Azure (color)
Azure #007FFF
Azure is a color that is commonly compared to the color of the sky on a clear summer's day.
On the RGB color wheel, "azure" (color #007FFF) is defined as the color at 210 degrees, i.e., the hue halfway between blue and cyan. [ Temperature equivalent based upon pure Black body Radiation, the color of absolute 0 or entropy.]
In the X11 color system which became a standard for early web colors, azure is depicted as a pale cyan color.
Azure also describes the color of the mineral azurite, both in its natural form and as a pigment in various paint formulations. In order to preserve its deep color, azurite was ground coarsely. Fine-ground azurite produces a lighter, washed-out color. Traditionally, the pigment was considered unstable in oil paints, and was sometimes isolated from other colors and not mixed. Modern investigation of old paintings, however, shows that the pigment is very stable unless exposed to sulfur fumes.[1]
In Russian, "голубой" (goluboj, azure or cyan) and "синий" (sinij, blue or navy blue) are not two shades of the same color, but distinguished in the way red and pink are distinct colors in English. A similar distinction exists between "azzurro" (azure, but used to indicate various shades of light blue) and "blu" (blue) in Italian and "ฟ้า (fah, sky blue) and น้ำเงิน (nam ngoen, blue) in Thai.[citation needed]
Etymology [edit]
The etymology of the word azure has been traced back to the Persian word لاژورد "Lazheward",[2] which is the name of a place in northeastern Afghanistan that in ancient times was the main source for lapis lazuli, a semi-precious rock with a vivid blue color. The word was adopted into French (as l'azur, the initial /l/ being understood as "the") by the 12th century. Today it is found in all Western European languages. It was adopted into English from the French, and the first recorded use of it as a color name in English was in 1374 in Geoffrey Chaucer's work Troilus and Criseyde, where he refers to "a broche, gold and asure" (a broach, gold and azure).[3][4][5]
The use of the term spread through the practice of heraldry, where “azure” represents a blue color in the system of tinctures. In engravings, it is represented as a region of parallel horizontal lines, or by the abbreviation az. or b. In practice, azure has been represented by any number of shades of blue. In later heraldic practice a lighter blue, called bleu celeste (“sky blue”), is sometimes specified.
Distinction between blue, azure, and cyan [edit]
All of the colors shown below in the section variations of azure are referenced as having a hue code of between 195 and 225 (the hue code is the h code in the hsv code in the color box for each color), signifying that these colors are tones of azure. The only exception, as noted below, is the web color azure which, with a color code of 180, is actually a tone of cyan.
Strictly speaking, blue colors are those colors with hue codes of between 255 and 225, azure colors are those colors with hue codes of between 195 and 225, and cyan colors are those colors with hue codes of between 165 and 195.
Variations of azure [edit]
Azure mist (web color azure) [edit]
| Azure (web color) | |
|---|---|
 Color coordinates |
|
| Hex triplet | #F0FFFF |
| sRGBB (r, g, b) | (240, 255, 255) |
| HSV (h, s, v) | (180°, 6%, 100[6]%) |
| Source | X11 |
| B: Normalized to [0–255] (byte) |
|
Displayed at right is the web color called azure; in actuality it is a pale pastel tint of cyan, as can be ascertained by noting its hue angle of 180 degrees (cyan).
In an artistic context, this color would be called azure mist.
Alice blue [edit]
| Alice Blue | |
|---|---|
| Color coordinates |
|
| Hex triplet | #F0F8FF |
| sRGBB (r, g, b) | (240, 248, 255) |
| HSV (h, s, v) | (208°, 6%, 100[7]%) |
| Source | X11[8] |
| B: Normalized to [0–255] (byte) |
|
The web color Alice blue is a pale tint of azure.
