Auckland Airport
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| Auckland Airport | |||
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| IATA: AKL – ICAO: NZAA | |||
| Summary | |||
| Airport type | Public | ||
| Owner | AIAL | ||
| Operator | Auckland International Airport Limited | ||
| Serves | Auckland | ||
| Location | Auckland, New Zealand | ||
| Elevation AMSL | 23 ft / 7 m | ||
| Coordinates | 37°00′29″S 174°47′30″E / 37.00806°S 174.79167°ECoordinates: 37°00′29″S 174°47′30″E / 37.00806°S 174.79167°E | ||
| Website | |||
| Runways | |||
| Direction | Length | Surface | |
| ft | m | ||
| 05R/23L | 11,926 | 3,635 | Concrete |
| 05L/23R | 10,197 | 3,108 | Asphalt |
| Statistics (2007–2008) | |||
| Passengers (Excluding Transits) | 12,273,374 [1] | ||
| Passengers (Total) | 13,202,772 | ||
| Aircraft Movements | 159,627 | ||
Auckland Airport (formerly Auckland International Airport) (IATA: AKL, ICAO: NZAA) is the largest and busiest airport in New Zealand with over 13 million (some 7 million international and 6 million domestic) passengers a year, [1] expected to more than double by 2025.[2] The airport is in Mangere, a western suburb of Manukau City, and is 21 km south of Auckland City centre. It is the central hub for Air New Zealand.
Auckland Airport is one of New Zealand’s most important infrastructure assets, providing thousands of jobs for the region, and is the country’s second largest cargo 'port' by value, contributing around $14 billion to the economy, and catering for over four million visitors each year, resulting in a 70% share of New Zealand's international travellers.[3]
The airport is the fourth busiest in Australasia after Sydney, Melbourne and Brisbane airports. However, internationally, the airport is the second busiest in Australasia, being a third busier than Melbourne Airport in terms of international passengers.[4] The airport has also been rated in the top 3 worldwide for airports handling 5–15 million passengers annually. [5]
It has a capacity of about 45 flight movements per hour,[2] using a single runway which is fully Cat IIIb capable (at a reduced rate of movements). A close by taxiway was upgraded for use as a runway when the main runway requires maintenance or for use during emergencies,[6] but it does not have sufficient separation distance to operate simultaneously with the main runway. In November 2007 work began on a new northern runway, to be built in several stages and to be used mainly by smaller airplanes, freeing up capacity on the main runway.
Contents |
[edit] History
[edit] Overview
The site of the airport was first used as an airfield by the Auckland Aero Club. In 1928, the club leased some land from a dairy farmer to accommodate the club's three De Havilland Gypsy Moths. The club president noted at the time that the site "has many advantages of vital importance for an aerodrome and training ground. It has good approaches, is well drained and is free from power lines, buildings and fogs."
In 1960 work started to transform the site into Auckland's main airport, taking over from Whenuapai in the north-west of the city. Much of the runway is on land reclaimed from the Manukau Harbour. The first flight to leave was an Air New Zealand DC-8 in November 1965, bound for Sydney. The airport was officially opened the following year, with a 'grand air pageant' on Auckland Anniversary weekend, 29 January to 31 January 1966.
A new international terminal, named after Jean Batten, was built in 1977[7]. The most recent substantial upgrade was in 2005, separating arriving and departing passengers in response to the terrorism fears after September 11, 2001, which caused concerns that passengers arriving from 'unsafe' airports (i.e. those considered to have insufficient screening procedures) could transfer bombs or weapons in the mixed zone, passing them to other passengers departing for, for example, the USA.
[edit] Expansion
The airport is currently constructing a second main runway 1950m north of the current runway to allow all weather simultaneous operations. The project's initial NZ$32 million stage is to provide a 1200m strip for use by smaller regional-connection planes. To be finished in time for the 2011 Rugby World Cup, the new runway is expected to substantially increase the international-flight capacity of the airport, as smaller planes can be removed from the main runway. These require long safety distances from the air turbulence wakes of preceding jet airliners, causing associated additional delays.[2]
Construction for Stage One started in November 2007. However, Stage Two will see the runway lengthened to 1650m which will enable domestic jet flights to use it. Stage Three (final stage) will lengthen the runway to 2150m, allowing medium sized international jet flights to land there, from destinations such as the Pacific Islands or Australia. Eventually a new domestic terminal will also be built to the north to better utilize the new runway. The new runway will thus free up the longer southern runway to handle more heavy jet operations.[8] The 10-year project would cost NZ$120 million, not including substantial extensions planned for the airport arrivals/departure buildings and associated structures.[2]
An extension to the international terminal has recently been completed to allow the Airbus A380 to dock. Emirates has started flying one of its A380s on the Auckland — Dubai via Sydney route which will be daily as of May 2009, Later in the year Emirates has given the go ahead to start another A380 route from Auckland to Dubai but this one will be via Melbourne.
