B4GALT4

UDP-Gal:betaGlcNAc beta 1,4- galactosyltransferase, polypeptide 4
Identifiers
Symbols	B4GALT4; B4Gal-T4; beta4Gal-T4
External IDs	OMIM: 604015 MGI: 1928387 HomoloGene: 37848 GeneCards: B4GALT4 Gene
EC number	2.4.1.90
Gene Ontology Molecular function • N-acetyllactosamine synthase activity • galactosyltransferase activity • transferase activity, transferring glycosyl groups • metal ion binding Cellular component • Golgi membrane • Golgi apparatus • membrane • integral to membrane • Golgi cisterna membrane Biological process • carbohydrate metabolic process • membrane lipid metabolic process • protein N-linked glycosylation via asparagine • post-translational protein modification • cellular protein metabolic process Sources: Amigo / QuickGO
RNA expression pattern
More reference expression data
Orthologs
Species	Human	Mouse
Entrez	8702	56375
Ensembl	ENSG00000121578	ENSMUSG00000022793
UniProt	O60513	Q3UW35
RefSeq (mRNA)	NM_003778.3	NM_019804.3
RefSeq (protein)	NP_003769.1	NP_062778.2
Location (UCSC)	Chr 3: 118.93 – 118.96 Mb	Chr 16: 38.74 – 38.77 Mb
PubMed search	[1]	[2]

Beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase 4 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the B4GALT4 gene.

This gene is one of seven beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase (beta4GalT) genes. They encode type II membrane-bound glycoproteins that appear to have exclusive specificity for the donor substrate UDP-galactose; all transfer galactose in a beta1,4 linkage to similar acceptor sugars: GlcNAc, Glc, and Xyl. Each beta4GalT has a distinct function in the biosynthesis of different glycoconjugates and saccharide structures. As type II membrane proteins, they have an N-terminal hydrophobic signal sequence that directs the protein to the Golgi apparatus and which then remains uncleaved to function as a transmembrane anchor. By sequence similarity, the beta4GalTs form four groups: beta4GalT1 and beta4GalT2, beta4GalT3 and beta4GalT4, beta4GalT5 and beta4GalT6, and beta4GalT7. The enzyme encoded by this gene appears to mainly play a role in glycolipid biosynthesis. Two alternatively spliced transcript variants have been found for this gene.

Further reading

• Amado M, Almeida R, Schwientek T, Clausen H (2000). "Identification and characterization of large galactosyltransferase gene families: galactosyltransferases for all functions.". Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1473 (1): 35–53. doi:10.1016/S0304-4165(99)00168-3. PMID 10580128. 
• Kalyanaraman VS, Rodriguez V, Veronese F, et al. (1990). "Characterization of the secreted, native gp120 and gp160 of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1.". AIDS Res. Hum. Retroviruses 6 (3): 371–80. doi:10.1089/aid.1990.6.371. PMID 2187500. 
• Pal R, Hoke GM, Sarngadharan MG (1989). "Role of oligosaccharides in the processing and maturation of envelope glycoproteins of human immunodeficiency virus type 1". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 86 (9): 3384–8. doi:10.1073/pnas.86.9.3384. PMC 287137. PMID 2541446. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=287137. 
• Dewar RL, Vasudevachari MB, Natarajan V, Salzman NP (1989). "Biosynthesis and processing of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 envelope glycoproteins: effects of monensin on glycosylation and transport". J. Virol. 63 (6): 2452–6. PMC 250699. PMID 2542563. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=250699. 
• Kozarsky K, Penman M, Basiripour L, et al. (1989). "Glycosylation and processing of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 envelope protein". J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr. 2 (2): 163–9. PMID 2649653. 
• Robinson WE, Montefiori DC, Mitchell WM (1988). "Evidence that mannosyl residues are involved in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) pathogenesis". AIDS Res. Hum. Retroviruses 3 (3): 265–82. doi:10.1089/aid.1987.3.265. PMID 2829950. 
• Schwientek T, Almeida R, Levery SB, et al. (1998). "Cloning of a novel member of the UDP-galactose:beta-N-acetylglucosamine beta1,4-galactosyltransferase family, beta4Gal-T4, involved in glycosphingolipid biosynthesis". J. Biol. Chem. 273 (45): 29331–40. doi:10.1074/jbc.273.45.29331. PMID 9792633. 
• Suzuki Y, Tsunoda T, Sese J, et al. (2001). "Identification and Characterization of the Potential Promoter Regions of 1031 Kinds of Human Genes". Genome Res. 11 (5): 677–84. doi:10.1101/gr.164001. PMC 311086. PMID 11337467. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=311086. 
• Guo S, Sato T, Shirane K, Furukawa K (2002). "Galactosylation of N-linked oligosaccharides by human beta-1,4-galactosyltransferases I, II, III, IV, V, and VI expressed in Sf-9 cells". Glycobiology 11 (10): 813–20. doi:10.1093/glycob/11.10.813. PMID 11588157. 
• Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, et al. (2003). "Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99 (26): 16899–903. doi:10.1073/pnas.242603899. PMC 139241. PMID 12477932. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=139241. 
• Clark HF, Gurney AL, Abaya E, et al. (2003). "The Secreted Protein Discovery Initiative (SPDI), a Large-Scale Effort to Identify Novel Human Secreted and Transmembrane Proteins: A Bioinformatics Assessment". Genome Res. 13 (10): 2265–70. doi:10.1101/gr.1293003. PMC 403697. PMID 12975309. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=403697. 
• Ota T, Suzuki Y, Nishikawa T, et al. (2004). "Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs". Nat. Genet. 36 (1): 40–5. doi:10.1038/ng1285. PMID 14702039. 
• Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, et al. (2004). "The Status, Quality, and Expansion of the NIH Full-Length cDNA Project: The Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC)". Genome Res. 14 (10B): 2121–7. doi:10.1101/gr.2596504. PMC 528928. PMID 15489334. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=528928.