Bernard Haitink

London, Barbican Hall, Bernard Haitink and the London Symphony Orchestra.

Bernard Johan Herman Haitink, CH, KBE (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈbɛrnɑrd ˈhaːi̯tɪŋk]) (born 4 March 1929) is a Dutch conductor and violinist.

Early life

Haitink was born in Amsterdam, the son of Willem Haitink and Anna Haitink. He studied music at the conservatoire in Amsterdam. He played the violin in orchestras before taking courses in conducting under Ferdinand Leitner in 1954 and 1955.

Career

Haitink became second conductor of the Netherlands Radio Union Orchestra in 1955. He took the post of chief conductor of the Netherlands Radio Philharmonic in 1957. His conducting debut with the Concertgebouw Orchestra was on 7 November 1956, substituting for Carlo Maria Giulini. After the sudden death of Eduard van Beinum, Haitink was named first conductor of the Concertgebouw Orchestra on 1 September 1959. He became principal conductor of the Concertgebouw Orchestra in 1961, and shared that position jointly with Eugen Jochum until 1963, when Haitink became sole principal conductor. With the Concertgebouw Orchestra, Haitink made many recordings for the Philips label, and later Decca and EMI Classics, and toured widely with the orchestra.

In the early 1980s, Haitink threatened to resign his Concertgebouw post in protest at threatened reductions to its subsidy from the Dutch government, which could potentially have led to the dismissal of 23 musicians from the orchestra. The financial situation was eventually settled, and Haitink remained as chief conductor until 1988. In 1999, he was named the honorary conductor of the Royal Concertgebouw Orchestra. Outside of the Netherlands, Haitink was principal conductor of the London Philharmonic Orchestra from 1967 to 1979. Haitink also served as the music director at Glyndebourne Opera from 1978 to 1988.

He held the same position at the Royal Opera House, Covent Garden from 1987 to 2002, where he was praised for his musicianship, but received criticism for the degree of attachment to the entire organisation.

From 2002 to 2004, he was chief conductor of the Dresden Staatskapelle. His original contract with Dresden was through 2006, but Haitink resigned in 2004 over disputes with the Staatskapelle's Intendant, Gerd Uecker, on the orchestra's choice of successor.

Haitink served as principal guest conductor of the Boston Symphony Orchestra from 1995 to 2004, when he took on the new title of conductor emeritus. In addition, he has appeared with l'Orchestre National de France and London Symphony Orchestra. In the early 2000s, he recorded the complete Beethoven and Brahms symphony cycles with the London Symphony Orchestra live in concert; the releases were part of the orchestra's influential venture into self-produced recordings on the "LSO Live" label. The Beethoven cycle in particular won several awards. Haitink has also continued his long associations with the Vienna Philharmonic and Bavarian Radio Symphony Orchestra. Haitink is an honorary member of the Berlin Philharmonic.

In April 2006, after an acclaimed two-week engagement in March 2006 with the Chicago Symphony Orchestra (CSO), the CSO appointed Haitink to the newly created position of principal conductor, effective as of the 2006-2007 season. The duration of the contract is four years. Haitink had declined an offer from the CSO to be music director, citing his age. With respect to this contract, Haitink stated that "every conductor, including myself, has a sell-by date." He concluded his Chicago principal conductorship in June 2010, with a series of concerts of the complete Beethoven symphonies and the orchestra awarding to him the Theodore Thomas Medallion.

In 1977, he was awarded an honorary knighthood in the Order of the British Empire (KBE). In 2002, he was created an honorary Companion of Honour (CH). Musical America named Haitink its 2007 Musician of the Year.

Haitink has conducted and recorded a wide variety of repertoire, with the complete symphonies of Beethoven, Brahms, Schumann, Tchaikovsky, Bruckner, Mahler, Shostakovich and Vaughan Williams, and the complete piano concertos of Beethoven and Brahms with Claudio Arrau notable among his recordings. Haitink has made many recordings for several labels, including Philips Records, EMI Classics, Columbia Records, LSO Live, KCO Live, and CSO Resound. Other recordings include the complete orchestral works of Debussy, the two symphonies of Elgar, the three Mozart/Da Ponte operas, and Wagner's complete opera cycle Der Ring des Nibelungen.

Haitink formally stated in a 2004 article that he would no longer conduct opera, but he made exceptions in 2007, directing three performances of Parsifal in Zurich in March and April and five of Pelléas et Mélisande in Paris (Théâtre des Champs-Élysées) in June. He stated in 2004 that he did not plan to conduct again at the Royal Opera, Covent Garden. However, an April 2007 announcement stated that Haitink would return to the Royal Opera in December 2007, with the same Zurich production of Parsifal, and he fulfilled this engagement.

Personal life

Haitink has five children from his first marriage to Marjolein Snijder. He and his fourth wife, the former Patricia Bloomfield, a barrister and past viola player in the Covent Garden Opera orchestra, reside in Lucerne, Switzerland.

Awards and honours

• Honorary Knight Commander of the Order of the British Empire (UK, 1977)
• Honorary medal for Arts and Science of the Order of the House of Orange (Netherlands, 2000)
• Honorary Companion of Honour (UK, 2002)
• Award Vereniging van Schouwburg- en Concertgebouwdirecties (Netherlands, 2007)
• Grammy Award (USA, 2008)

Selected discography

Boston Symphony Orchestra:

• Brahms: Symphony No. 1, Nanie with the Tanglewood Festival Chorus (Philips, 1994)
• Brahms: Symphony No. 2 in D Major, Tragic Overture (Philips, 1990)
• Brahms: Symphony No. 3, Alto Rhapsody with Jard Van Nes with the men of the Tanglewood Festival Chorus (Philips, 1993)
• Brahms: Symphony No. 4 in E Minor, Haydn Variations (Philips, 1992)
• Brahms: Piano Concerto No. 2, with Emanuel Ax (Sony, 1997)
• Ravel: Daphnis and Chloe with Tanglewood Festival Chorus (Philips, 1989)
• Ravel: Ma Mere l'Oye, Menuet antique, Rapsodie espagnole, La Valse (Philips, 1995)
• Ravel: Alborada del Gracioso, Bolero, Le tombeau de Couperin, Valses nobles et sentimentales (Philips, 1996)

Chicago Symphony Orchestra:

• Mahler, Symphony No. 2 (2009)
• Mahler: Symphony No. 3 (2007)
• Mahler: Symphony No. 6 (2008)
• Shostakovich: Symphony No. 4 (2008)
• Richard Strauss: Ein Heldenleben (with Anton Webern: Im Sommerwind) (2010)

External links

• Bernard Haitink at Allmusic
• Bernard Haitink biography, Koninklijk Concertgebouworkest website
• Bernard Haitink biography at the Chicago Symphony

Interviews

• Bernard Haitink interview by Bruce Duffie, January 13, 1997

Preceded by Paul van Kempen	Principal Conductor, Netherlands Radio Philharmonic Orchestra 1957–1961	Succeeded by Jean Fournet
Preceded by John Pritchard	Music Director, Glyndebourne Opera Festival 1978–1988	Succeeded by Andrew Davis
Preceded by Colin Davis	Music Director, Royal Opera House, Covent Garden 1987–2002	Succeeded by Antonio Pappano
Preceded by Daniel Barenboim (music director)	Principal Conductor, Chicago Symphony Orchestra 2006–2010	Succeeded by Riccardo Muti (music director)