[edit] International Terminal
[edit] Departures
Check-in counters are at the eastern end of the international terminal building on the ground level. Unusually for most international airports, the counters are arranged in a straight line, rather than in islands.
After checking in, passengers proceed to the first floor via escalators and lifts to passport control and immigration. Premium class passengers flying on various airlines have expedited clearance facilities.[citation needed] There are no special clearance facilities for New Zealand and Australian passport holders (as in Arrivals).
After clearing passport control and the central security checkpoint, passengers walk through a duty-free mall before going up a short escalator to the new upper level, which was completed in December 2005 to satisfy CAA requirements that arriving and departing passengers be separated.
Gates 1–10 are single-airbridge gates, with gate 1 being limited to single-aisle aircraft and gate 4 limited to Boeing 767-300 aircraft and smaller. Gate 5 is the only gate with a glass airbridge. Although stands 8 and 10 theoretically each have the ability to handle the A380 aircraft, it is unlikely that these gates will be used for such flights as there is only one airbridge.
Gates 15 and 16 in the new pier extension are served by two airbridges for wide-body aircraft; and are capable of handling A380 aircraft with simultaneous double-deck boarding. Each of gates 15 and 16 can also simultaneously handle two single-aisle aircraft as "15L" and "15R", or "16L" and "16R" respectively.
Gates 4A, 4B, 4C, 4D and 5A are bus transportation gates.
[edit] Arrivals
Most large planes disembark directly by airbridge onto the first floor at the international terminal. Airstairs may be used during peak periods. Following the opening of the Arrivals area expansion in April 2008, Pier A passengers are now forced to walk (2 travelators are in place however) a considerable distance towards the west of the terminal from the main pier A and through a duty free-shop before clearing passport control (Pier B passengers, located to the west of this central arrivals area, walk an equidistance towards the east). Passengers then descend to the baggage claim area on the ground floor via escalators or lifts and backtrack the way they already walked to collect their luggage and clear biosecurity. This winding design is intended to add about 10 minutes to processing time to prevent passengers from arriving at the baggage reclaim belt too early and to ensure consistency with the departures design (which also requires passengers to walk past where they need to go on one level, before being required to backtrack on a lower level).
Five flat-bed baggage belts are provided in the arrivals hall. Reclaim belt 1 is longer than the others as it was intended that 747-400 flights use this, due to their larger capacity for both passengers and baggage. Despite this, 747-400 aircraft almost never use this reclaim because it is generally allocated to airlines which contract ground handling to Menzies, and no airline contracting with Menzies operates the 747-400 into Auckland.
In early November 2007, Auckland Airport announced it would be fast-tracking a new project to extend the first floor of the current terminal building over the departures forecourt, and to open that the new arrivals hall (currently on the ground floor) in time for the 2011 Rugby World Cup. Arriving passengers will access carparks by sloping travelators, escalators and lifts. It is unclear how departures, currently on the first floor with check-in on the ground floor, and the location of the baggage carousels and biosecurity screening, currently on the ground floor, will be affected by the move of arrivals to level one. Air New Zealand has criticised the expansion as being "unnecessary" and an abuse of the airport's monopoly position.[citation needed]
[edit] Passenger separation
Prior to 2006 Auckland Airport arriving and departing passengers were allowed to mingle airside. After the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, the airport operated with a CAA exemption that allowed this to continue, although flights to the US and all Qantas-operated flights (and for a short while Cathay Pacific flights) were restricted to leaving from gates where a secondary X-ray and metal detector inspection had been set up. This exemption expired in 2006.[citation needed]
Auckland Airport decided that rather than building a new sub-top level to stream arriving passengers (as at Beijing, Vancouver or Heathrow), they needed to build a new departures floor for passengers to "drop down" into the existing gate lounges on the first floor, which would be closed off from a central arrivals corridor by glass. However, this design has been criticised by many frequent flyers on online bulletin boards such as Flyertalk, as the new design forces passengers to wind their way through a series of passages adding a few minutes to what was previously a straight-line two-minute walk. New piers and the planned walkway from the existing international terminal to the new planned Pier B, will be split-level in line with standard international airport practice. The new level introduces an airside Burger King and large windows on one side, which overlook the western end of the airport runway. The other side is primarily blocked by an exterior wall of corrugated steel, forming the back of the shops that have been installed on that side.
Consistent with international civil aviation requirements, all airlines are required to conduct a secondary passport check on all passengers at the boarding gate.
