Pakatan Rakyat

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People's Pact
Pakatan Rakyat
تحالف الناس
人民联盟
மக்கள் கூட்டணீ
Leader Anwar Ibrahim
Lim Kit Siang
Nik Abdul Aziz Nik Mat
Founded April 1, 2008
Headquarters Petaling Jaya, Malaysia (DAP & PKR)
Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (PAS)
Membership  (as of May 2011) Parti Keadilan Rakyat.pngDemocratic Action Party logo.pngPAS logo.svg
People's Justice Party (PKR)
Democratic Action Party (DAP)
Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party (PAS)
Ideology Social justice, Progressive, Social democracy, moderate Islamism, Public welfare, Left-wing
Parliament:
82 / 222
State Assemblies:
206 / 576
Politics of Malaysia
Political parties
Elections
Malaysia

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Pakatan Rakyat or PR (English: People's Pact / People's Alliance is an informal Malaysian political coalition. It currently controls four state governments while in opposition to the ruling Barisan Nasional at the federal level.

The political coalition was formed by the People's Justice Party (PKR), Democratic Action Party (DAP), and Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party (PAS) on April 1, 2008, after the 12th Malaysian general election. They had formed the Barisan Alternatif (Alternative Front) previously in the 10th general election. On April 20, 2010, the Sarawak National Party (SNAP) officially joined as a member of the Pakatan Rakyat after being expelled from Barisan Nasional and again on May 6, 2011 SNAP declared to quit Pakatan Rakyat.[1]

The former three parties had worked together in the 12th Malaysian general election, in which they gained control of five state assemblies and made significant gains at the federal level, denying the Barisan Nasional a two-third majority in the federal parliament. With the establishment of the Pakatan Rakyat coalition, the state governments of Kelantan, Kedah, Penang and Selangor are known as the Pakatan Rakyat state governments. The government of Perak was under Pakatan until February 2009, when Barisan Nasional claimed power by defecting of 3 Pakatan's state assembly member as independent member who support the Barisan Nasional ruling, causing a constitutional crisis which end up with the winning of Barisan Nasional following the judgement of the federal court.

Pakatan Rakyat is to be collectively led and managed by all constituent parties and pledges to uphold the rights and interests of all Malaysians. Each political party in People's Alliance has its own ideology; PKR promotes its ideals that revolves around social justice and anti-corruption themes, PAS with its aim to establish Malaysia as a nation based on Islamic legal theory and DAP with its secular, multi-racial, social democratic ideals.

Contents

[edit] History

The 'Big Three Of Pakatan Rakyat'. (From left: Lim, Anwar, Abdul Hadi)

The Pakatan Rakyat is a maturing development of the concept, of Barisan Rakyat (English: People's Front), that was created during the election campaign of the 12th Malaysian general election in 2008. Barisan Rakyat was the banner and policy position document which a group of Malaysian opposition political parties (DAP, PKR, PAS, PSM, MDP and PASOK) endorsed and coalesced around for that election.

PKR, DAP and PAS have also won in the recent general elections 41, 73, and 86 seats, respectively, in the various state assemblies.

As of 2009, Pakatan Rakyat remains an informal coalition. The media has reported that Malaysian law only allows the registration of a coalition comprising seven parties or more. However, former de facto Law Minister Zaid Ibrahim, who coordinates the activities of the PR secretariat, has said "In fact in all our daily activities we are already acting as members of Pakatan and not just members of PKR, PAS or DAP." The media has reported that PR leaders "are understood to be in talks with several political parties to join the alliance."[2] In October 2009, the Registrar of Societies stated that Pakatan could formally register as a coalition, as "The condition does not apply to political parties as they enjoy a national status. Only [a] state-level organisation aspiring to become a national entity needs to have seven members from the states."[3] On 9 October 2009, Lim Kit Siang announced that Pakatan would seek to register itself as a formal coalition in light of this clarification.[4] On 4 November 2009, Pakatan officials told the press that they had submitted a formal application to the Registrar of Societies, naming Zaid as the chairman of the alliance.[5] PKR MP Tian Chua publicly denied this, saying the coalition had not yet decided on a constitution, logo, or leadership structure.[6]

Zaid has issued a statement on Pakatan's ideology, stating that in government, it would introduce anti-discrimination laws, set up a social safety net, establish a new education policy aimed at producing competitive graduates, especially among the Malays and Bumiputra, repeal the Internal Security Act and Printing Presses and Publications Act, amend the Official Secrets Act and Sedition Act to limit the government's power, and reform law enforcement institutions like the courts, the Royal Malaysian Police, and the Malaysian Anti-Corruption Commission. Zaid also said that the proposed anti-discrimination law would not require the repeal or amendment of Article 153 of the Constitution.[7] Zaid has also request Dato' Nik Aziz to become the chairman of Pakatan Rakyat instead of Anwar Ibrahim or Hadi Awang.

