Atomic radii of the elements (data page)
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[edit] Atomic radii
Note: All measurements given are in picometers (pm). For more recent data on covalent radii see Covalent radius.
| number | symbol | name | empirical † | Calculated | van der Waals | Covalent (single bond) | Covalent (triple bond) | Metallic |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | H | hydrogen | 25 | 53 | 120 | 38 | no data | |
| 2 | He | helium | no data | 31 | 140 | 32 | no data | |
| 3 | Li | lithium | 145 | 167 | 182 | 134 | no data | 152 |
| 4 | Be | beryllium | 105 | 112 | 153 a | 90 | 85 | 112 |
| 5 | B | boron | 85 | 87 | 192 a | 82 | 73 | |
| 6 | C | carbon | 70 | 67 | 170 | 77 | 60 | |
| 7 | N | nitrogen | 65 | 56 | 155 | 75 | 54 | |
| 8 | O | oxygen | 60 | 48 | 152 | 73 | 53 | |
| 9 | F | fluorine | 50 | 42 | 147 | 71 | 53 | |
| 10 | Ne | neon | no data | 38 | 154 | 69 | no data | |
| 11 | Na | sodium | 180 | 190 | 227 | 154 | no data | 186 |
| 12 | Mg | magnesium | 150 | 145 | 173 | 130 | 127 | 160 |
| 13 | Al | aluminium | 125 | 118 | 184 a | 118 | 111 | 143 |
| 14 | Si | silicon | 110 | 111 | 210 | 111 | 102 | |
| 15 | P | phosphorus | 100 | 98 | 180 | 106 | 94 | |
| 16 | S | sulfur | 100 | 88 | 180 | 102 | 95 | |
| 17 | Cl | chlorine | 100 | 79 | 175 | 99 | 93 | |
| 18 | Ar | argon | 71 | 71 | 188 | 97 | 96 | |
| 19 | K | potassium | 220 | 243 | 275 | 196 | no data | 227 |
| 20 | Ca | calcium | 180 | 194 | 231 a | 174 | 133 | 197 |
| 21 | Sc | scandium | 160 | 184 | 211 a | 144 | 114 | 162 b |
| 22 | Ti | titanium | 140 | 176 | no data | 136 | 108 | 147 |
| 23 | V | vanadium | 135 | 171 | no data | 125 | 106 | 134 b |
| 24 | Cr | chromium | 140 | 166 | no data | 127 | 103 | 128 b |
| 25 | Mn | manganese | 140 | 161 | no data | 139 | 103 | 127 b |
| 26 | Fe | iron | 140 | 156 | no data | 125 | 102 | 126 b |
| 27 | Co | cobalt | 135 | 152 | no data | 126 | 96 | 125 b |
| 28 | Ni | nickel | 135 | 149 | 163 | 121 | 101 | 124 b |
| 29 | Cu | copper | 135 | 145 | 140 | 138 | 120 | 128 b |
| 30 | Zn | zinc | 135 | 142 | 139 | 131 | no data | 134 b |
| 31 | Ga | gallium | 130 | 136 | 187 | 126 | 121 | 135 c |
| 32 | Ge | germanium | 125 | 125 | 211 a | 122 | 114 | |
| 33 | As | arsenic | 115 | 114 | 185 | 119 | 106 | |
| 34 | Se | selenium | 115 | 103 | 190 | 116 | 107 | |
| 35 | Br | bromine | 115 | 94 | 185 | 114 | 110 | |
| 36 | Kr | krypton | no data | 88 | 202 | 110 | 108 | |
| 37 | Rb | rubidium | 235 | 265 | 303 a | 211 | no data | 248 |
| 38 | Sr | strontium | 200 | 219 | 249 a | 192 | 139 | 215 |
| 39 | Y | yttrium | 180 | 212 | no data | 162 | 124 | 180 b |
| 40 | Zr | zirconium | 155 | 206 | no data | 148 | 121 | 160 |
| 41 | Nb | niobium | 145 | 198 | no data | 137 | 116 | 146 b |
| 42 | Mo | molybdenum | 145 | 190 | no data | 145 | 113 | 139 b |
| 43 | Tc | technetium | 135 | 183 | no data | 156 | 110 | 136 b |
| 44 | Ru | ruthenium | 130 | 178 | no data | 126 | 103 | 134 b |
| 45 | Rh | rhodium | 135 | 173 | no data | 135 | 106 | 134 b |
| 46 | Pd | palladium | 140 | 169 | 163 | 131 | 112 | 137 b |
| 47 | Ag | silver | 160 | 165 | 172 | 153 | 137 | 144 b |
| 48 | Cd | cadmium | 155 | 161 | 158 | 148 | no data | 151 b |
| 49 | In | indium | 155 | 156 | 193 | 144 | 146 | 167 |
| 50 | Sn | tin | 145 | 145 | 217 | 141 | 132 | |
| 51 | Sb | antimony | 145 | 133 | 206 a | 138 | 127 | |
| 52 | Te | tellurium | 140 | 123 | 206 | 135 | 121 | |
| 53 | I | iodine | 140 | 115 | 198 | 133 | 125 | |
| 54 | Xe | xenon | no data | 108 | 216 | 130 | 122 | |
| 55 | Cs | caesium | 260 | 298 | 343 a | 225 | no data | 265 |
| 56 | Ba | barium | 215 | 253 | 268 a | 198 | 149 | 222 |