[edit] Biosecurity
New Zealand has tough quarantine laws and all arriving passengers are subject to screening. During non-peak hours, passengers with no baggage can expect to get from plane to exit within 10 minutes; for passengers with baggage about 15–20 minutes. Screening involves detection dogs and x-ray machine screening. A NZ$200 instant fine applies for risky items not being declared, while a fine of up to NZ$100,000 and ten years in prison are possible for the importation of certain specifically risky goods.[9]. This process also applies at other international airports in New Zealand and is carried out by MAF. During peak hours, depending on the backlog at passport control and at MAF Screening, clearance can take up to an hour.
[edit] Domestic Terminal
The domestic terminal buildings are undergoing a significant renovation programme. The project will see the Air New Zealand and Qantas domestic concourses, previously separate buildings, linked by a common retail area. Pacific Blue will have two new check-in counters in between Qantas and Air New Zealand.[citation needed]
Qantas domestic services operate from gates 20 and 21 (airbridge service); Pacific Blue from gates 22 and 24 (mobile stairs) and Air New Zealand jet services from gates 29–33 (airbridge service). Air New Zealand regional services operated by propeller aircraft depart from the regional section of the domestic terminal, at the eastern end. These gates are linked by covered walkways to the terminal, and passengers walk across the apron to the aircraft.
[edit] Holding company
Auckland International Airport Limited (AIAL) was formed in 1988, when the New Zealand Government corporatised the airport. It had previously been run by the Auckland Regional Authority, covering the five councils in the Auckland region.
The Government was AIAL’s majority shareholder, the rest being held by the local councils. In 1998 the Government sold its shareholding, and AIAL became the fifth airport company in the world to be publicly listed. At that time the major shareholders were Auckland City Council (25.8%), Manukau City Council (9.6%) and North Shore City Council (7.1%). North Shore City Council sold its shares in 1999 and Auckland City Council sold its share down to 12.8% in 2002.
AIAL appears on the New Zealand Stock Exchange (NZX: AIA) and Australian Stock Exchange (ASX: AIA). International shareholders hold around 40% of the shares, domestic approximately 60%.[citation needed] The company has a Standard & Poor's credit rating of A+/Stable/A-1.
AIAL enjoys diverse revenue streams, and operates a 'dual-till' approach, whereby its finances are split into aeronautical and non-aeronautical balance sheets. Aeronautical income is derived from airfield charges, terminal services charge and the airport development charge (or departure fee). Non-aeronautical revenue comes from its significant property portfolio, car park, and retail income. Income from the non-aeronautical side of the business accounts for just over half of its revenue. The airport has been criticised by airlines, led by Air New Zealand, for its purportedly high landing charges.
The diversity in revenue was of benefit during the downturn in international aviation following the events of September 11, 2001, and subsequently the 2002 Bali bombings, SARS outbreak and the Iraq War. The airport was able to rely on steady income from the non-aeronautical side of the business, which softened the blow of international events. In addition, New Zealand retained favour among the world’s travellers as a safe destination.
The company has reportedly been singled out by airline lobby group IATA for its consistent excessive level of profits. Airlines such as Air New Zealand complain of excessive landing charges, currently in the process of being increased again.[10] On 5 June 2007, the airport's 60% profit margin was criticised by IATA director general and CEO Giovanni Bisignani. He said the airport had a "happy monopoly" and that IATA would ask the New Zealand government to investigate.[11]
Until July 2008, AIAL charged all departing international passengers (12 years old or older) a $25 departure fee. This has been replaced with a passenger services charge levied on the airlines for each arriving and departing international passenger. This charge has commenced at $13 and will rise by 50 cents a year for two years to $14.[12]
The current directors of the company are Anthony Frankham (chair), Keith Turner, Joan Withers, Lloyd Morrison, John Brabazon and Richard Didsbury.
