Campanulaceae

Campanulaceae
Campanula cespitosa
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
(unranked):	Angiosperms
(unranked):	Eudicots
(unranked):	Asterids
Order:	Asterales
Family:	Campanulaceae Juss.
Genera
See text.

The family Campanulaceae (also bellflower family), of the order Asterales, contains about 2000 species in 70 genera of herbaceous plants, shrubs, and rarely small trees, often with milky non-toxic sap. Among them are the familiar garden plants Campanula (bellflower), Lobelia, and Platycodon (balloonflower).

This family is almost cosmopolitan but concentrated in the Northern Hemisphere. However in the Southern Hemisphere, South Africa is remarkably rich in members of this family. These species are absent in the Sahara, Antarctica and northern Greenland.

Most current classifications include the segregate family Lobeliaceae in Campanulaceae as subfamily Lobelioideae.

Description

Leaves are often alternate, more rarely opposite. They are also simple and without stipules.

Flowers are bisexual, bell-shaped, consisting of a narrow tube-like corolla with small spreading lobes. Many are blue.

Fruits are berries or capsules.

Subfamilies and genera

Campanuloideae

Adenophora Astrocodon Asyneuma Azorina Berenice Campanula Bellflower Canarina Codonopsis Craterocapsa Cryptocodon Cyananthus Cylindrocarpa Echinocodon Edraianthus Feeria Gadellia Githopsis Bluecup Gunillaea Hanabusaya Heterochaenia Heterocodon Homocodon Jasione Legousia Venus' Looking-glass Leptocodon Lightfootia

Merciera Michauxia Microcodon Musschia Namacodon Nesocodon Numaeacampa Ostrowskia Peracarpa Petromarula Physoplexis Phyteuma Platycodon Balloonflower Popoviocodonia Prismatocarpus Rhigiophyllum Roella Rollandia Sergia Siphocodon Symphyandra Theilera Trachelium Treichelia Triodanis Wahlenbergia Zeugandra

Lobelioideae

Apetahia Brighamia Burmeistera Centropogon Clermontia Cyanea Delissea Dialypetalum Diastatea Dielsantha Downingia Calicoflower Grammatotheca Heterotoma Hippobroma Howellia Hypsela Isotoma Laurentia = Isotoma, Solenopsis, Hippobroma

Legenere False Venus' Looking-glass Lobelia Lysipomia Monopsis Palmerella Porterella Pratia Ruthiella Sclerotheca Siphocampylus Solenopsis Trematocarpus Trematolobelia False Lobelia Trimeris Unigenes

Cyphioideae

Cyphia Cyphocarpus Nemacladus — Threadplant

Parishella Pseudonemacladus

Literature

• Lammers, T.G. (2007) World Checklist and Bibliography of Campanulaceae. Kew Publishing, Richmond, Surrey.
• Fedorov, A., & Kovanda, M. (1976) Campanulaceae. In Flora Europaea (T.G. Tutin, V.H. Heywood, N.A. Burges, D.M. Moore, D.H. Valentine, S.M. Walters, & D.A. Webb, Eds.), Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp 74-93.
• Borsch, T., Korotkova, N., Raus, T., Lobin, W., and Loehne, C. (2009) The petD group II intron as a genus and species level marker: Utility for tree inference and species identification in the diverse genus Campanula (Campanulaceae). In: Willdenowia, 39, 7-33. pdf online
• C. Roquet, L. Sáez, J. J. Aldasoro, S. Alfonso, M. L. Alarcón and N. Garcia-Jacas (2008) Natural delineation, molecular phylogeny and floral evolution in Campanula. Systematic Botany, 33, 203-217.
• M. E. Cosner, L. A. Raubeson, R. K. Jansen: „Chloroplast DNA rearrangements in Campanulaceae: phylogenetic utility of highly rearranged genomes“ In: BMC Evolutionary Biology 4(27)/2007, S. 1-17, online
• W. M. M. Eddie, T. Shulkina, J. Gaskin, R. C. Haberle & R. K. Jansen: Phylogeny of Campanulaceae s. str. inferred from ITS sequences of nuclear ribosomal DNA In: Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden. 90(4)/2003. S. 554–575

External links

• Topwalks
• L. Watson and M.J. Dallwitz (1992 onwards). The families of flowering plants: descriptions, illustrations, identification, information retrieval.
• Germplasm Resources Information Network
• Flowers in Israel
• Angiosperm Phylogeny Website