Anything In Anything
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Anything In Anything or AYIYA is a tunneling protocol for connecting separated areas of IP traffic with each other. The protocol addresses the following problems:
- Tunneling of multiple kinds of protocols within another protocol (the name was derived from this)
- Security - The tunneled packets should not be spoofable or replayable
- NAT awareness - The tunnel should work over a NAT
- Mobility - The endpoint of at least one of the two hosts should be able to change
The draft itself covers the deep details on how this is accomplished and how the protocol works in detail. Below are some scenarios on how this protocol can be used to solve some problems.
| Internet protocol suite |
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| Application layer |
| Transport layer |
| Internet layer |
| Link layer |
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[edit] Using AYIYA for tunnel brokers
Many users are currently located behind NATs which prohibit[1][2] the usage of protocol 41 tunnels (IPv6 tunnelled in IPv4, either RFC 4213 or RFC 3056) unless they manually reconfigure their NAT setup. In some cases, this is impossible as the NAT cannot be configured to forward protocol 41 to a specific host. There might also be cases when multiple endpoints are behind the same NAT, when multiple NATs are used, or when the user has no control at all over the NAT setup. This is an undesired situation as it limits the deployment of IPv6, which was meant to solve the problem of the disturbance in end to end communications caused by NATs, which were created because of limited address space in the first place.
This problem can be solved by tunneling the IPv6 packets over either UDP, TCP or even SCTP. Taking into consideration that multiple separate endpoints could be behind the same NAT and/or that the public endpoint can change on the fly, there is also a need to identify the endpoint that certain packets are coming from and endpoints need to be able to change e.g. source addresses of the transporting protocol on the fly while still being identifiable as the same endpoint. The protocol described in this document is independent of the transport and payload's protocol. An example is IPv6-in-UDP-in-IPv4, which is a typical setup that can be used by IPv6 tunnel brokers.
[edit] Using AYIYA for mobility
AYIYA could be used in a mobility situation for tunneling its Home Address back to the Home Agent, thus acting as a normal tunnel situation and for the Remote Host it seems the communication is happening directly. In this case the remote host doesn't need to support AYIYA. When the Remote Host does support AYIYA, it could also directly setup a tunnel with the mobile host, circumventing that traffic is sent over the Home Agent. The Remote Host can determine if a host supports AYIYA by looking up properties in DNS and use a Public/Private Key algorithm to authenticate the packets without prior information, e.g. the keys, needing to be available. The following diagram illustrates this.
Using AYIYA to provide IPv6 for an endhost is in effect already providing mobility for that endhost as it can use its IPv6 address regardless of geographic location as it signals the Home Agent when the tunnel endpoint changes so that the Home Agent knows where to send new packets.
[edit] Packet format
| Bits 0 - 3 | 4 - 7 | 8 - 11 | 12 - 15 | 16 - 19 | 20 - 23 | 24 - 31 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | Identity Length | Identity Type | Signature Length | Hash Method | Authentication Method | Operation Code | Next Header | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 32 | Epoch Time | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Identity |
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| Signature |
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For IPv6 over IPv4-UDP operation, as in general use, the Identity is the IPv6 Address of the endpoint (16 bytes) and the signature is an SHA1 hash (20 bytes). The header is then a total of 8 + 16 + 20 = 52 bytes. This allows an MTU of 1428 over Ethernet (MTU : 1500).
[edit] Implementations
The following implementations are available: AICCU
