997 | 9 | 8 | 3 | 1 | 11 | $110 million | Erika | None | Includes one subtropical storm |
| 1998 | 14 | 14 | 10 | 3 | 12,000+ | $12.2 billion | Mitch | Georges, Mitch | Four simultaneous hurricanes on September 26, the first time since 1893 Hurricane Mitch was the deadliest hurricane in over 200 years |
| 1999 | 16 | 12 | 8 | 5 | 465 | $5.9 billion | Floyd | Floyd, Lenny | Most Category 4 hurricanes on record |
[edit] 2000s
[edit] 2000-2009
| Year | Number of tropical cyclones |
Number of tropical storms |
Number of hurricanes |
Number of major hurricanes |
Deaths | Damage USD |
Strongest storm |
Retired names | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2000 | 19 | 15 | 8 | 3 | 79 | $1.2 billion | Keith | Keith | Includes one subtropical storm |
| 2001 | 17 | 15 | 9 | 4 | 105 | $7.1 billion | Michelle | Allison, Iris, Michelle | Allison is the only Atlantic tropical system to have its name retired without reaching hurricane strength. |
| 2002 | 14 | 12 | 4 | 2 | 23 | $2.6 billion | Isidore | Isidore, Lili | |
| 2003 | 21 | 16 | 7 | 3 | 92 | $4.4 billion | Isabel | Fabian, Isabel, Juan | Tied for fifth most active season on record |
| 2004 | 17 | 15 | 9 | 6 | 3,100+ | $50 billion | Ivan | Charley, Frances, Ivan, Jeanne | Includes one subtropical storm |
| 2005 | 31 | 28 | 15 | 7 | 2,280+ | $128 billion | Wilma | Dennis, Katrina, Rita, Stan, Wilma | Most active season and costliest on record Includes one subtropical storm Tropical Storm Zeta extended into 2006; first such occurrence since 1954 |
| 2006 | 10 | 10 | 5 | 2 | 14 | $500 million | Gordon/Helene | None | |
| 2007 | 17 | 15 | 6 | 2 | 423 | $3 billion | Dean | Dean, Felix, Noel | Includes one subtropical storm |
| 2008 | 17 | 16 | 8 | 5 | 1,047 | $42 billion | Ike | Gustav, Ike, Paloma | Tied for fifth most active season on record Only year on record in which a major hurricane existed in every month from July through November |
| 2009 | 11 | 9 | 3 | 2 | 6 | $77 million | Bill | None |
[edit] 2010s
| Year | Number of tropical cyclones |
Number of tropical storms |
Number of hurricanes |
Number of major hurricanes |
Deaths | Damage USD |
Strongest storm |
Retired names | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2010 | 21 | 19 | 12 | 5 | 259 | $12.441 billion | Igor | Igor, Tomas | Tied for third most active season on record Tied for second most hurricanes in a season on record Most active season since 2005 |
| 2011 | 20 | 19 | 7 | 4 | 120 | $12.2 billion | Ophelia | TBD Spring 2012 | Tied for third most active season on record Record for first eight storms unable to become hurricanes |
[edit] Number of tropical storms and hurricanes per season
This bar chart shows the number of named storms and hurricanes per year from 1893-2011:
[edit] See also
[edit] Parent topics
[edit] Atlantic hurricane topics
[edit] Other tropical cyclone basins
[edit] References
- ^ a b Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory, Hurricane Research Division. "Frequently Asked Questions: When is hurricane season?". NOAA. http://www.aoml.noaa.gov/hrd/tcfaq/G1.html. Retrieved 2006-07-25.
- ^ McAdie, Colin (May 10, 2007). "Tropical Cyclone Climatology". National Hurricane Center. http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/pastprofile.shtml. Retrieved 2007-06-09.
- ^ NOAA (2007). "Atlantic Hurricane Database". NOAA. http://www.aoml.noaa.gov/hrd/hurdat/Data_Storm.html. Retrieved 2009-02-01.
- ^ Associated Press (1941-06-15). "Hurricane Bureau Begins Season's Vigil Tonight". St. Petersburg Times. http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=r8A0AAAAIBAJ&sjid=a00DAAAAIBAJ&pg=7104,1787592&dq=hurricane+season+opened&hl=en. Retrieved 2011-07-09.
- ^ a b Associated Press (1959-06-15). "1959 Hurricane Season Opens Officially Today". Meridian Record. http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=exRIAAAAIBAJ&sjid=owANAAAAIBAJ&pg=1250,4615997&dq=hurricane+season+opened&hl=en. Retrieved 2011-07-09.
- ^ Associated Press (1955-06-15). "Hurricane Season Opens; New England Joins Circuit". The Robesonian. http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=EihAAAAAIBAJ&sjid=vVgMAAAAIBAJ&pg=7094,4148647&dq=hurricane+season+opened&hl=en. Retrieved 2011-07-09.
- ^ a b Associated Press (1960-06-15). "1960 Hurricane Season Open As Planes Prowl". The Evening Independent. http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=0g9QAAAAIBAJ&sjid=dlUDAAAAIBAJ&pg=3556,2273287&dq=hurricane+season+opened&hl=en. Retrieved 2011-07-09.
- ^ Neal Dorst (2010-01-21). "Subject: G1) When is hurricane season ?". National Hurricane Center. http://www.aoml.noaa.gov/hrd/tcfaq/G1.html. Retrieved 2011-07-09.
- ^ Brownsville Herald (1965-06-01). Hurricane Season Officially Opened.
- ^ United Press International (1966-05-30). "Hurricane Season Opens This Week". The News and Courier. http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=32FJAAAAIBAJ&sjid=VQoNAAAAIBAJ&pg=684,6978917&dq=hurricane+season+opened&hl=en. Retrieved 2011-07-09.
- ^ National Hurricane Center (2011). "Atlantic Graphical Tropical Weather Outlook". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/gtwo_atl.shtml. Retrieved 2011-07-09.
- ^ United States Department of Commerce (2006). Assessment: Hurricane Katrina, August 23-31, 2005. Retrieved on 2008-09-03.
- ^ [1] [2]
- ^ Hurricane Research Division (2008). "Chronological List of All Hurricanes which Affected the Continental United States: 1851-2007". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. http://www.aoml.noaa.gov/hrd/hurdat/ushurrlist18512007.txt. Retrieved 2008-03-21.