Light sky blue [edit]
| Light Sky Blue | |
|---|---|
| Color coordinates |
|
| Hex triplet | #87CEFA |
| sRGBB (r, g, b) | (135, 206, 250) |
| HSV (h, s, v) | (203°, 46%, 98[9]%) |
| Source | X11 color names |
| B: Normalized to [0–255] (byte) |
|
Displayed at right is the web color light sky blue.
Baby blue [edit]
| Baby Blue | |
|---|---|
| Color coordinates |
|
| Hex triplet | #89CFF0 |
| sRGBB (r, g, b) | (137, 207, 240) |
| CMYKH (c, m, y, k) | (43, 14, 0, 6) |
| HSV (h, s, v) | (199°, 43%, 94[10]%) |
| Source | Maerz and Paul[11] |
| B: Normalized to [0–255] (byte) H: Normalized to [0–100] (hundred) |
|
Baby blue is known as one of the pastel colors.
This color is associated with baby boys in Western culture.
The first recorded use of baby blue as a color name in English was in 1892.[12]
Sky blue [edit]
| Sky Blue | |
|---|---|
| Common connotations | |
| boys, daylight, water, air, paleness | |
| Color coordinates |
|
| Hex triplet | #87CEEB |
| sRGBB (r, g, b) | (135, 206, 235) |
| HSV (h, s, v) | (197°, 43%, 92[13]%) |
| Source | X11 color names |
| B: Normalized to [0–255] (byte) |
|
Displayed at right is the web color sky blue.
The first recorded use of sky blue as a color name in English was in 1728 in the Cyclopædia of Ephraim Chambers.[14] Prior to the Chambers reference, the color had first been used in 1585 in a book by Nicolas De Nicolay where he stated "the tulbant of the merchant must be skie coloured".[15][16]
Deep sky blue [edit]
| Deep Sky Blue | |
|---|---|
| Color coordinates |
|
| Hex triplet | #00BFFF |
| sRGBB (r, g, b) | (0, 191, 255) |
| CMYKH (c, m, y, k) | (100, 25, 0, 0) |
| HSV (h, s, v) | (195°, 100%, 100[17]%) |
| Source | X11 |
| B: Normalized to [0–255] (byte) H: Normalized to [0–100] (hundred) |
|
Deep sky blue is an azure-cyan color associated with deep sky blue.
Deep sky blue is a web color.
This colour is on the color wheel (RGB/HSV color wheel) halfway between azure and cyan.
The traditional name for this color is Capri.[18]
The first use of Capri as a color name in English was in 1920.[19]
The color Capri in general is named for the azure-cyan color of the Mediterranean sea around the island of Capri off Italy, the site of several villas belonging to the Roman Emperor Tiberius, including his Imperial residence in his later years, the Villa Jovis. Specifically, the color Capri is named after the color of the Blue Grotto on the island of Capri.[20] as it appears on a bright sunny day. Today the island of Capri is a resort island popular with tourists.
The name deep sky blue for this color did not come into use until the promulgation of the X11 color list in 1987.
The name Capri is still used for this color as well as the name deep sky blue.
Maya blue [edit]
Maya Blue #73C2FB
Maya blue was a pigment widely used by the Mayan civilization.
Columbia blue [edit]
| Columbia Blue | |
|---|---|
| Color coordinates |
|
| Hex triplet | #75B2DD |
| sRGBB (r, g, b) | (117, 178, 221) |
| CMYKH (c, m, y, k) | (47n, 20, 0, 13) |
| HSV (h, s, v) | (205°, 47%, 87[21]%) |
| Source | [1] |
| B: Normalized to [0–255] (byte) H: Normalized to [0–100] (hundred) |
|
Columbia blue is a medium light tone of azure named after Columbia University. The typical Columbia blue is defined by Pantone Columbia Blue 3 (PANTONE 292).[22]
United Nations blue [edit]
| United Nations Blue | |
|---|---|
| Color coordinates |
|
| Hex triplet | #4B92DB |
| sRGBB (r, g, b) | (75, 146, 219) |
| CMYKH (c, m, y, k) | (65, 33, 0, 14) |
| HSV (h, s, v) | (210°, 66%, 86[23]%) |
| Source | Vexillological |
| B: Normalized to [0–255] (byte) H: Normalized to [0–100] (hundred) |
|
Displayed at right is the color United Nations blue.