[edit] Policies

Main article: Buku Jingga

Pakatan Rakyat basic framework policies are:

  • Transparent and genuine democracy
  1. Constitutional nation and rule of law
  2. Separation of power
  3. Free, clean and fair election system
  • Driving a high performance, sustainable and equitable economy
  1. High skill economy
  2. Decentralisation and empowerment of the states' economic management
  3. Affirmative policy based on requirements
  4. Labour
  5. Social protection network
  6. Housing
  7. Infrastructure and public facilities
  8. Environment
  • Social justice and human development
  1. Solidarity and social justice
  2. Religion
  3. Education
  4. Women and family institutions
  5. Youth
  6. Security
  7. Health
  8. Culture
  • Federal-State relationship and foreign policy
  1. Federal system
  2. Sabah and Sarawak
  3. Foreign policy

Pakatan Rakyat further their policy through the introduction of 'Orange Book', also known as Buku Jingga, which outlining the policies together with Pakatan.

[edit] Frontbench Committees

On 2 July 2009, Pakatan Rakyat announced a list of its Members of Parliament who would shadow individual ministries. DAP Member of Parliament Tony Pua stated that this front bench would explicitly not be a Shadow Cabinet because the Malaysian Parliament does not recognise the institution of a Shadow Cabinet.[8]

Portfolio PKR Member PAS Member DAP Member Actual Minister
Prime Minister's Department

Anwar Ibrahim (Leader of the Opposition)
Mohamed Azmin Ali
Sivarasa Rasiah
Abdul Khalid Ibrahim
William Leong
Kesavan a/l Shamugom
Fuziah Salleh

Abdul Hadi Awang
Nasharudin Mat Isa
Salahuddin Ayub
Hatta Ramli
Dzulkifli Ahmad
Taib Azamuddin
Khalid Samad

Lim Kit Siang
Ngeh Koo Ham
Hiew King Chiew
John Fernandez

Mohd Najib bin Tun Razak (Prime Minister)
Muhyiddin Yassin (Deputy Prime Minister)
Koh Tsu Koon
Nazri Aziz
Nor Mohamed Yakcop
Jamil Khir Baharom
Idris Jala
Ministry of Home Affairs Johari Abdul Salahuddin Ayub Karpal Singh Hishammuddin Tun Hussein
Ministry of Finance Mohamed Azmin Ali Dzulkifli Ahmad Lim Guan Eng

