Baby Boy (Beyoncé Knowles song)

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"Baby Boy"
A woman is standing with her arms open, meanwhile smiling and looking back. She wears a short light-blue shirt, a blue skirt and a rosary on her neck.
Single by Beyoncé featuring Sean Paul
from the album Dangerously in Love
Released August 3, 2003
Format CD, 12"
Recorded 2003; South Beach Studios, Miami, Florida[1]
Genre R&B, reggae fusion, dancehall
Length 4:04
Label Columbia
Writer(s) Beyoncé Knowles, Scott Storch, Sean Paul Henriques, Robert Waller, Shawn Carter
Producer Scott Storch, Beyoncé Knowles
Beyoncé Knowles singles chronology
"Fighting Temptation"
(2003)
"Baby Boy"
(2003)
"Me, Myself and I"
(2003)
Sean Paul singles chronology
"Breathe"
(2003)
"Baby Boy"
(2003)
"I'm Still in Love with You"
(2004)

"Baby Boy" is song recorded by American R&B singer Beyoncé Knowles, featuring Jamaican reggae rapper Sean Paul. The track was produced by Scott Storch and Knowles for her debut studio album, Dangerously in Love (2003). Consisting of a lyrical interpolation of "No Fear" by hip-hop group O.G.C, "Baby Boy" was written by Knowles, Storch, Paul, Robert Waller and Jay-Z. "Baby Boy" is an R&B–reggae song whose lyrics detail a woman's fantasies, and in keeping with the album's overall theme, Knowles' deemed them as personal to her. The song was considered to be a sequel to Knowles' 2002 collaboration with Jay-Z on "'03 Bonnie & Clyde".

After having been officially sent to US radios on August 3, 2003, "Baby Boy" was released physically as from October 7, 2003 as the second single from Dangerously in Love through Columbia Records. The single was critically lauded by contemporary music critics, who generally complimented the incorporation of Indian and Middle Eastern music styles in the song. Some of them also cited the melding dancehall influences with the main genres of the single and considered Knowles' collaboration with Paul as one of the best on the album.

"Baby Boy" was a commercial success. It topped the US Billboard Hot 100 chart for nine consecutive weeks. "Baby Boy" was certified platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) and was Knowles' longest-running solo number-one single until "Irreplaceable" (2007), which topped the Hot 100 chart for ten consecutive weeks. The single performed well internationally, reaching the top ten in many countries, including Australia, Belgium, Denmark, France, Ireland, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Sweden, Switzerland as well as the United Kingdom. It was certified platinum by the Australian Recording Industry Association (ARIA).

The song's accompanying music video was directed by Jake Nava, who also shot the video for the album's lead single, "Crazy in Love" (2003). The video mostly shows Knowles dancing in various locations. "Baby Boy" has remained a staple of Knowles' concert set list. The American Society of Composers, Authors, and Publishers (ASCAP) recognized it at the 2005 Pop Music Awards, as one of the most performed songs of the year. In 2005, US singer-songwriter Jennifer Armour filed a copyright infringement lawsuit claiming that Knowles had used the primary musical hook from her song "Got a Little Bit of Love for You". It was settled in favor of Knowles.

Contents

[edit] Background and writing

In 2002, Knowles went to Miami, Florida, in the United States, to work with American record producer Scott Storch for her debut solo album, Dangerously in Love.[1] She and Storch wrote "Baby Boy", with contributions from American songwriter Robert Waller and Knowles' then-boyfriend, hip hop artist Jay-Z.[1] The song also contains a lyrical interpolation of "No Fear" by hip-hop group O.G.C. used towards the ending of the song: "We steppin' in hotter this year".[2]

Once the track was supposedly done, Knowles had the idea that it would be "perfect" if Jamaican dancehall-reggae artist Sean Paul contributed a vocal track.[2] Knowles contacted Paul about a possible collaboration for "Baby Boy".[3][4] Sean Paul agreed, and flew in from Jamaica to join the recording sessions of the song.[2] He contributed a toast verse, and they finished recording "Baby Boy" in March 2003, during the later stages of the album's recording.[3]

