Bandar Abbas
Bandar Abbas
بندر عباس گامبرون | |
|---|---|
City | |
 | |
| Nickname: The Crab Port | |
| Country |  Iran |
| Province | Hormozgan |
| County | Bandar Abbas |
| Bakhsh | Central |
| Settled | prior to 600 B.C. |
| Elevation | 9 m (30 ft) |
| Population (2012) | |
| • Total | 426,323 |
| Time zone | UTC+3:30 (IRST) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC+4:30 (IRDT) |
| Postal code | 79177 |
| Area code | (+98) 0761 |
| Website | bacity |
Bandar Abbas ⓘ (Persian: بندرعباس) or Bandar-e ‘Abbās (Persian: بندر عباس), also romanized as Bandar ‘Abbās, Bandar ‘Abbāsī, and Bandar-e ‘Abbās; formerly known as Cambarão and Porto Comorão to Portuguese traders, as Gombroon to English traders and as Gamrun or Gumrun to Dutch merchants,[1] is a port city and capital of Hormozgān Province on the southern coast of Iran, on the Persian Gulf. The city occupies a strategic position on the narrow Straits of Hormuz, and it is the location of the main base of the Iranian Navy. Bandar Abbas is also the capital and largest city of Bandar Abbas County. At the 2006 census, its population was 367,508, with 89,404 families.[2]
History and etymology
Bandar Abbas has always been a port, and as such its various names have all addressed this function. The most common name over time (Gameroon) has traditionally been said to derive from Persian gümrük, customhouse (from Late Greek kommerkion, from Latin commercium, "commerce"), but is now speculated to be from Persian kamrūn, shrimp (which in Portuguese is camarão, similar to the former Portuguese name).[3]
Ancient history
The earliest record of Bandar Abbas is during the reign of Darius the Great (between 586 and 522 B.C.). Darius's commander, Silacus, embarked from Bandar Abbas to India and the Red Sea
During Alexander's conquest of the Persian Empire, Bandar Abbas was known under the name of Hormirzad.
Descendants of Gameronians
In the year 630 CE, Maharaja Derbar Raja of Gemeron was defeated in battle and escaped to Ceylon, and he was later blown off course by a storm to the remote shores of Kuala Sungai Qilah, Kedah (now Malaysia). The inhabitants of Kedah found him to be a valiant and intelligent person, and they made him the king of Kedah. In the year 634 CE, a new kingdom was formed in Kedah consisting of Persian royalty and native Malay of Hindu faith, the capital was Langkasuka. (see Kedah Sultanate and Early history of Kedah)
Early modern period
By the 16th century, Bandar Abbas was known as Gamrūn to the Persians. In 1565, a European navigator called it Bamdel Gombruc (that is, Bandar Gümrük, or "Customhouse Port"), citing this as the Persian and Turkish name.Bandar Abbas was conquered by the Portuguese in 1514,and was an important to protect their commerce in the Persian Gulf and India.[4][5] They named the city Comorão,due to the presence of lobsters and crabs on its shores.
In 1614, Comorão was taken by ‘Abbās the Great from the Portuguese and renamed Bandar-e ‘Abbās, or "Port of ‘Abbās". Backed by the English navy, ‘Abbās developed Bandar-e ‘Abbās (known to the English-speaking world as Gombraun) into a major port.
By 1622, the Portuguese and English names had been officially combined to form Combrù or Combu, although the inhabitants still called it Bandar-e ‘Abbās. Sir Thomas Herbert said the official English name was Gumbrown, but pronounced "gŏmrōōn". He wrote in 1630 that "some (but I commend them not) write it Gamrou, others Gomrow, and othersome Cummeroon."
By the 1670s, the city was known as 'Gameroon
From 1740 onward, control of the town was sold to various Arab rulers, and from c. 1780 it was controlled by Muscat (now a governorate of Oman). In 1868, during Oman's decline, the town reverted to Persian rule.
Modern history
In the 1980s, the name "Gameron" was changed in favor of "Bandar Abbas", following similar movements with Iranian names (see Iran naming convention).
Bandar Abbas serves as a major shipping point for mostly imports, and has a long history of trade with India, particularly the port of Surat. Thousands of tourists visit the city and nearby islands including Qeshm and Hormuz every year.
Bandar Abbas was a small fishing port of about 17,000 people in 1955, prior to initial plans to develop it as a major harbor. By 2001, it had grown into a major city. It has a population of 450,000 (2011 estimate).
Geography
Bandar Abbas is situated on flat ground with an average altitude of 9 m (30 ft) above sea level. The nearest elevated areas are Mt. Geno, 17 km (11 mi) to the north, and Mt. Pooladi, 16 km (10 mi) to the northwest of the city. The closest river to Bandar Abbas is the River Shoor, which is rooted from Mt. Geno and pours into the Persian Gulf, 10 km (6 mi) east of the city. Also, south if the city, the island of Qeshm is present.