| 57 | La | lanthanum | 195 | no data | no data | 169 | 139 | 187 b |
| 58 | Ce | cerium | 185 | no data | no data | no data | 131 | 181.8 c |
| 59 | Pr | praseodymium | 185 | 247 | no data | no data | 128 | 182.4 c |
| 60 | Nd | neodymium | 185 | 206 | no data | no data | no data | 181.4 c |
| 61 | Pm | promethium | 185 | 205 | no data | no data | no data | 183.4 c |
| 62 | Sm | samarium | 185 | 238 | no data | no data | no data | 180.4 c |
| 63 | Eu | europium | 185 | 231 | no data | no data | no data | 180.4 c |
| 64 | Gd | gadolinium | 180 | 233 | no data | no data | 132 | 180.4 c |
| 65 | Tb | terbium | 175 | 225 | no data | no data | no data | 177.3 c |
| 66 | Dy | dysprosium | 175 | 228 | no data | no data | no data | 178.1 c |
| 67 | Ho | holmium | 175 | no data | no data | no data | no data | 176.2 c |
| 68 | Er | erbium | 175 | 226 | no data | no data | no data | 176.1 c |
| 69 | Tm | thulium | 175 | 222 | no data | no data | no data | 175.9 c |
| 70 | Yb | ytterbium | 175 | 222 | no data | no data | no data | 176 c |
| 71 | Lu | lutetium | 175 | 217 | no data | 160 | 131 | 173.8 c |
| 72 | Hf | hafnium | 155 | 208 | no data | 150 | 122 | 159 |
| 73 | Ta | tantalum | 145 | 200 | no data | 138 | 119 | 146 b |
| 74 | W | tungsten | 135 | 193 | no data | 146 | 115 | 139 b |
| 75 | Re | rhenium | 135 | 188 | no data | 159 | 110 | 137 b |
| 76 | Os | osmium | 130 | 185 | no data | 128 | 109 | 135 b |
| 77 | Ir | iridium | 135 | 180 | no data | 137 | 107 | 135.5 b |
| 78 | Pt | platinum | 135 | 177 | 175 | 128 | 110 | 138.5 b |
| 79 | Au | gold | 135 | 174 | 166 | 144 | 123 | 144 b |
| 80 | Hg | mercury | 150 | 171 | 155 | 149 | no data | 151 b |
| 81 | Tl | thallium | 190 | 156 | 196 | 148 | 150 | 170 |
| 82 | Pb | lead | 180 | 154 | 202 | 147 | 137 | |
| 83 | Bi | bismuth | 160 | 143 | 207 a | 146 | 135 | |
| 84 | Po | polonium | 190 | 135 | 197 a | no data | 129 | |
| 85 | At | astatine | no data | no data | 202 a | no data | 138 | |
| 86 | Rn | radon | no data | 120 | 220 a | 145 | 133 | |
| 87 | Fr | francium | no data | no data | 348 a | no data | no data | no data |
| 88 | Ra | radium | 215 | no data | 283 a | no data | 159 | no data |
| 89 | Ac | actinium | 195 | no data | no data | no data | 140 | |
| 90 | Th | thorium | 180 | no data | no data | no data | 136 | 179 b |
| 91 | Pa | protactinium | 180 | no data | no data | no data | 129 | 163 d |
| 92 | U | uranium | 175 | no data | 186 | no data | 118 | 156 e |
| 93 | Np | neptunium | 175 | no data | no data | no data | 116 | 155 e |
| 94 | Pu | plutonium | 175 | no data | no data | no data | no data | 159 e |
| 95 | Am | americium | 175 | no data | no data | no data | no data | 173 b |
| 96 | Cm | curium | no data | no data | no data | no data | no data | 174 b |
| 97 | Bk | berkelium | no data | no data | no data | no data | no data | 170 b |
| 98 | Cf | californium | no data | no data | no data | no data | no data | 186+/- 2 b |
| 99 | Es | einsteinium | no data | no data | no data | no data | no data | 186+/- 2 b |
| 100 | Fm | fermium | no data | no data | no data | no data | no data | no data |
| 101 | Md | mendelevium | no data | no data | no data | no data | no data | no data |
| 102 | No | nobelium | no data | no data | no data | no data | no data | no data |
| 103 | Lr | lawrencium | no data | no data | no data | no data | no data | no data |
| 104 | Rf | rutherfordium | no data | no data | no data | no data | 131 | no data |
| 105 | Db | dubnium | no data | no data | no data | no data | 126 | no data |
| 106 | Sg | seaborgium | no data | no data | no data | no data | 121 | no data |
