Begum Hazrat Mahal

Begum Hazrat Mahal
Begum of Awadh
Begum Hazrat Mahal
Born	est. 1820[citation needed] Faizabad, Awadh, India
Died	1879 Kathmandu, Nepal
Religion	Islam

Begum Hazrat Mahal (Urdu: بیگم حضرت محل), also known as Begum of Awadh, was the first wife of Nawab Wajid Ali Shah.

Queen of Awadh

Her maiden name was Muhammadi Khanum and she was born at Faizabad, Awadh, India. She was a courtesan by profession and had been taken into the royal harem as a Khawasin, after being sold by her parents to Royal agents. Then promoted to a Pari. She became a Begum after being accepted as a royal concubine of the King of Oudh, and she was bestowed the title 'Hazrat Mahal' after the birth of their son, Birjis Qadra.

She was a junior wife of the last Tajdaar-e-Awadh, Wajid Ali Shah. The British had annexed Oudh in 1856 and Wajid Ali Shah was exiled to Calcutta. After, her husband was exiled to Calcutta, she took charge of the affairs of the state of Awadh despite her divorce from the Nawab which then was a large part of the current state of Uttar Pradesh, India.

First War of independence

During India’s First War of independence (1857–1858), Begum Hazrat Mahal led a band of her supporters against the British, and was even able to seize the control of Lucknow. She declared her son Birjis Qadra as the king of Oudh. When the forces under the command of the British re-captured Lucknow and most of Oudh, she was forced to retreat.

One of the principal complaints of Begum Hazrat Mahal was that the East India Company casually demolished temples and mosques in order to make way for roads. In a proclamation issued during the final days of the revolt, she mocked the British claim to allow freedom of worship:

"To eat pigs and drink wine, to bite greased cartridges and to mix pig's fat with sweetmeats, to destroy Hindu and Mussalman temples on pretense of making roads, to build churches, to send clergymen into the streets to preach the Christian religion, to institute English schools, and pay people a monthly stipend for learning the English sciences, while the places of worship of Hindus and Mussalmans are to this day entirely neglected; with all this, how can people believe that religion will not be interfered with?"

After the war

Ultimately, she had to retreat to Nepal, where she was initially refused asylum by the Rana prime minister Jang Bahadur but was later allowed to stay. She died there in 1879 and was buried in a nameless grave on the grounds of Kathmandu's Jama Masjid.

Begum Hazrat Mahal Park

Memorial of Begum Hazrat Mahal in Begum Hazrat Mahal Park, Lucknow

On 15 August 1962, she was honored at a simple yet serious ceremony in the old Victoria Park. A marble memorial was announced as open that was built by the state Government in the memory of the Begum as she played a very crucial role during the era of the first freedom movement in 1857. This memorial was adorned with strings of flowers and brightened by multi-colored bulbs and neon tubes. There is also a marble tablet that has four round brass plaques that bear the Coat of Arms of Awadh Royal Family.

It is located in the heart of the city, Begum Hazrat Mahal Park once used to be a rally ground. It’s been witness many Ravanas go up in fire during Dusshera and numerous Lucknow Mahotsavas have been hosted here. But what you see today is a totally different landmark, a walker’s paradise. With pathways that are interwoven into the beautiful, green landscaping in the Park, it’s also a visual delight of sorts. While the mornings are marked by scores of people walking at different paces, the evenings are relatively inactive at the park. But when the fountains go up and the lights turn on, it’s a sight most of can feast our eyes on. And one which comes as a relief from the mundane sight of the traffic zipping past it. It is on the crossing of B.H.M and opposite to hotel Clarks Avadh.

Commemorative stamp

Government of India issued a commemorative stamp in the honour of Begum Hazrat Mahal on 10 May 1984.

Notable Quotes

Here are few notable quotes on the Queen of Awadh - Begum Hazrat Mahal:

“	Hazrat Mahal, Begum of Oudh, during the national liberation uprising of 1857-59 in India headed the rebels.	”
—Karl Marx

^{[citation needed]}

“	... The Begum has excited all Oudh to take up the interest of her son, and the Chiefs have sworn to be faithful...	”
—Sir W. H. Russel

“	The Begums of Oudh have left an abiding mark on history of Oudh ...towards the close of the dynasty came ..... Hazrat Mahal, Judith of the Sepoy Mutiny, the ever more heroic consort of the still softer Wajid Ali Shah.	”
—Sir Jadunath Sarkar

“	She was a better man than her husband and lord.	”
—S. N. Sen

“	That the resolute and capable Begum still maintained, in spite of all these disorders, the whole administration in tact is a sure indication of her grit.	”
—Veer Savarkar

“	Begum Hazrat Mahal of Oudh was the last of the breed of able queens and generals. The queen led her kingdom's army into battle during the revolt of 1857. Even after she was defeated she defied Queen Victoria's famous Proclamation and issued a counter Proclamation....	”
—Qurratulain Hyder

“	She wiped out the blot of cowardice from the face of the ruling family of Avadh.	”
—Prince Anjum Quder

“	Begum Hazrat Mahal, Raja Jia Lal ....they were the lodestar of the first war of independence.	”
—Roshan Taqui, Lucknow 1857:The Two Wars

“	..who like Joan of Arc of 15th century France had challenged the hegemony of the British, fired hope in the sunken hearts, appeared from the unknown like a meteor and spread the flame of freedom in the length and breadth of Oudh.	”
—M. Kaukab Qadr

See also

• Awadh
• Nawab of Awadh
• Indian rebellion of 1857

External links

• Begum Hazrat Mahal Biography
• 1857 - India's Struggle for Freedom - Begum Hazrat Mahal
• People took charge in Awadh
• LUCKNOW IN 1857-58: THE EPIC SIEGE
• The 1857 Uprising in the History of Freedom Struggle
• Miserable condition of the grave of a warrior lady