[edit] Music and theme

"Baby Boy" is a mid-tempo contemporary R&B song, performed in a moderate groove. It is composed in the key of C minor, and is set to ninety-two beats per minute in the time signature of common time.[5] As stated by Morgan Gerard of Peace Magazine, "Baby Boy" is a hybrid of R&B and dancehall[6] and it has a reggae influence.[7] Storch's knowledge on Indian and Middle Eastern music contributes to its Eastern influences,[8] to be more precise Arabian music.[9] Entertainment Weekly magazine's Neil Drumming noted that "'Baby Boy' goes full-tilt Bollywood 'n da hood, with Sean Paul ripping a pulsing tabla raga".[10] The song is built on "clicky beats that sound like castanets",[11] and it also includes synthesized hand-claps and slaps.[12] According to Fox News Channel, "Baby Boy" is based on the 1995 reggae song, "Here Comes the Hotstepper" by Jamaican singer Ini Kamoze.[13]

"Baby Boy" is considered to be a sequel in ways to "'03 Bonnie & Clyde"; a 2002 Jay-Z song featuring Knowles.[3] The lyrics detail a woman's fantasies, and in keeping with the album's overall theme, Knowles' deemed them as personal to her.[4] Paul remarked, "She's telling me about her fantasies and picturing me and her going here and there, all over the world ... I'm answering back, like, 'I'm wit it'."[3] The lyrics are constructed in the toast–chorus–verse form; Sean Paul performs the toasting while Knowles sings all other verses and choruses. The pattern is repeated twice; a further chorus and verse follow, resolving at the toasting and final verse.[2]

[edit] Release and reception

Two men and a woman are looking forward. Both men are wearing military-style clothing, while the woman is holding a microphone. She wears gypsy-style clothing. In the background, many musical instruments are visible.
Knowles singing "Baby Boy", flanked by two dancers

"Baby Boy" was released as the second single from the debut studio album, Dangerously in Love. The song was officially sent to radios in the United States on August 3, 2003 under formats including Rhythmic[14] and Top 40 airplay.[15] "Baby Boy" was released in maxi single in Canada on October 7, 2003,[16] as a CD single in Germany on October 13, 2003,[17] and in the United States the following day via the same format.[18] The track appeared in the revamped version of Paul's second album, Dutty Rock (2003).[19]

"Baby Boy" was well-received by critics. Rolling Stone magazine reviewer Anthony DeCurtis wrote that Knowles‎ sounded like she was "having fun" on the song,[20] while Stephen Thomas Erlewine of Allmusic, an online music database, described Knowles' vocals as "assured and sexy".[21] Mark Anthony Neal of the international webzine PopMatters, regarded the song as one of the "high-profile collaborations" from Dangerously in Love.[22] Lisa Verrico of the daily US newspaper The Times described the song a "Latino-tinged collaboration [...] Paul does a reggae rap in the middle, but it's when he chats while Beyoncé half raps that the pair have real chemistry".[11] Yancey Strickler of the Flak magazine wrote that "'Baby Boy''s diwali stutter is enhanced by Sean Paul's dancehall monotone".[23]

James Anthony of the British newspaper The Guardian said the track "bridges the gap between the genres of R&B and dancehall".[24] Los Angeles Times writer Natalie Nichols said that "the [...] house-spiced 'Baby Boy' successfully meld [Knowles] breathy cooing with hip, interesting production."[7] British record label EMI was honored by the American Society of Composers, Authors and Publishers (ASCAP) during the 2005 Pop Music Awards as Publisher of the Year for publishing "Baby Boy", among other songs.[25] Scott Storch earned Songwriter of the Year at the same event.[25]

