BM-30 Smerch
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| BM-30 Smerch | |
|---|---|
 9A52-2 "Smerch" launch vehicle |
|
| Type | Multiple rocket launcher |
| Place of origin |  Soviet Union |
| Service history | |
| In service | 1989-present |
| Production history | |
| Designed | 1980s |
| Specifications | |
| Weight | 43.7 t |
| Length | 12 m (39 ft 4 in) |
| Width | 3.05 m (10 ft) |
| Height | 3.05 m (10 ft) |
| Crew | 3 |
|
|
|
| Caliber | 300 mm (12 in) |
| Barrels | 12 |
| Maximum range | 90 km (56 mi) |
|
|
|
| Main armament |
9M55 or 9M528 rockets |
| Engine | V-12 diesel D12A-525A 525 hp (391 kW) |
| Suspension | 8×8 wheeled |
| Operational range |
850 km (530 mi) |
| Speed | 60 km/h (37 mph) |
The BM-30 Smerch (Tornado) or 9A52 is a Soviet heavy multiple rocket launcher. The system is designed to defeat personnel, armored, and soft-skinned targets in concentration areas, artillery batteries, command posts and ammunition depots. It was created in the early 1980s and entered service in the Soviet Army in 1989.[1] When first observed by the West in 1983, it received the code MRL 280mm M1983. It is expected to be superseded by the 9A52-4 Smerch-S.
Contents |
[edit] Components
The main components of the RSZO 9K58 "Smerch" system are the following:
- Rockets 9M55 or 9M528 (in containers);
- BM 9A52-2 launch vehicle;
- TZM 9T234-2 transloader with a 850 kg crane and 12 spare rockets;
- Automated fire control equipment in the command post 1K123 "Vivary";
- Maintenance vehicle PM-2-70 MTO-V;
- Set of arsenal equipment 9F819;
- Training facilities 9F827 and 9F840.
The 300mm rockets with a firing range of 70 and 90 km and various warheads have been developed for the Smerch MLRS.
The 9A52-2 vehicle with the automated system ensures:
- delivery of fire from an un-surveyed fire position;
- laying of the launch tube cluster with the crew staying in the cabin and without using aiming points;
- autonomous determination of an azimuth of the launch tube cluster’s longitudinal axis;
- visual representation of graphical information for the launch tube cluster laying, the route of vehicle movement and location as well as a point of destination and direction of movement on the video terminal;
- increase in MLRS survivability owing to reduced time of staying at a fire position;
- increased comfort for the laying operator, especially in adverse weather conditions and at night;
- increased independent operation owing to the navigation and survey equipment, which allows the vehicle to rapidly change fire positions and move autonomously;
- reduction of the combat crew.
[edit] General characteristics
- Chassis: MAZ-543M (9A52-1) or MAZ-79111 (9A52-2)
- Emplacement Time: 3 min
- Displacement Time: 2 min
- Launch Rate
- Salvo Time: 12 rounds in 38 seconds
- Reload Time: 20 min
[edit] Rocket projectiles
| Variant | Rocket | Warhead | Self-destruct time | Range | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Name | Type | Weight | Length | Weight | Submunition | Min. | Max. | |
| 9M55K | Cluster munition, anti-personnel | 800 kg | 7.6 m | 243 kg | 72 × 1.75 kg, each with 96 fragments (4.5 g each) | 110 sec | 20 km | 70 km |
| 9M55K1 | Cluster munition, self guided anti-tank | 243 kg | 5 × 15 kg | |||||
| 9M55K4 | Cluster munition, AT minelets. | 243 kg | 25 × 5 kg mines | 24 hour | ||||
| 9M55K5 | HEAT/HE-Fragmentation. | 243 kg | 646 × 0.25 kg (120 mm RHA armor piercing) | 260 sec | ||||
| 9M55F | separable HE-Fragmentation | 258 kg | ||||||
| 9M55S | Thermobaric | 243 kg | ||||||
| 9M528 | HE-Fragmentation | 815 kg | 243 kg | 7.6 m | 25 km | 90 km | ||
[edit] Operators
Algeria - 18 systems in 1999.
Armenia - unknown.[2]
Azerbaijan - 12 systems 9А52 .[citation needed]
Belarus - 48 systems in 1990.[3]
India - 62 Systems in service. Total cost $750 million.
Indonesia - 12 systems on order. To be delivered.
Kazakhstan [4]
Kuwait - 27 systems in 1996.
People's Republic of China - Copied as the PHL-03.[5]
Russia - 300 in 2001 (100 in 1995).[6]
Turkmenistan - 6 systems 9A52-2T in 2008/2009.[7]
Ukraine - 99 in 2008,[8]
United Arab Emirates - 6
Venezuela - 12 ordered to be delivered May 2011.[citation needed]
[edit] Former operators
Soviet Union: Passed on to successor states.
[edit] Variants
- 9A52-4 - Lighter, airmobile version on KamAZ-6350 truck with modular 6-round rocket pack. Demonstrated in 2007.
- 9A52-2T - Export version, based on the Tatra T816 10x10 truck.[9]
- PHL96 - Chinese version, based on a Wanshan WS-2400 8x8 truck.
- PHL03 or Type A100 - Chinese variant.
[edit] See also
- Katyusha, BM-13, BM-8, and BM-31 multiple rocket launchers of World War II
- BM-14 140mm multiple rocket launcher
- BM-21 Grad 122mm multiple rocket launcher
- BM-27 Uragan 220mm multiple rocket launcher
- M270, U.S. multiple rocket launcher
- Pinaka Multi Barrel Rocket Launcher, 214mm Indian multiple rocket launcher
- TOS-1 Buratino Heavy Flame Thrower System (multiple rocket / thermobaric weapon launcher)
- 9A52-4 Tornado MLRS
[edit] References
- ^ (Russian) MLRS Smerch
- ^ [1]
- ^ Belarus Army Equipment
- ^ http://otvaga2004.narod.ru/publ_w7_2010/matybulak/43/otvaga_matybulak_260.jpg
- ^ http://www.military-today.com/artillery/phl03.htm
- ^ Russian Army Equipment
- ^ The Military Balance 2010. p.-372
- ^ http://www.mil.gov.ua
- ^ http://otvaga2004.narod.ru/xlopotov_8/2010_smerch1.htm
- Russia's Arms Catalog 2004
[edit] External links
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to: BM-30 Smerch |
- Smerch - 9A52 - 300mm multi-barreled rocket launcher – Walk around photos
- Splav State Research and Production Enterprise
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