Cornflower blue [edit]
| Cornflower Blue | |
|---|---|
| Color coordinates |
|
| Hex triplet | #6495ED |
| sRGBB (r, g, b) | (100, 149, 237) |
| CMYKH (c, m, y, k) | (59, 37, 0, 0) |
| HSV (h, s, v) | (219°, 58%, 93[24]%) |
| Source | X11 |
| B: Normalized to [0–255] (byte) H: Normalized to [0–100] (hundred) |
|
At right is displayed the web color cornflower blue.
Bleu de France [edit]
| Bleu de France | |
|---|---|
| Color coordinates |
|
| Hex triplet | #318CE7 |
| sRGBB (r, g, b) | (49, 140, 231) |
| CMYKH (c, m, y, k) | (79, 39, 0, 9) |
| HSV (h, s, v) | (210°, 79%, 91[25]%) |
| Source | Pourpre.com |
| B: Normalized to [0–255] (byte) H: Normalized to [0–100] (hundred) |
|
The color bleu de France is displayed at right.
Bleu de France is a color that has been associated in heraldry with the Kings of France since the 12th century.
Dodger blue [edit]
| Dodger Blue | |
|---|---|
| Color coordinates |
|
| Hex triplet | #1E90FF |
| sRGBB (r, g, b) | (30, 144, 255) |
| CMYKH (c, m, y, k) | (88, 44, 0, 0) |
| HSV (h, s, v) | (210°, 88%, 100[26]%) |
| Source | X11 |
| B: Normalized to [0–255] (byte) H: Normalized to [0–100] (hundred) |
|
At right is displayed the color Dodger blue.
Brandeis blue [edit]
| Brandeis Blue | |
|---|---|
| Color coordinates |
|
| Hex triplet | #0070FF |
| sRGBB (r, g, b) | (0, 112, 255) |
| CMYKH (c, m, y, k) | (100, 56, 0, 0) |
| HSV (h, s, v) | (214°, 100%, 100[27]%) |
| Source | Internet |
| B: Normalized to [0–255] (byte) H: Normalized to [0–100] (hundred) |
|
Brandeis blue is the tone of azure used in association with Brandeis University.
The university administration defines Brandeis Blue as corresponding to the Pantone color of 293 or the process color of 100c 56m 0y 0k.[28]
True blue [edit]
| True Blue | |
|---|---|
| Color coordinates |
|
| Hex triplet | #0073CF |
| sRGBB (r, g, b) | (0, 115, 207) |
| CMYKH (c, m, y, k) | (100, 44, 0, 19) |
| HSV (h, s, v) | (207°, 100%, 81[29]%) |
| Source | Internet |
| B: Normalized to [0–255] (byte) H: Normalized to [0–100] (hundred) |
|
The color true blue is a deep tone of azure that is the color of the uniforms of the sports teams of UCLA.
Royal blue (web color) [edit]
| Royal Blue (web color) | |
|---|---|
| Color coordinates |
|
| Hex triplet | #4169E1 |
| sRGBB (r, g, b) | (65, 105, 225) |
| CMYKH (c, m, y, k) | (71, 53, 0, 12) |
| HSV (h, s, v) | (225°, 71%, 88[30]%) |
| Source | X11 |
| B: Normalized to [0–255] (byte) H: Normalized to [0–100] (hundred) |
|
The web color royal blue is a rich tone of azure.
