Barton Swing Aqueduct
| Barton Swing Aqueduct | |
|---|---|
 |
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| The Barton Swing Aqueduct in the closed position | |
| Carries | Bridgewater Canal |
| Crosses | Manchester Ship Canal |
| Location | Barton upon Irwell |
| OS grid reference | |
| Designer | Sir Edward Leader Williams |
| Number of spans | Two (Central Pivot) |
| Total length | 330 feet (100 m) |
| Boats can pass? | Only Narrowboats |
| Towpath(s) | None |
| Completion date | 1893 |
| Opening date | 1894 |
| Heritage status | Grade II* |
| Coordinates | 53°28′29″N 2°21′08″W / 53.4748°N -2.3521°ECoordinates: 53°28′29″N 2°21′08″W / 53.4748°N -2.3521°E |
The Barton Swing Aqueduct is a moveable navigable aqueduct in Barton upon Irwell in Greater Manchester, England. It carries the Bridgewater Canal across the Manchester Ship Canal. The swinging action allows large vessels using the Manchester Ship Canal to pass underneath and smaller narrowboats to cross over the top. The aqueduct, which is the first and only swing aqueduct in the world,[1] is a Grade II* listed building[2] and is considered a major feat of Victorian civil engineering.[2][3] Designed by Sir Edward Leader Williams and built by Andrew Handyside of Derby, the swing bridge opened in 1894 and remains in regular use.
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[edit] History
The Barton Swing Aqueduct was a direct replacement for the earlier Barton Aqueduct, a stone structure crossing the River Irwell. The original stone aqueduct was designed by James Brindley and dated from 1761; it was described as "one of the seven wonders of the canal age".[4]
The construction of the Manchester Ship Canal in the 1890s necessitated the replacement of this structure, as the height of ships using the new ship canal would make them too large to pass under the original aqueduct.[4] An alternative scheme involving the use of a double lock flight was not used, because of the need to conserve water in the Bridgewater canal above.[5]
The new aqueduct was designed by Sir Edward Leader Williams,[2] engineer to the Manchester Ship Canal Company, and built by Andrew Handyside of Derby. It became operational with the first barge crossing it on 21 August 1893. The aqueduct was commercially opened on 1 January 1894.[6] Williams was also involved with the Anderton Boat Lift, another moving canal structure in the region.
[edit] Operation
The aqueduct is a form of swing bridge. When closed, it allows canal traffic to pass along the Bridgewater Canal. When large vessels need to pass along the Ship Canal, the 1,450-tonne[3] and 330-foot (100 m) long iron trough[4] is rotated 90 degrees on a pivot mounted on a small, purpose-built island in the Ship Canal. A gate at each end of the trough retains around 800 tonnes of water; further gates on each bank retain water in their adjacent stretches of canal.[3] The aqueduct once had a suspended towpath along its length; this has been removed in recent years on grounds of safety.
The structure is located adjacent to, and upstream of, the Barton Road Swing Bridge. The two bridges are controlled from a brick control tower on an island in the centre of the Ship Canal. The island supports the pivot points for the rotating structures. When in the open positions, the aqueduct and road bridge line up along the length of the island, allowing ships to traverse along each side of the ship canal.[5][7]
[edit] See also
[edit] References
- ^ Anon (2009). "Northwest firsts - facts and figures". Industrial Powerhouse. http://www.industrialpowerhouse.co.uk/site/media/facts-and-figures. Retrieved 5 September 2010.
- ^ a b c "Barton Swing Aqueduct". Images of England. http://www.imagesofengland.org.uk/Details/Default.aspx?id=212993. Retrieved 20 January 2008.
- ^ a b c "Facts and Figures". Manchester Ship Canal. http://www.clydeport.co.uk/index.php?site_id=6&page_id=381. Retrieved 1 October 2007.
- ^ a b c Nevell 1997, p. 135.
- ^ a b Ryall 2000, p. 686.
- ^ "The Manchester Ship Canal: a brief history.." (PDF). Clydeport.co.uk. http://www.clydeport.co.uk/cms_uploaded/MSC_History.pdf. Retrieved 20 January 2008.
- ^ "Barton Swing Aqueduct". The Tourist Engineer. 15 June 2008. http://engineer.openguides.org/?Barton_Swing_Aqueduct. Retrieved 20 January 2010.
[edit] Bibliography
- Nevell, Mike (1997). The Archaeology of Trafford. Trafford Metropolitan Borough with University of Manchester Archaeological Unit. ISBN 1-870695-25-9
- Ryall, M. J. (2000). The Manual of Bridge Engineering. Thomas Telford. ISBN 0-7277-2774-5. http://books.google.com/?id=8PGk81gtCywC&dq=bridgewater+canal
- Cossons, Neil (1987). The Bp Book of Industrial Archaeology. David & Charles PLC
- Fletcher, John C. (1992). The History and Operation of Barton Swing Aqueduct. John & Margaret Fletcher. ISBN 0-9519058-0-5
[edit] External links
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