Begonia

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For the Dutch coaster, see MV Begonia.
Begonia
Begonia cultivars
Scientific classification e
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Rosids
Order: Cucurbitales
Family: Begoniaceae
Genus: Begonia
L.
Species

See text
Wikispecies has information related to: Begonia

Begonia is a genus of perennial flowering plants. The genus contains about 1,400 different plant species. The Begonias are native to moist subtropical and tropical climates. Some species are commonly grown indoors as ornamental houseplants in cooler climates. In cooler climates some species are cultivated outside in summertime for their bright colorful flowers.

Pink flowering Begonia

Contents

Description [edit]

With around 1,500 species, Begonia is the sixth-largest angiosperm genus.[1] The species are terrestrial (sometimes epiphytic) herbs or undershrubs, and occur in subtropical and tropical moist climates, in South and Central America, Africa, and southern Asia. Terrestrial species in the wild are commonly upright-stemmed, rhizomatous, or tuberous. The plants are monoecious, with unisexual male and female flowers occurring separately on the same plant; the male contains numerous stamens, and the female has a large inferior ovary and two to four branched or twisted stigmas. In most species, the fruit is a winged capsule containing numerous minute seeds, although baccate fruits are also known. The leaves, which are often large and variously marked or variegated, are usually asymmetric (unequal-sided).

Horticultural nomenclature [edit]

The genus name Begonia, coined by Charles Plumier, a French patron of botany, honors Michel Bégon, a former governor of the French colony of Haiti.

The nomenclature of begonias can be very complex and confusing. The term 'picotee' refers to an edging on the petals that is in contrast to the colour of the main petal, if the colours blend. If they do not, then the term 'marginata' is used, but sometimes these terms are used simultaneously. [2] 'Non-Stop' refers to a camellia tuberous hybrid that under certain conditions will bloom 'non-stop' all year round.

Display of (tuberous) begonias, Hampton Court Flower Show

Because of their sometimes showy flowers of white, pink, scarlet, or yellow color and often attractively marked leaves, many species and innumerable hybrids and cultivars are cultivated. The genus is unusual in that species throughout the genus, even those coming from different continents, can frequently be hybridized with each other, and this has led to an enormous number of cultivars. The American Begonia Society classifies begonias into several major groups:

  • cane-like
  • shrub-like
  • tuberous
  • rhizomatous
  • semperflorens (wax or fibrous rooted begonias)
  • rex
  • trailing-scandent
  • thick-stemmed

For the most part, these groups do not correspond to any formal taxonomic groupings or phylogeny, and many species and hybrids have characteristics of more than one group, or do not fit well in any of them.

Binomial terms such as Begonia grandiflora, Begonia multiflora, and Begonia pendula do not refer to accepted species, but rather varieties of tuberous begonias.[3]

Cultivation [edit]

A potted angel wing begonia (Begonia aconitifolia × B. coccinea)

The different groups of begonias have different cultural requirements, but most species come from tropical regions, so they and their hybrids require warm temperatures. Most are forest understory plants and require bright shade; few will tolerate full sun, especially in warmer climates. In general, begonias require a well-drained growing medium that is neither constantly wet nor allowed to dry out completely. Many begonias will grow and flower year-round except for tuberous begonias, which usually have a dormant period. During this dormant period, the tubers can be stored in a cool, dry place. Begonias of the semperflorens group (or wax begonias) are frequently grown as bedding plants outdoors. A recent group of hybrids derived from this group is marketed as "Dragonwing" begonias; they are much larger both in leaf and in flower. Tuberous begonias are frequently used as container plants. Although most Begonia species are tropical or subtropical in origin, the Chinese species B. grandis is hardy to USDA hardiness zone 6 and is commonly known as the "hardy begonia". Most begonias can be grown outdoors year-round in subtropical or tropical climates, but in temperate climates, begonias are grown outdoors as annuals, or as house or greenhouse plants.

Most begonias are easily propagated by division or from stem cuttings. In addition, many can be propagated from leaf cuttings or even sections of leaves, particularly the members of the rhizomatous and rex groups.

The following begonia hybrids have gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit:-

  • 'Irene Nuss'[4] (cane-stem)
  • 'Ambassador Rose'[5] (semperflorens-cultorum)
  • 'Burle Marx'[6] (rhizomatous)
  • 'Expresso Rose'[7] (semperflorens-cultorum)
  • 'Expresso Scarlet'[8] (semperflorens-cultorum)
  • 'Illumination Orange'[9] (tuberhybrida)
  • 'Illumination Salmon Pink'[10] (tuberhybrida)
  • 'Marmaduke'[11] (rex)
  • 'Mikado'[12] (rex)
  • 'Munchkin'[13] (rhizomatous)
  • 'Olympia Starlet'[14] (semperflorens-cultorum)
  • 'Olympia White'[15] (semperflorens-cultorum)
  • 'Orange Rubra'[16] (cane-stem)
  • Party Series[17] (semperflorens-cultorum)
  • 'Pin Up'[18] (tuberhybrida)
  • 'Ricky Minter'[19] (rhizomatous)
  • 'Tiger Paws'[20] (rhizomatous)

Popular culture [edit]

The cultivar 'Kimjongilia' is a floral emblem of North Korea.

The Grateful Dead wrote the popular song "Scarlet Begonias".

In the 1993 American comedy Mrs. Doubtfire, a goat eats a begonia patch belonging to Miranda Hillard (played by Sally Field) during her son's birthday party.

Species and cultivars [edit]

Species [edit]

Species include:

Cultivars and cultivar groups [edit]

Gallery [edit]

  • Begonia aconitifolia

  • A flowering begonia

  • Begonia cultivars come in many different colours, such as yellow

  • A begonia leaf

  • A pair of blossoms, male and female

  • A nautilus-leaf form of begonia

References [edit]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Begoniaceae
  1. ^ David G. Frodin (2004). "History and concepts of big plant genera". Taxon 53 (3): 753–776. doi:10.2307/4135449. JSTOR 4135449. 
  2. ^ University of Vermont: Plant and Soil Science Department
  3. ^ 1er Jardin
  4. ^ http://apps.rhs.org.uk/plantselector/plant?plantid=2153
  5. ^ http://apps.rhs.org.uk/plantselector/plant?plantid=223
  6. ^ http://apps.rhs.org.uk/plantselector/plant?plantid=2146
  7. ^ http://apps.rhs.org.uk/plantselector/plant?plantid=2149
  8. ^ http://apps.rhs.org.uk/plantselector/plant?plantid=2150
  9. ^ http://apps.rhs.org.uk/plantselector/plant?plantid=2151
  10. ^ http://apps.rhs.org.uk/plantselector/plant?plantid=2152
  11. ^ http://apps.rhs.org.uk/plantselector/plant?plantid=2155
  12. ^ http://apps.rhs.org.uk/plantselector/plant?plantid=5167
  13. ^ http://apps.rhs.org.uk/plantselector/plant?plantid=2159
  14. ^ http://apps.rhs.org.uk/plantselector/plant?plantid=2160
  15. ^ http://apps.rhs.org.uk/plantselector/plant?plantid=2161
  16. ^ http://apps.rhs.org.uk/plantselector/plant?plantid=2162
  17. ^ http://apps.rhs.org.uk/plantselector/plant?plantid=227
  18. ^ http://apps.rhs.org.uk/plantselector/plant?plantid=2163
  19. ^ http://apps.rhs.org.uk/plantselector/plant?plantid=2164
  20. ^ http://apps.rhs.org.uk/plantselector/plant?plantid=2167
  21. ^ The Plant List

External links [edit]

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