Climate
Bandar Abbas has a hot and humid, but dry hot desert climate (Köppen climate classification BWh). Maximum temperature in summers can reach up to 49 °C (120 °F) while in winters the minimum temperature may drop to 5 °C (41 °F). The annual rainfall is around 170 millimetres (6.7 in) and the relative humidity is 65%.
| Climate data for Bandar Abbas | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 32.0 (89.6) |
33.0 (91.4) |
39.0 (102.2) |
42.0 (107.6) |
47.0 (116.6) |
51.0 (123.8) |
48.0 (118.4) |
46.0 (114.8) |
45.0 (113.0) |
42.0 (107.6) |
38.0 (100.4) |
32.0 (89.6) |
51.0 (123.8) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 23.5 (74.3) |
24.4 (75.9) |
27.7 (81.9) |
31.6 (88.9) |
36.3 (97.3) |
38.4 (101.1) |
38.2 (100.8) |
37.7 (99.9) |
36.8 (98.2) |
35 (95) |
30.4 (86.7) |
25.5 (77.9) |
32.13 (89.83) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 18.1 (64.6) |
19.4 (66.9) |
23.1 (73.6) |
26.8 (80.2) |
31.2 (88.2) |
33.7 (92.7) |
34.4 (93.9) |
34.0 (93.2) |
32.5 (90.5) |
29.6 (85.3) |
24.3 (75.7) |
19.7 (67.5) |
27.2 (81.0) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 12.1 (53.8) |
14 (57) |
17.5 (63.5) |
20.9 (69.6) |
24.7 (76.5) |
28 (82) |
30.3 (86.5) |
30.1 (86.2) |
27.7 (81.9) |
23.5 (74.3) |
18 (64) |
13.5 (56.3) |
21.69 (71.04) |
| Record low °C (°F) | 3.0 (37.4) |
5.4 (41.7) |
7.6 (45.7) |
11.5 (52.7) |
17.0 (62.6) |
20.0 (68.0) |
25.2 (77.4) |
25.0 (77.0) |
21.0 (69.8) |
12.0 (53.6) |
6.0 (42.8) |
2.0 (35.6) |
2.0 (35.6) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 39.7 (1.56) |
47.5 (1.87) |
34.8 (1.37) |
10.7 (0.42) |
4.8 (0.19) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.6 (0.02) |
2.2 (0.09) |
0.8 (0.03) |
1.3 (0.05) |
5.0 (0.20) |
24.0 (0.94) |
171.4 (6.74) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) | 3.3 | 3.1 | 2.6 | 1.3 | 0.2 | 0 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.4 | 2.3 | 13.7 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 64 | 68 | 67 | 64 | 61 | 64 | 68 | 69 | 67 | 64 | 61 | 63 | 65 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 220.1 | 211.9 | 224.9 | 242.4 | 312.7 | 302.2 | 264.6 | 270.1 | 270.1 | 283.4 | 251.2 | 228.8 | 3,082.4 |
| Source: NOAA (1961-1990) [6] | |||||||||||||
Transportation
Bandar Abbas International Airport has capacity and facilities for landing large transport airplanes.
Roads
Bandar Abbas is accessible via the following highways:
Bandar Abbas-Sirjan, 300 km (186 mi) to the northeast.- Bandar Abbas-Kerman, 484 km (301 mi) to the northeast.
- Bandar Abbas-Shiraz, 650 km (404 mi) to the north.
- Bandar Abbas-Zahedan, 722 km (449 mi) to the east.
Rail
Since 1993, Bandar Abbas has been the endpoint of Islamic Republic of Iran Railways' main North-South corridor that links it to Yazd, Qom, Tehran and Qazvin to the north.
Language
Original Bandaris (residents of Bandar Abbas) speak Bandari (بندری), a dialect of Persian. Bandari has loanwords from various European languages (e.g. tawāl, "towel") and Arabic (e.g. atā [اتى], "to come"), Persian and Kurdish
Products
Exports
- Transit goods, dates, citrus, tobacco, fishery; Bandar Abbas was formerly famous for its export of Iranian pottery, known as "gombroon".
Sports
Aluminium Hormozgan is Bander Abbas's main Football team. The team was founded in 2006 and currently plays in the Iran Pro League.
Education
University
- Bandar Abbas University of Medical Sciences
- University of Hormozgan
- Islamic Azad University of Bandar Abbas
See also
- 2005 Qeshm earthquake
- Bandar Abbas International Airport
- Bastak
- Bushehr
- History of Iran
- Iran Air Flight 655
- ISOICO
- Kookherd
- Zār
Notes
- ^ Bandar Abbas can be found at GEOnet Names Server, at this link, by opening the Advanced Search box, entering "-3055107" in the "Unique Feature Id" form, and clicking on "Search Database".
- ^ "Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1385 (2006)" (Excel). Statistical Center of Iran. Archived from the original on 2011-09-20.
- ^ Hobson Jobson Dictionary
- ^ Iran tourism and touring official wabsite,Bandar Abbas
- ^ SalamIranProvince of Bandar Abbas
- ^ "Bandar Abass 1961-1990". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved December 29, 2012.
References
- . الكوخردى ، محمد ، بن يوسف، (كُوخِرد حَاضِرَة اِسلامِيةَ عَلي ضِفافِ نَهر مِهران) الطبعة الثالثة ،دبى: سنة 199۷ للميلاد Mohammed Kookherdi (1997) Kookherd, an Islamic civil at Mehran river, third edition: Dubai
- . کامله،القاسمی، بنت شیخ عبدالله، (تاریخ لنجة) مکتبة دبي للتوزیع، الامارات: الطبعة الثانية عام ۱۹۹۳ للمیلاد
- . الوحیدی الخنجی، حسین بن علی بن احمد، «تاریخ لنجه» ، الطبعة الثانية دبی: دار الأمة للنشر والتوزیع، ۱۹۸۸ للمیلاد
- . اطلس گیتاشناسی استانهای ایران [Atlas Gitashenasi Ostanhai Iran] (Gitashenasi Province Atlas of Iran)
External links
- Bandar Abbas on Iran Chamber Society (www.iranchamber.com)
- Bandar Abbas Port
- www.hums.ac.ir/english/province/hormozgan english/bandar_abbas.htm
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- Cities in Hormozgan Province
- Cities in Iran
- Former Portuguese colonies
- History of Hormozgan Province
- Iranian provincial capitals
- Populated coastal places in Iran
- Populated places in Bandar Abbas County
- Port cities and towns in Iran
- Port cities and towns of the Arabian Sea
- Port cities and towns of the Persian Gulf