[edit] Chart performance

"Baby Boy" attained a positioning on the commercial charts before its physical release in the US. The track led to a higher Billboard 200 chart placing for Dangerously in Love, and helped the album to attain multi-platinum certification in the US.[26] The single debuted on the Billboard Hot 100, the official singles chart of America, at number fifty-seven, while "Crazy in Love" was still in the top spot.[27] "Baby Boy" dominated the US airplays, and ultimately reaching the top of the Hot 100.[28][29][30] It reached the chart's top spot eight weeks after its debut, and stayed there for nine consecutive weeks.[30][31] The single stayed number one for a week longer than "Crazy in Love" had, becoming Knowles' longest-charting number-one single. The feat was not broken until Knowles' 2006 single "Irreplaceable", from her second album B'Day (2006), which spent ten weeks at the top spot in late 2006 to early 2007 due to heavy radio play.[32] "Baby Boy" stayed on the Hot 100 for twenty-nine weeks,[33] and was certified platinum on June 6, 2006, by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA).[34] "Baby Boy" achieved success on Billboard crossover and mainstream radio charts, appearing on the Top 40 Tracks, Rhythmic Top 40 and Top 40 Mainstream, as well as on the Hot 100 Airplay, Hot Dance Airplay and Hot Dance Music/Club Play.[35][36][37][29] As at October 6, 2010, "Baby Boy" had sold 6,000 physical units in the US.[38]

Internationally, "Baby Boy" performed just as well, peaking inside the top ten on most charts. The single debuted at number two in the United Kingdom, becoming the chart's highest debut and "Baby Boy"'s highest entry internationally.[39] Though it spent eleven weeks on the chart, it failed to top it (being held off by "Where Is the Love?" by The Black Eyed Peas).[39] In most European countries, the single entered the top ten. In Australia and New Zealand, "Baby Boy" peaked at number three and two, respectively.[40][41] It was certified platinum by the Australian Recording Industry Association for shipment in excess of 70,000 units.[42]

[edit] Music video

A panoramic image of a woman in two different situations. On the left side she is dancing with some people behind her. She is wearing a dark-blue outfit and turquoise shoes. On the other hand, on the image of the right, she is dancing alone and holds a microphone with her hand. She wears dark clothes while she holds her hands in front of her chest.
Knowles performing a routine similar to the one featured in the music video (left) to "Baby Boy"

The music video for "Baby Boy" was filmed by English director Jake Nava, who also shot Knowles' "Crazy in Love" video. It was recorded in Miami, Florida on August 7–8, 2003. Parts of the video were captured in a house with different style rooms: one in a Japanese style and one in an old English style.[43]

Scenes featuring Knowles and Paul are shown separately. The video begins with Paul sitting on a throne while toasting; Knowles is leaning against a wall and dancing. In the following scene, Knowles is seen on a bed tossing herself. Paul is shown with several women who are lying on the floor caressing each other. Knowles walks towards the beach; she spots a man, and the two touch and flirt. At a party, Knowles dances with a man. Water floods the floor as she sings "the dance floor becomes the sea". The original track is interpolated towards the end with an Arabic instrumental, designed for the music video. This section showcases Knowles vigorously dancing on the sand.

Sal Cinquemani of the online publication Slant Magazine, described the video as a "baby-oil-logged follow-up" to "Crazy in Love"'s "bootylicous video".[44] "Baby Boy" premiered on MTV's program Total Request Live on August 25, 2003 at number ten and reached the top spot.[45][46] It stayed on the show for forty-one days, the same chart run "Me, Myself and I" earned.[45]

[edit] Live performances

A faraway image of a woman who is singing in front of a crowd. She is wearing short white shirt, a skirt of the same color, and a microphone. She is standing on a pedestal and many musicians are seen around her image.
Knowles performing "Baby Boy" during Destiny's Child's 2005 farewell concert tour Destiny Fulfilled ... And Lovin' It