Celestial blue [edit]
| Celestial Blue | |
|---|---|
| Color coordinates |
|
| Hex triplet | #4997D0 |
| sRGBB (r, g, b) | (73, 151, 208) |
| CMYKH (c, m, y, k) | (65, 27, 0, 18) |
| HSV (h, s, v) | (205°, 65%, 81[31]%) |
| Source | Plochere |
| B: Normalized to [0–255] (byte) H: Normalized to [0–100] (hundred) |
|
Displayed at right is the color celestial blue.
The first recorded use of celestial blue as a color name in English was in 1535.[32]
The source of this color is the Plochere Color System, a color system formulated in 1948 that is widely used by interior designers.[33]
Silver Lake blue [edit]
See also Silver Lake, Los Angeles
| Silver Lake Blue | |
|---|---|
| Color coordinates |
|
| Hex triplet | #5D89BA |
| sRGBB (r, g, b) | (93, 137, 186) |
| CMYKH (c, m, y, k) | (50, 26, 0, 27) |
| HSV (h, s, v) | (212°, 50%, 73[34]%) |
| Source | Pantone TPX[35] |
| B: Normalized to [0–255] (byte) H: Normalized to [0–100] (hundred) |
|
Displayed at right is the color Silver Lake blue.
The source of this color is the "Pantone Textile Paper eXtended (TPX)" color list, color #17-4030 TPX—Silver Lake Blue.[36]
Tufts blue [edit]
| Tufts Blue | |
|---|---|
| Color coordinates |
|
| Hex triplet | #417DC1 |
| sRGBB (r, g, b) | (72, 145, 206) |
| CMYKH (c, m, y, k) | (66, 35, 0, 24) |
| HSV (h, s, v) | (212°, 45%, 66[37]%) |
| Source | Internet |
| B: Normalized to [0–255] (byte) H: Normalized to [0–100] (hundred) |
|
Tufts blue is the tone of azure used in association with Tufts University.
Honolulu blue [edit]
| Honolulu Blue | |
|---|---|
| Color coordinates |
|
| Hex triplet | #006DB0 |
| sRGBB (r, g, b) | (0, 109, 176) |
| CMYKH (c, m, y, k) | (100, 38, 0, 31) |
| HSV (h, s, v) | (203°, 100%, 69[38]%) |
| Source | Logographical |
| B: Normalized to [0–255] (byte) H: Normalized to [0–100] (hundred) |
|
Honolulu blue is the tone of azure used in association with the Detroit Lions football team.
Cerulean [edit]
The first recorded use of cerulean as a color name in English was in 1590.[39]
The word is probably derived from the Latin word caeruleus, "dark blue, blue or blue-green", which in turn probably derives from caelulum, diminutive of caelum, "heaven, sky".[40]
Air Force blue [edit]
| Air Force Blue | |
|---|---|
| Color coordinates |
|
| Hex triplet | #5D8AA8 |
| sRGBB (r, g, b) | (93, 138, 168) |
| HSV (h, s, v) | (204°, 45%, 66[41]%) |
| Source | Vexillological:[42] |
| B: Normalized to [0–255] (byte) |
|
Displayed at right is the color air force blue, also known as RAF blue. This is the tone of air force blue used by the Royal Air Force, the first air force to choose an "air force blue" color by which to identify itself, in 1920.
The color "air force blue" is a medium tone of azure since it has a hue code of 204 which is a hue code between 195 and 225, signifying a tone of azure.
Steel blue [edit]
| Steel Blue | |
|---|---|
| Color coordinates |
|
| Hex triplet | #4682B4 |
| sRGBB (r, g, b) | (70, 130, 180) |
| CMYKH (c, m, y, k) | (61, 28, 0, 29) |
| HSV (h, s, v) | (207°, 61%, 71[43]%) |
| Source | X11 |
| B: Normalized to [0–255] (byte) H: Normalized to [0–100] (hundred) |
|
Steel blue is a grayish tone of azure that resembles the color blue steel, i.e., steel which has been subjected to bluing in order to protect it from rust.