Mohd Najib bin Tun Razak (Minister of Finance I)
Ahmad Husni Hanadzlah (Minister of Finance II)
Ministry of Transport Zahrain Mohamed Hashim Khalid Samad Tan Kok Wai Chan Kong Choy
Ministry of Works Kamarul Bahrin Abbas Mahfuz Omar Gobind Singh Deo Shaziman Abu Mansor
Ministry of Plantation Industries and Commodities Rashid Din Wan Abd Rahim Wan Abdullah Er Teck Hwa Bernard Dompok
Ministry of Energy, Green Technology and Water Chua Tian Chang Mohd Nasir Zakaria Charles Anthony Santiago Peter Chin Fah Kui
Ministry of International Trade and Industry William Leong Mohd Hatta Ramli Teresa Kok Mustapa Mohamed
Ministry of Agriculture and Agro-based Industry Ahmad Kassim Taib Azamuddin Md Taib Sim Tong Him Noh Omar
Ministry of Domestic Trade, Co-operatives and Consumerism Azan Ismail Mohd Abdul Wahid Endut Jeff Ooi Ismail Sabri Yaakob
Ministry of Education Yusmadi Yusoff Che Uda Che Nik Chong Eng Muhyiddin Yassin
Ministry of Information, Communications and Culture Amran Abdul Ghani Mahfuz Omar Teo Nie Ching Rais Yatim
Ministry of Human Resources Abdullah Sani Abdul Hamid Muhammad Husin M Kulasegaran Subramaniam Sathasivam
Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation Nurul Izzah Anwar Che Rosli Che Mat Chow Kon Yeow Maximus Ongkili
Ministry of Housing and Local Government Hee Loy Sian Siti Mariah Mahmud Nga Kor Ming Kong Cho Ha
Ministry of Defence Saifuddin Nasution Ismail Mohammad Nizar Jamaluddin Liew Chin Tong Ahmad Zahid Hamidi
Ministry of Rural and Regional Development Ab Aziz Ab Kadir Abdul Halim Abdul Rahman M Manogaran Mohd Shafie Apdal
Ministry of Foreign Affairs Sivarasa Rasiah Kamarudin Jaafar P Ramasamy Anifah Aman
Ministry of Youth and Sports [ - ] Mohd Firdaus bin Jaafar Anthony Loke Siew Fook Ahmad Shabery Cheek
Ministry of Health Lee Boon Chye Mohd Hayati Othman Tan Seng Giaw Liow Tiong Lai
Ministry of Women, Family and Community Development Zuraida Kamaruddin Siti Zailah bt Mohd Yusuf Fong Po Kuan Shahrizat Abdul Jalil
Ministry of Tourism Manikavasagam a/l Sundaram Wan Abd Rahim Wan Abdullah Fong Kui Lun Ng Yen Yen
Ministry of the Federal Territories Wee Choo Keong Lo' Lo' Haji Mohd Ghazali Lim Lip Eng Raja Nong Chik Zainal Abidin
Ministry of Higher Education Zulkifli Nordin Salahuddin Ayub Tony Pua Mohamed Khaled Nordin
Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment N Gobalakrishnan Mujahid Yusof Rawa Chong Chien Jen Douglas Uggah Embas

[edit] Component parties

People's Pact General Chief: Yang Berhormat Datuk Seri Anwar Ibrahim (Opposition Leader)

[edit] Elected representatives

Pie chart representing proportion of parliament seats won by contesting parties.

[edit] Dewan Negara (Senate)

Senators:

  • Selangor
    • Dr Syed Husin Ali (PKR)
    • Ramakrishnan a/l Suppiah (DAP)


[edit] Dewan Rakyat (House of Representatives)

Parliamentary results map of Malaysian general election 2008

Members of Parliament:

  • Current total numbers of MP = 80 (after included SAPP MPs)

[edit] Pakatan Rakyat state governments

[edit] See also

[edit] References

  1. ^ SNAP quits Pakatan
  2. ^ Lau, Leslie (2009-07-31). "Pakatan parties will seal pact, says Zaid". The Malaysian Insider. http://www.themalaysianinsider.com/index.php/malaysia/33811-pakatan-parties-will-seal-pact-says-zaid. Retrieved 2009-07-31. 
  3. ^ "ROS: Pakatan can register as a single party". Malaysiakini. 2009-10-08. http://malaysiakini.com/news/114553. Retrieved 2009-10-08. 
  4. ^ "Pakatan Rakyat to register as a coalition". The Malaysian Insider. 2009-10-09. http://www.malaysianinsider.com/index.php/malaysia/39878-pakatan-rakyat-to-register-as-a-coalition. Retrieved 2009-10-09. 
  5. ^ "Zaid to helm Pakatan Rakyat". Malaysiakini. 2009-11-04. http://malaysiakini.com/news/116688. Retrieved 2009-11-05. 
  6. ^ Ghazali, Rahmah (2009-11-05). "No decision on 'Zaid to lead Pakatan', yet". Malaysiakini. http://malaysiakini.com/news/116744. Retrieved 2009-11-05. 
  7. ^ Lau, Leslie (2009-08-10). "Zaid outlines blueprint for Pakatan government". The Malaysian Insider. http://www.themalaysianinsider.com/index.php/malaysia/34702-zaid-outlines-blueprint-for-pakatan-government. Retrieved 2009-08-10. 
  8. ^ Pathmawathy, S (2009-07-02). "Pakatan forms 'cabinet' committees". Malaysiakini. http://malaysiakini.com/news/107680. Retrieved 2009-07-02. 
  9. ^ Titiwangsa MP Dr Lo’ Lo’ dies. The Malaysian Insider. Retrieved 2011-7-19

[edit] External links
National Front
(DN: 54, DR: 136)
Pakatan Rakyat
(DN: 8, DR: 80)
Other parties
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