Knowles performed "Baby Boy" during the 2003 MTV Video Music Awards.[47] She sang the song in a medley with the pre-recorded vocals of Sean Paul, and also performed "Crazy in Love" with Jay-Z.[48] She later performed "Baby Boy" at the 2003 MTV Europe Music Awards together with Sean Paul.[49] "Baby Boy" has been included on the set list for most of Knowles' concert tours. The song was set as opening of her Dangerously in Love World Tour that began in late 2003. During the tour, she appeared suspended from the ceiling of the arena being lowered to a red lounger[50]—a prop she also used during the 2003 MTV VMAs. The footage taken in London's Wembley Arena in the United Kingdom is included in the Live at Wembley concert DVD that was released on April 27, 2004. Knowles performed the song midway through the set list of her former group Destiny's Child farewell tour Destiny Fulfilled ... And Lovin' It, and it subsequently appeared on the Destiny's Child: Live in Atlanta concert DVD.[51]

In addition, "Baby Boy" was a part of Knowles set list on The Beyoncé Experience in Los Angeles and I Am... Tour.[52] On August 5, 2007, Knowles performed the song at the Madison Square Garden in Manhattan, wearing a belly-dancer-type outfit.[53][54] She descended the staircase holding an umbrella and was met by three guys wearing fatigues.[54] A short section of the reggae classic "Murder She Wrote" was incorporated into "Baby Boy".[54] Jon Pareles of The New York Times praised the performance, stating, "Beyoncé needs no distractions from her singing, which can be airy or brassy, tearful or vicious, rapid-fire with staccato syllables or sustained in curlicued melismas. But she was in constant motion, strutting in costumes."[53] In Los Angeles at the Staples Center on September 2, 2007, Knowles again sang "Baby Boy" incorporating sections of "Murder He Wrote". She was dressed in a belly dancing outfit. The performance was executed with several female and male backup dancers, and live instrumentation.[55] Knowles also tried to re-produce the dance she executed in the music video of the song as she started chanting the thiord verse of "Baby Boy".[51]

When Knowles performed the song in Sunrise, Florida on June 29, 2009, she was wearing a glittery gold leotard. When her performance began, she was suspended in the air, and then lowered to the B-Stage to where she finished singing "Baby Boy" with an excerpt from Dawn Penn's "You Don't Love Me (No, No, No)". As she sang, animated graphics of turntables, faders and other club equipment were projected behind the dancers and musicians.[56] Knowles was accompanied by two drummers, two keyboardists, a percussionist, a horn section, three imposing backup vocalists called the Mamas and a lead guitarist, Bibi McGill.[57] "Baby Boy" was included as on her live albums The Beyoncé Experience Live (2007),[58] and the deluxe edition of I Am... World Tour (2010).[59] At the 2005 ASCAP Pop Music Awards, "Baby Boy", along with Knowles' other songs - "Me, Myself and I" and "Naughty Girl" - were recognized as three of the most performed songs of 2004.[60] "Baby Boy" was last performed by Knowles in a pink fringe dress at a concert at Palais Nikaïa in Nice, France, on June 20, 2011,[61] and at the 2011 Glastonbury Festival on June 26, 2011, where Knowles brought out British trip-hop singer Tricky to guest on the song.[62]

[edit] Copyright infringement lawsuit

In 2005, US singer-songwriter Jennifer Armour filed a copyright infringement lawsuit, claiming that Knowles had used some lyrics and the musical hook from her song "Got a Little Bit of Love for You".[63][64][65] In 2003, Armour's former label manager had submitted a demo recordings to record labels, including Knowles' Columbia Records and Sean Paul's Atlantic Records.[66][67] According to the district court, an Expert witness (Chair, Dept. of Music Theory & Composition, Shepherd School of Music, Rice University) determined the songs to be "substantially similar" (a requirement for an infringement finding). With regard to the musical hook, the Expert stated in his report, "When the aural comparisons of the two songs are presented in the key of C Minor (for easy comparison) and presented back-to-back, in A–B–A–B fashion, even the least musically inclined listener should immediately determine that the two songs are strikingly similar; I daresay that many listeners may even perceive them as being the same song! And again, transposing a song for this purpose does not alter any fundamental qualities or characteristics of the song but merely assists the ability of those unfamiliar with the technicalities of music in making a comparison." The district court judge nonetheless ruled that she, herself, could not hear the similarities between the two songs and dismissed the case, denying the motion for the songs or case to be heard by a jury.[65]