The first recorded use of steel blue as a color name in English was in 1817.[44]
French blue [edit]
| French Blue | |
|---|---|
| Color coordinates |
|
| Hex triplet | #0072BB |
| sRGBB (r, g, b) | (0, 114, 187) |
| CMYKH (c, m, y, k) | (100, 39, 0, 27) |
| HSV (h, s, v) | (203°, 100%, 73[45]%) |
| Source | Maerz and Paul |
| B: Normalized to [0–255] (byte) H: Normalized to [0–100] (hundred) |
|
Displayed at right is the color French blue.[46]
French blue is a deep azure color commonly used in quality men's dress shirts.
According to the Oxford English Dictionary, the first use of French Blue in English was in The Times of 1802.[47]
Lapis lazuli [edit]
| Lapis Lazuli | |
|---|---|
| Color coordinates |
|
| Hex triplet | #26619C |
| sRGBB (r, g, b) | (38, 97, 156) |
| CMYKH (c, m, y, k) | (76, 38, 0, 39) |
| HSV (h, s, v) | (210°, 76%, 61[48]%) |
| Source | Pourpre.com |
| B: Normalized to [0–255] (byte) H: Normalized to [0–100] (hundred) |
|
The color lapis lazuli is displayed at left.
Lapis Lazuli is a color that is a representation of the most common color of lapis lazuli.
Royal blue (traditional) [edit]
| Royal Blue (traditional) | |
|---|---|
| Color coordinates |
|
| Hex triplet | #002366 |
| sRGBB (r, g, b) | (0, 35, 102) |
| CMYKH (c, m, y, k) | (100, 66, 0, 60) |
| HSV (h, s, v) | (219°, 100%, 40[49]%) |
| Source | ISCC-NBS |
| B: Normalized to [0–255] (byte) H: Normalized to [0–100] (hundred) |
|
The traditional color called royal blue is a dark shade of azure.
Azure in nature [edit]
- Astronomy
- Insects
- Appalachian Azure (Celastrina neglectamajor), butterfly in the gossamer wings family, Lycaenidae
- Azure Damselfly (Coenagrion puella), damselfly found in Europe
- Azure Hawker (Aeshna caerulea), dragonfly in the family Aeshnidae
- Birds
- Azure Gallinule (Porphyrio flavirostris), bird in the rail family, Rallidae
- Azure Jay (Cyanocorax caeruleus) bird in the crow family, Corvidae
- Azure Kingfisher (Alcedo azurea), bird in the river kingfisher family, Alcedinidae
- Azure Tit (Cyanistes cyanus), bird in the tit family, Paridae
- Azure-crowned Hummingbird (Amazilia cyanocephala), hummingbird in the Trochilidae family
- Azure-hooded Jay (Cyanolyca cucullata), bird in the crow family, Corvidae
- Azure-naped Jay (Cyanocorax heilprini), bird in the crow family, Corvidae
- Azure-rumped Tanager (Tangara cabanisi), bird in the Thraupidae family
- Azure-shouldered Tanager (Thraupis cyanoptera), bird in the Thraupidae family
- Azure-winged Magpie (Cyanopica cyana), bird in the crow family, Corvidae
- The Splendid Fairywren (Malurus splendens), a passerine bird in the Maluridae family, is colored azure.
- The Variegated Fairywren has an azure colored crown.
- The Blue-and-yellow Macaw is one of the national birds of Brazil; it is colored bright sky blue and yellow.
Azure in human culture [edit]
- Cloud computing
- Microsoft Corporation announced on 17 November 2009 that it would launch its Windows Azure cloud computing system on 1 January 2010.[50]
- Comic Books
- Azure Blue is a villain in the Carl Barks story The Golden Helmet in the 1952 comic book Donald Duck Four Color #408.
- Computer Games
- In the computer game Diablo using an eldritch shrine will give you the message "Crimson and Azure becomes as the sun".
- In the classic first person shooter Quake, a level is titled "Azure Agony", and features a blue color scheme.