[edit] Airlines and destinations
| Airlines | Destinations | Terminal | Remarks |
|---|---|---|---|
| Aerolíneas Argentinas | Buenos Aires-Ezeiza, Sydney | International | |
| Air Chathams | Chatham Islands, Napier | Domestic | |
| Aircalin | Nouméa | International | |
| Air New Zealand | Christchurch, Dunedin, Queenstown, Wellington | Domestic | |
| Air New Zealand | Adelaide, Apia, Beijing-Capital, Brisbane, Cairns, Gold Coast, Hong Kong, Honolulu, London-Heathrow, Los Angeles, Melbourne, Nadi, Niue, Norfolk Island, Nouméa, Osaka-Kansai, Papeete, Perth, Port Vila, Rarotonga, San Francisco, Shanghai-Pudong, Sydney, Tokyo-Narita, Tonga, Vancouver | International | |
| Air New Zealand operated by Air Nelson |
Blenheim, Gisborne, Kerikeri, Napier, Nelson, New Plymouth, Palmerston North, Tauranga | Domestic | |
| Air New Zealand operated by Eagle Airways |
Blenheim, Gisborne, Hamilton, Kaitaia, Kerikeri, Masterton, Rotorua, Taupo, Tauranga, Wanganui, Whakatane, Whangarei | Domestic | |
| Air New Zealand operated by Mount Cook Airline |
Napier, Palmerston North | Domestic | |
| Air Pacific | Nadi | International | |
| Air Tahiti Nui | Papeete | International | |
| Air Vanuatu | Port Villa | International | |
| Cathay Pacific | Hong Kong | International | |
| Emirates | Brisbane, Dubai, Melbourne, Sydney | International | |
| Great Barrier Airlines | Great Barrier Island, Matarangi, Whangarei, Whitianga | Domestic | |
| Jetstar Airways | Christchurch, Queenstown, Wellington | Domestic | |
| Jetstar Airways | Gold Coast, Sydney | International | |
| Korean Air | Seoul-Incheon | International | |
| LAN Airlines | Santiago, Sydney | International | |
| Malaysia Airlines | Kuala Lumpur | International | |
| Mountain Air | Great Barrier Island, Whangarei, Tongariro | Domestic | |
| Qantas | Brisbane, Los Angeles, Melbourne, Sydney | International | |
| Royal Brunei Airlines | Bandar Seri Begawan, Brisbane | International | |
| Singapore Airlines | Singapore | International | |
| Thai Airways International | Bangkok-Suvarnabhumi | International | |
| Virgin Blue operated by Pacific Blue operated by Polynesian Blue |
Brisbane, Gold Coast, Sydney , Melbourne[13], Nuku'alofa, Rarotonga Apia |
International | |
| Virgin Blue operated by Pacific Blue |
Christchurch, Wellington |
Domestic |
[edit] Fatal accidents
There have been three fatal aircraft accidents on or near the airport:
- On 4 July 1966 an Air New Zealand Douglas DC-8 on a training flight crashed on the runway shortly after taking off, killing two of the five crew (no passengers were on board).
- On 17 February 1979 an Air New Zealand Fokker Friendship crashed into Manukau Harbour while on final approach. One of the crew and one company staff member were killed.
- On 31 July 1989 a Mainfreight Convair 340/580 crashed shortly after taking off at night. The three crewmembers were killed.
Air New Zealand Flight 901 was a notable accident that involved an aircraft from Auckland. On 28 November 1979 an Air New Zealand sightseeing flight from Auckland to Antarctica, crashed into Mount Erebus, killing all 257 on board.
[edit] References
- ^ a b Auckland Airport (2008-07-28) (PDF). Year In Review. Press release. http://www.auckland-airport.co.nz/Results2008/2008Year_in_Review.pdf. Retrieved on 2008-07-16.
- ^ a b c d Mathew Dearnaley (2007-10-05). "Stage one begins for second runway". The New Zealand Herald. pp. A7. http://www.nzherald.co.nz/section/1/story.cfm?c_id=1&objectid=10467994&pnum=0.
- ^ Air passengers and flights (from Statisticts New Zealand)
- ^ Prime Minister’s Statement to Parliament (from the New Zealand Parliament website. Retrieved Tuesday 2006-02-14.)
- ^ Auckland Airport rated in the top 3 worldwide for service quality (from the Auckland Airport website. Retrieved Thursday 2008-03-27.)
- ^ Summary (from the 'Masterplan: 2005-2025' document of Auckland International airport. Retrieved 2007-10-08.)
- ^ "Expanded Arrivals Processing". Auckland Airport. http://www.auckland-airport.co.nz/~/media/21992090C8F345D1A9F50C0EDEA187D2.ashx?sc_database=master. Retrieved on 2008-12-15.
- ^ Event marks start of new runway for Auckland Airport (Auckland Airport Media Release, Thursday 4 October 2007. Retrieved 2008-01-09.)
- ^ If You Break The Law (from the MAF Biosecurity New Zealand website. Retrieved 2007-10-08)
- ^ Remarks by Giovanni Bisignani - Global Press Briefing, Geneva: Auckland is an example (from an IATA press release, 2006-12-01. Retrieved 2007-11-11.)
- ^ Auckland Airport labelled greedy - TV New Zealand, One News, 2007-06-06. Retrieved 2007-11-11.
- ^ Eriksen, Alanah May. "Airport departure tax to be axed". The New Zealand Herald. 29 May 2008.
- ^ "Virgin Blue launches daily Melbourne-Auckland service". Aviation Record. 2008-07-28. http://www.aviationrecord.com/search-results.aspx?articleType=ArticleView&articleId=931. Retrieved on 2008-07-28.
[edit] External links
- Official website
- Details (airport data from 'aviationpage.co.nz)
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