Bathytoma

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Bathytoma
Temporal range: Paleocene - Recent
Shell of Bathytoma luehdorfi (Lischke, 1872)
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Mollusca
Class: Gastropoda
Subclass: Caenogastropoda
Order: Neogastropoda
Superfamily: Conoidea
Family: Borsoniidae
Genus: Bathytoma
Harris & Burrows, 1891 [1]
Type species
Murex cataphracta
Brocchi, G.B., 1814
Synonyms[2]
  • Bathytoma (Micantapex) Iredale, 1936
  • Bathytoma (Parabathytoma) Shuto, 1961
  • Bathytoma (Riuguhdrillia) Oyama, 1951
  • Dolichotoma Bellardi, 1875 (invalid: junior homonym of Dolichotoma Hope, 1839 [Coleoptera]; Bathytoma is a replacement name)
  • Micantapex Iredale, 1936
  • Parabathytoma Shuto, 1961
  • Riuguhdrillia Oyama, 1951

Bathytoma is a genus of deep-water sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Borsoniidae.[2]

Fossil records[edit]

This genus is known in the fossil records from the Paleocene to the Quaternary (age range: from 55.8 to 0.781 million years ago). Fossils are found in the marine strata throughout the world.[3]

Distribution[edit]

This marine species occurs in the Eastern Indian Ocean (Madagascar, Mozambique, South Africa); off Indonesia, New Caledonia, Panglao Island, Sulu Sea, Vanuatu, Wallis and Futuna, Bohol, Kerala, New Zealand, Philippines, Sea of Japan; off Australia (New South Wales, Queensland, Victoria, Western Australia). They are all known from deep waters from 100 m to about 1500 m, but usually at 200–700 m.

Description[edit]

The lines of specific distinction appear to be drawn narrowly in this genus and to depend chiefly upon sculpture. The novelty appears intimately related to Bathytoma engonia (Watson, 1881) [4] differing by the sharper keel, more elevated tubercles and generally coarser sculpture.[5]

The biconical or fusiform shell is medium-sized to rather large. Its periphery is smooth or nodose, angulate or keeled. The peripheral anal sinus is deep. The columella is somewhat swollen, sometimes showing a pleat. The paucispiral protoconch consists of 1 to 3 conical or globose whorls, smooth or with faint spiral striae. The operculum has a broadly oblanceolate to ovate shape, with an eccentric to terminal nucleus. The ground color of the shell is white to yellowish-brown.[6]

Their protoconch morphology seems to infer a non-planktotrophic larval development.[7]

Species[edit]

Species within the genus Bathytoma include:[2][3]

Species brought into synonymy
  • Bathytoma biconica Hedley, 1903: synonym of Benthofascis biconica (Hedley, 1903)
  • Bathytoma colorata Sysoev & Bouchet, 2001: synonym of Gemmuloborsonia colorata (Sysoev & Bouchet, 2001)
  • Bathytoma condonana F.M. Anderson & B. Martin, 1914: synonym of Megasurcula condonana (F.M. Anderson & B. Martin, 1914)
  • Bathytoma excavata Suter, 1917: synonym of † Austrotoma excavata (Suter, 1917)
  • Bathytoma sulcata excavata Suter, 1917 synonym of † Austrotoma excavata (Suter, 1917)
  • Bathytoma gratiosa Suter, 1908: synonym of Fenestrosyrinx gratiosa (Suter, 1908), synonym of Taranis gratiosa (Suter, 1908)
  • Bathytoma sarcinula Hedley, 1905: synonym of Benthofascis sarcinula (Hedley, 1905)
  • Bathytoma tremperiana (Dall, 1911): synonym of Megasurcula tremperiana (Dall, 1911)
  • Bathytoma tremperiana Dall, 1911: synonym of Megasurcula carpenteriana (Gabb, 1865)
  • Subgenus Bathytoma (Parabathytoma) Shuto, 1961 represented as Bathytoma Harris & Burrows, 1891
  • Bathytoma (Parabathytoma) helenae Kilburn, 1974 represented as Bathytoma helenae Kilburn, 1974
  • Bathytoma (Parabathytoma) visagei Kilburn, 1973 represented as Bathytoma visagei Kilburn, 1973
Fossil shell of Bathytoma cataphracta from Pliocene of Italy

References[edit]

  1. ^ Harris G. F. & Burrows H. W. (1891). The Eocene and Oligocene beds of the Paris basin. Geologists' Association, London 129 pp.: page(s): 113
  2. ^ a b c Bathytoma Harris & Burrows, 1891. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 12 August 2011.
  3. ^ a b Fossilworks
  4. ^ Watson — Journal Linnean Society, xv., 1881, p. 405
  5. ^ Hedley, C. & Petterd, W.P. 1906. Mollusca from three hundred fathoms, off Sydney. Records of the Australian Museum 6: 211-225
  6. ^ Kilburn R.N. (1986). Turridae (Mollusca: Gastropoda) of southern Africa and Mozambique. Part 3. Subfamily Borsoniinae. Annals of the Natal Museum. 27: 633-720 page(s): 639, figs 28-29, 33-34
  7. ^ Nicolas Puillandre, Alexander V. Sysoev, Baldomero M. Olivera, Arnaud Coulouxd & Philippe Bouchet, Loss of planktotrophy and speciation: geographical fragmentation in the deep-water gastropod genus Bathytoma (Gastropoda, Conoidea) in the western Pacific; Systematics and Biodiversity Volume 8, Issue 3, 2010 DOI:10.1080/14772001003748709
  • Harris G. F. & Burrows H. W. (1891). The Eocene and Oligocene beds of the Paris basin. Geologists' Association, London 129 pp.: page(s): 113
  • Wilson, B. 1994. Australian Marine Shells. Prosobranch Gastropods. Kallaroo, WA : Odyssey Publishing Vol. 2 370 pp.

External links[edit]

Media related to Bathytoma at Wikimedia Commons