- Azure Kite is one of the main supporting characters in .hack.
- In the first .hack// game series on PS2, two of the friends of the main character, Kite, are known by special names. They are Orca of the Azure Sea and Balmung of the Azure Sky.
- In the fighting game series Soul Calibur, the character Nightmare is nicknamed the Azure Knight.
- Azelf from Pokémon Diamond and Pearl is named for the color azure and the mythological creature, the elf.
- Food
- The Jell-O gelatin dessert flavor berry blue is colored a bright tone of azure.
- Geography
- Azure Coast (Côte d'Azur) is a name commonly used for the French Riviera, part of France's southeastern coast on the Mediterranean.
- Music
- Azure Ray is an American dream pop duo, consisting of musicians Maria Taylor and Orenda Fink, that active primarily from 2001 to 2004, and since 2009.
- "Azure Blue" is a jazz/blues fusion composition written by Edward Bland. Trumpeter Dizzy Gillespie first recorded the tune on his 1969 live LP Sweet Soul, which consisted entirely of Bland's compositions, and has since been reissued on several compilation packages.
- Mythology
- In Chinese mythology, the Azure Dragon is one of the Four Symbols of the Chinese constellations. It is sometimes called the Azure Dragon of the East (simplified Chinese: 东方青龙; traditional Chinese: 東方青龍; pinyin: Dōng Fāng Qīng Lóng), and it is known as Seiryū in Japan and Cheongryong in Korea. It represents the east and the spring season.
- National colors
- Azure (azzurro) is the national color for Italy, as well as the color of the Italian police (Polizia di Stato).
- Religion
- In the teachings of the UFO religion the Unarius Academy of Science, the capital of Venus, which, like the Venusians themselves, is said to exist on a higher vibratory plane, is called Azure.[51]
- Sports
- Some professional teams use the color sky blue:
See also [edit]
References [edit]
- ^ Rutherford J. Gettens and George L. Stout (1942) Painting Materials: A Short Encyclopedia, New York: Van Nostrand
- ^ Oxford Dictionary showing word trace to Persian
- ^ "azure, n. and adj.". Oxford English Dictionary. OUP. Retrieved 21 April 2011.
- ^ Chaucer, Geoffrey. "The Project Gutenberg EBook of Troilus and Criseyde". Troilus and Criseyde. Project Gutenberg. Retrieved 21 April 2011.
- ^ Maerz and Paul A Dictionary of Color New York:1930 McGraw-Hill Page 190. Also Azure @ Dictionary.Reference.com. Also Azur @ CNRTL.fr (in french).
- ^ web.forret.com | Color Conversion Tool set to hex code of color #F0FFFF (Azure (web color)):
- ^ web.forret.com Color Conversion Tool set to hex code of color #F0F8FF (Alice Blue):
- ^ W3C TR CSS3 Color Module, SVG color keywords
- ^ web.forret.com Color Conversion Tool set to hex code of color #87CEFA (Light Sky Blue):
- ^ web.forret.com Color Conversion Tool set to hex code of color #89CFF0 (Baby Blue):
- ^ The color displayed in the color box above matches the color called baby blue in the 1930 book by Maerz and Paul A Dictionary of Color New York:1930 McGraw-Hill; the color baby blue is displayed on page 93, Plate 35, Color Sample E2.
- ^ Maerz and Paul A Dictionary of Color New York:1930 McGraw-Hill Page 190; Color Sample of Baby Blue: Page 93 Plate 35 Color Sample E2
- ^ web.forret.com Color Conversion Tool set to hex code of color #87CEEB (Sky Blue):
- ^ ww.oed.com.libezproxy.open.ac.uk/Entry/181142 "sky-blue, n. and adj.". Oxford English Dictionary. OUP. Retrieved 21 April 2011.
- ^ "sky-coloured | sky-colored, adj.". Oxford English Dictionary. OUP. Retrieved 21 April 2011.