| 107 | Bh | bohrium | no data | no data | no data | no data | 119 | no data |
| 108 | Hs | hassium | no data | no data | no data | no data | 118 | no data |
| 109 | Mt | meitnerium | no data | no data | no data | no data | 113 | no data |
| 110 | Ds | darmstadtium | no data | no data | no data | no data | 112 | no data |
| 111 | Rg | roentgenium | no data | no data | no data | no data | 118 | no data |
| 112 | Cn | copernicium | no data | no data | no data | no data | 130 | no data |
| 113 | Uut | ununtrium | no data | no data | no data | no data | no data | no data |
| 114 | Uuq | ununquadium | no data | no data | no data | no data | no data | no data |
| 115 | Uup | ununpentium | no data | no data | no data | no data | no data | no data |
| 116 | Uuh | ununhexium | no data | no data | no data | no data | no data | no data |
| 117 | Uus | ununseptium | no data | no data | no data | no data | no data | no data |
| 118 | Uuo | ununoctium | no data | no data | no data | no data | no data | no data |
[edit] Notes
- The radius of an atom is not a uniquely defined property and depends on the definition. Data derived from other sources with different assumptions cannot be compared.
-
† to an accuracy of about 5 pm
-
(a) These radii are taken from M. Mantina, A.C. Chamberlin, R. Valero, C.J. Cramer, and D.G. Truhlar, J. Phys. Chem. 2009, 113, 5806.
-
(b) 12 coordinate
-
(c) gallium has an anomalous crystal structure
-
(d) 10 coordinate
[edit] References
As quoted at http://www.webelements.com/ from these sources:
[edit] Atomic radius (empirical)
- J.C. Slater (1964). "Atomic Radii in Crystals". J. Chem. Phys. 41: 3199. Bibcode 1964JChPh..41.3199S. doi:10.1063/1.1725697.
[edit] Atomic radius (calculated)
- E. Clementi, D.L.Raimondi,, W.P. Reinhardt (1967). "Atomic Screening Constants from SCF Functions. II. Atoms with 37 to 86 Electrons". J. Chem. Phys. 47: 1300. Bibcode 1967JChPh..47.1300C. doi:10.1063/1.1712084.
[edit] Van der Waals radius
- A. Bondi (1964). "van der Waals Volumes and Radii". J. Phys. Chem. 68: 441. doi:10.1021/j100785a001.
- M. Mantina, A.C. Chamberlin, R. Valero, C.J. Cramer, D.G. Truhlar (2009). "Consistent van der Waals Radii for the Whole Main Group". J. Phys. Chem. A 113 (19): 5806. doi:10.1021/jp8111556. PMID 19382751.
[edit] Covalent radii (single bond)
More recent data can be found in Covalent radius. The above values are based on
- R.T. Sanderson (1962). Chemical Periodicity. New York, USA: Reinhold.
- L.E. Sutton (ed.) (1965). "Supplement 1956-1959, Special publication No. 18". Table of interatomic distances and configuration in molecules and ions. London, UK: Chemical Society.
- J.E. Huheey, E.A. Keiter, and R.L. Keiter (1993). Inorganic Chemistry : Principles of Structure and Reactivity (4th ed.). New York, USA: HarperCollins. ISBN 006042995X.
- W.W. Porterfield (1984). Inorganic chemistry, a unified approach. Reading Massachusetts, USA: Addison Wesley Publishing Co.. ISBN 0201056607.
- A.M. James and M.P. Lord (1992). Macmillan's Chemical and Physical Data. London, UK: Macmillan. ISBN 0333511670.
[edit] Triple-bond covalent radii
- S. Riedel, P.Pyykkö, M. Patzschke, Patzschke, M (2005). "Triple-Bond Covalent Radii". Chem. Eur. J. 11 (12): 3511–3520. doi:10.1002/chem.200401299. PMID 15832398. Mean-square deviation 3pm.
- Triple-Bond Covalent Radii Table online
[edit] Metallic radius
Greenwood, Norman N.; Earnshaw, Alan (1997). Chemistry of the Elements (2nd ed.). Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann. ISBN 0080379419.
[edit] See also
- Atomic radius
- Covalent radius (Single-, double- and triple-bond radii, up to the superheavy elements.)
- Ionic Radius