On appeal, the United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit affirmed the district court's ruling, but ruled with different reasoning. It held that there was no infringement based on Knowles' claim that Armour's demo tape was received shortly after the writing of Knowles' song had been substantially completed. However, the court did not address the issue of substantial similarity.[67][68]

[edit] Formats and track listing

  • 12" Maxi single[40]
  1. "Baby Boy" (Album version) – 4:04
  2. "Baby Boy" (Junior Vasquez Club Anthem Remix) – 8:50
  3. "Baby Boy" (Maurice's Nu Soul Mix) – 6:14
  4. "Baby Boy" (Maurice's Nu Dub Baby!) – 6:30
  • German CD single[17]
  1. "Baby Boy" (Album Version) – 4:04
  2. "Baby Boy" (Junior's Padapella) – 3:58
  • European Maxi CD[69]
  1. "Baby Boy" (Album Version) – 4:04
  2. "Baby Boy" (Maurice's Nu Soul Mix) – 6:14
  3. "Baby Boy" (Junior's Padapella) – 3:58
  4. "Krazy In Luv" (Adam 12 So Crazy Remix) – 4:30

[edit] Charts and certifications

[edit] Weekly charts

Chart (2003-04) Peak
position
Australian ARIA Singles Chart[40] 3
Austrian Singles Chart[40] 18
Belgian Singles Chart (Flanders)[40] 11
Belgian Singles Chart (Wallonia)[69] 7
Danish Singles Chart[40] 6
Dutch Top 40[40] 8
European Hot 100 Singles[70] 3
French Singles Chart[40] 8
German Singles Chart[40] 4
Irish Singles Chart[71] 6
Italian Singles Chart[40] 12
New Zealand Singles Chart[41] 2
Norwegian Singles Chart[40] 10
Swedish Singles Chart[40] 5
Swiss Singles Chart[40] 5
UK Singles Chart[72] 2
US Billboard Hot 100[73] 1
US Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs[73] 1
US Hot Dance Club Play[74] 2
US Pop Songs[75] 1

[edit] Year-end charts

Chart (2003) Peak
position
Australian Singles Chart[76] 32
Australian Urban Singles Chart[76] 16
Belgian Singles Chart (Flanders)[77] 77
Belgian Singles Chart (Wallonia)[78] 83
Dutch Top 40[79] 74
Italian Singles Chart[80] 42
Swiss Singles Chart[81] 29
UK Singles Chart[82] 97
US Billboard Hot 100[83] 12
US Hot R&B/Hip Hop Songs[84] 16
US Pop Songs[85] 14
US Rhythmic Songs[86] 13
Chart (2004) Peak
position
Australian Urban Singles Chart[87] 35
US Billboard Hot 100[88] 69

[edit] Decade-end charts

Chart (2000-09) Peak
position
US Billboard Hot 100[89] 38

[edit] Certifications

Region (provider) Certifications
Australia (ARIA) Platinum[42]
United States (RIAA) Platinum[34]

[edit] Chart precession and succession

Preceded by
"Frontin'" by Pharrell featuring Jay-Z[90]
Billboard Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs number-one single[91]
September 27, 2003 – October 25, 2003
Succeeded by
"Stand Up" by Ludacris featuring Shawnna[92]
Preceded by
"Shake Ya Tailfeather" by Nelly, P. Diddy and Murphy Lee[93]
Billboard Hot 100 number-one single[94]
October 4, 2003 – November 29, 2003
Preceded by
"Just the Way You Are" by Milky[95]
Billboard Hot Dance Airplay number-one single[96]
November 15, 2003
Succeeded by
"Something Happened on the Way to Heaven" by Deborah Cox[97]