- ^ Maerz and Paul A Dictionary of Color New York:1930 McGraw-Hill Page 204; Color Sample of Sky Blue: Page 89 Plate 33 Color Sample E6
- ^ color-book.org hex code #00bfff information
- ^ Maerz and Paul A Dictionary of Color New York:1930 McGraw-Hill Color Sample of Capri: Page 93 Plate 35 Color Sample L7; The color Capri is shown as lying halfway between Cyan and Azure.
- ^ Maerz and Paul A Dictionary of Color New York:1930 McGraw-Hill Page 191
- ^ Maerz and Paul A Dictionary of Color New York:1930 McGraw-Hill Page 152 Discussion of the color Capri
- ^ web.forret.com Color Conversion Tool set to hex code of color #75B2DD (Columbia Blue):
- ^ http://www.colourlovers.com/color/76B3DF/pantone_292
- ^ web.forret.com Color Conversion Tool set to hex code of color #4B92DB (United Nations Blue):
- ^ web.forret.com Color Conversion Tool set to hex code of color #6495ED (Cornflower Blue):
- ^ web.forret.com Color Conversion Tool set to hex code of color #318CE7 (Bleu de France):
- ^ web.forret.com Color Conversion Tool set to hex code of color #1E90FF (Dodger Blue):
- ^ web.forret.com Color Conversion Tool set to hex code of color #0070FF (Brandeis Blue):
- ^ Brandeis University Visual Identity Manual
- ^ web.forret.com Color Conversion Tool set to hex code of color #0073CF (True Blue):
- ^ web.forret.com Color Conversion Tool set to hex code of color #4169E1 (Royal Blue (web)):
- ^ web.forret.com Color Conversion Tool set to hex code of color #4997D0 (Celestial Blue):
- ^ Maerz and Paul A Dictionary of Color New York:1930 McGraw-Hill Page 192; Color Sample of Celestial blue: Page 93 Plate 35 Color Sample D3
- ^ Plochere Color System:
- ^ web.forret.com Color Conversion Tool set to hex code of color #5D89BA (Silver Lake Blue):
- ^ Type the words "Silver Lake Blue" into the indicated window on the Pantone Color Finder and the color will appear.
- ^ Pantone TPX Pantone Color Finder--Type the words "Silver Lake Blue" into the indicated window on the Pantone Color Finder and the color will appear:
- ^ web.forret.com Color Conversion Tool set to hex code of color #417DC1 (Tufts Blue):
- ^ web.forret.com Color Conversion Tool set to hex code of color #006DB0 (Honolulu Blue):
- ^ Maerz and Paul A Dictionary of Color New York:1930 McGraw-Hill Page 190; Color Sample of Cerulean: Page 89 Plate 33 Color Sample E6
- ^ Cerulean, Online Etymology Dictionary
- ^ web.forret.com Color Conversion Tool set to hex code of color #5D8AA8 (Air Force Blue (RAF)):
- ^ History of the RAF, Chapter 7 – Cultural & Organizational Heritage, p. 370]
- ^ web.forret.com Color Conversion Tool set to hex code of color #4682B4 (Steel Blue):
- ^ Maerz and Paul A Dictionary of Color New York:1930 McGraw-Hill Page 205
- ^ web.forret.com Color Conversion Tool set to hex code of color #0072BB (French Blue)
- ^ Color Sample of French Blue on ISCC-NBS color chart (color sample #178):
- ^ "French, adj. and n.". Oxford English Dictionary. OUP. Retrieved 21 April 2011.
- ^ web.forret.com Color Conversion Tool set to hex code of color #26619C (Lapis Lazuli)):
- ^ web.forret.com Color Conversion Tool set to hex code of color #002366 (Royal Blue (traditional)):
- ^ Microsoft to Launch Azure Cloud Service in 2010:—New York Times 17 November 2009
- ^ Norman, Ernst and Ruth The Voice of Venus 1954 Unarius Academy of Science
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