[edit] References

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  91. ^
    • "Billboard: The International Newsweekly Of Music, Video And Home Entertainment". Billboard (Nielsen Business Media) 115 (39): 35. September 27, 2003. ISSN 00062510. 
    • "Billboard: The International Newsweekly Of Music, Video And Home Entertainment". Billboard (Nielsen Business Media) 115 (40): 39. October 4, 2003. ISSN 00062510. 
    • "Gloria Estefan celebrates a career milestone selling 70 million records!". Billboard (Nielsen Business Media) 115 (41): 57. October 11, 2003. ISSN 00062510. 
    • "Billboard: The International Newsweekly Of Music, Video And Home Entertainment". Billboard (Nielsen Business Media) 115 (42): 23. October 18, 2003. ISSN 00062510. 
    • "Billboard: The International Newsweekly Of Music, Video And Home Entertainment". Billboard (Nielsen Business Media) 115 (43): 29. October 25, 2003. ISSN 00062510. 
  92. ^
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      • "Yes 35. Once upon a time: Rock moved to the front of the stage. Music became epic. 35 years later... YES are keeping it that way". Billboard (Nielsen Business Media) 115 (44): 35. November 1, 2003. ISSN 00062510. 
    • For Billboard Hot 100 chart:
      • "Billboard: The International Newsweekly Of Music, Video And Home Entertainment". Billboard (Nielsen Business Media) 115 (49): 70. December 6, 2003. ISSN 00062510. 
  93. ^ "Billboard: The International Newsweekly Of Music, Video And Home Entertainment". Billboard (Nielsen Business Media) 115 (39): 80. September 27, 2003. ISSN 00062510. 
  94. ^
    • "Billboard: The International Newsweekly Of Music, Video And Home Entertainment". Billboard (Nielsen Business Media) 115 (40): 80. October 4, 2003. ISSN 00062510. 
    • "Gloria Estefan celebrates a career milestone selling 70 million records!". Billboard (Nielsen Business Media) 115 (41): 94. October 11, 2003. ISSN 00062510. 
    • "Billboard: The International Newsweekly Of Music, Video And Home Entertainment". Billboard (Nielsen Business Media) 115 (42): 60. October 18, 2003. ISSN 00062510. 
    • "Billboard: The International Newsweekly Of Music, Video And Home Entertainment". Billboard (Nielsen Business Media) 115 (43): 74. October 25, 2003. ISSN 00062510. 
    • "Yes 35. Once upon a time: Rock moved to the front of the stage. Music became epic. 35 years later... YES are keeping it that way". Billboard (Nielsen Business Media) 115 (44): 96. November 1, 2003. ISSN 00062510. 
    • "Billboard: The International Newsweekly Of Music, Video And Home Entertainment". Billboard (Nielsen Business Media) 115 (45): 60. November 8, 2003. ISSN 00062510. 
    • "From Mexico: Banda El Recodo De Cruz Lizárraga. A 65 Year Legacy". Billboard (Nielsen Business Media) 115 (46): 82. November 15, 2003. ISSN 00062510. 
    • "Billboard: The International Newsweekly Of Music, Video And Home Entertainment". Billboard (Nielsen Business Media) 115 (47): 70. November 22, 2003. ISSN 00062510. 
    • "José José: Mexico's Prince of Song". Billboard (Nielsen Business Media) 115 (48): 66. November 29, 2003. ISSN 00062510. 
  95. ^ "Billboard: The International Newsweekly Of Music, Video And Home Entertainment". Billboard (Nielsen Business Media) 115 (45): 29. November 8, 2003. ISSN 00062510. 
  96. ^ "From Mexico: Banda El Recodo De Cruz Lizárraga. A 65 Year Legacy". Billboard (Nielsen Business Media) 115 (46): 49. November 15, 2003. ISSN 00062510. 
  97. ^ "Billboard: The International Newsweekly Of Music, Video And Home Entertainment". Billboard (Nielsen Business Media) 115 (47): 36. November 22, 2003. ISSN 00062510. 

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