Bernard Knox

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Bernard Knox
Born 1914 (age 94–95)
Bradford, West Yorkshire, England
Occupation professor, author
Genres Classics
Notable work(s) The Norton Book of Classical Literature (1993); The Oldest Dead White European Males and Other Reflections on the Classics (1993); Introductions to The Iliad (1991), The Odyssey (1997), and The Aeneid (2006)
Notable award(s) Jefferson Lecture (1992)
Spouse(s) Bianca Van Orden

Bernard MacGregor Walker Knox (born 1914) is an American classicist, author, and critic born in England. He was the first director of the Center for Hellenic Studies.[1][2] In 1992 the National Endowment for the Humanities selected Knox for the Jefferson Lecture, the U.S. federal government's highest honor for achievement in the humanities.[3]

Contents

[edit] Biography

Knox was born in 1914 in the City of Bradford, Yorkshire, England. He received his B.A. from St John's College, Cambridge in 1936, joined the International Brigades in the Spanish Civil War, married the American novelist Bianca Van Orden in 1939, and served in the United States Army during World War II.[4] [5] He received an M.A. from Harvard, and a Ph.D. from Yale.[6]

Knox taught at Yale until 1961,[5] when he was appointed the first director of Harvard's Center for Hellenic Studies in Washington, D.C. After fulfilling a previous commitment to spend a year as Sather Lecturer at the University of California, Berkeley, Knox served as director of the Center from 1962 until his retirement in 1985.[1] Since then he has continued to write prolifically.

Knox is known for his efforts to make classics more accessible to the public.[7] In 1959 his translations of Oedipus the King were used to produce a series of television films for Encyclopedia Britannica and the Massachusetts Council for the Humanities, featuring the cast of the Canadian Stratford Shakespeare Festival.[8] He taught the poet Robert Fagles at Yale, and became Fagles's lifelong friend[9] and the author of the introductions and notes for Fagles's translations of Sophocles's three Theban plays, Homer's Iliad and Odyssey, and Virgil's Aeneid.[10] Reviewing the Fagles Iliad in The New York Times, classicist Oliver Taplin described Knox's 60-page introduction as "His Master's Voice, taking the best of contemporary scholarship and giving it special point and vividness, as only Mr. Knox can."[11]

Knox was the editor of The Norton Book of Classical Literature[12] and has also written extensively for The New York Review of Books.[2] Knox received the 1977 George Jean Nathan Award for Dramatic Criticism for one of his New York Review pieces, a review of Andrei Şerban's controversial Lincoln Center production of Agamemnon; the award committee described Knox's work as "a brilliant review of a major theatrical event" in which Knox "recognized that the director was attempting to solve the central problem of this play by finding a new way to express long passages of lyric language that have lost their immediacy for modern audiences."[6]

Knox is also known for his role in the controversy over similarities between Stephen Spender's World Within World and David Leavitt's While England Slept: it was Knox, reviewing Leavitt's book for The Washington Post, who first pointed out its similarities to Spender's older memoir (which Knox had reviewed in 1951).[13] This ultimately led to Spender suing Leavitt and forcing the withdrawal and revision of Leavitt's book.[14][15]

The National Endowment for the Humanities awarded Knox the Charles Frankel Prize in 1990,[7][16] and in 1992 it selected Knox for the Jefferson Lecture, the U.S. federal government's highest honor for achievement in the humanities.[17] Knox's lecture, which he gave the intentionally "provocative" title "The Oldest Dead White European Males",[18] became the basis for Knox's book of the same name, in which Knox defended the continuing relevance of classical Greek culture to modern society.[12]

[edit] Books

  • Bernard Knox, Cleanth Brooks, Maynard Mack, Tragic Themes in Western Literature: Seven Essays by Bernard Knox and Others (Yale University Press, 1955), ISBN 9780300003284.
  • Bernard Knox, Oedipus at Thebes (Yale University Press, 1957), reissued as Oedipus at Thebes: Sophocles' Tragic Hero and His Time (Yale University Press, 1998), ISBN 9780585376370.
  • Bernard Knox, The heroic temper: studies in Sophoclean tragedy (University of California Press, 1964), ISBN 9780520049574.
  • Bernard Knox, Word and Action: Essays on the Ancient Theater (1979) (reprint, Johns Hopkins University Press, 1986), ISBN 9780801834097
  • Bernard Knox, Essays Ancient and Modern (Johns Hopkins University Press, 1989), ISBN 9780801837890.
  • Bernard Knox, editor, The Norton Book of Classical Literature (Norton, 1993), ISBN 9780393034264.
  • Bernard Knox, The Oldest Dead White European Males and Other Reflections on the Classics (1993) (reprint, W. W. Norton & Company, 1994), ISBN 9780393312331.
  • Bernard Knox, Backing Into the Future: The Classical Tradition and Its Renewal (W.W. Norton, 1994), ISBN 9780393035957.

[edit] Selected introductions

  • Sophocles, tr. Robert Fagles, notes by Bernard Knox, The three Theban plays (Viking Press, 1982), ISBN 9780670698059.
  • Homer, tr. Robert Fagles, intro. Bernard Knox, The Iliad (Penguin Classics, 1991), ISBN 9780140445923.
  • Homer, tr. Robert Fagles, intro. Bernard Knox, The Odyssey (Penguin Classics, 1997), ISBN 9780140268867.
  • Virgil, tr. Robert Fagles, intro. Bernard Knox, The Aeneid (Viking, 2006), ISBN 9780670038039.
  • Moses I. Finley, intro. Bernard Knox, The World of Odysseus (New York Review of Books, 2002), ISBN 9781590170175.

[edit] References

  1. ^ a b History of the Center for Hellenic Studies at CHS website (retrieved May 26, 2009).
  2. ^ a b Bernard Knox author listing at New York Review of Books website (retrieved May 25, 2009).
  3. ^ Nadine Drozan, "Chronicle", New York Times, March 9, 1992.
  4. ^ Bernard Knox, "Premature Anti-Fascist" (retrieved May 15, 2009).
  5. ^ a b Hugh Lloyd-Jones, "The Oldest Dead White European Males-book reviews", National Review, June 7, 1993.
  6. ^ a b 1976-77: Bernard Knox biography at Previous Winners of the George Jean Nathan Award for Dramatic Criticism, Cornell University website.
  7. ^ a b "5 Arts Awards Announced", New York Times, September 2, 1990.
  8. ^ Barnes Filmography at Academic Film Archive website (retrieved May 26, 2009).
  9. ^ Chris Hedges, "Public Lives: A Bridge Between the Classics and the Masses", New York Times, April 13, 2004. This article quotes Fagles, then age 70, speaking of his relationship with Knox: "'He is very much the professor, and I am still the student,' he said with a smile. 'It is not his fault. I stand in awe of him. I cherish our friendship.'"
  10. ^ Charles McGrath,"Robert Fagles, Translator of the Classics, Dies at 74", New York Times, March 29, 2008.
  11. ^ Oliver Taplin, "Bringing Him Back Alive", New York Times, November 15, 1998.
  12. ^ a b Christopher Lehman-Haupt, "Books of The Times; Putting In a Word for Homer, Herodotus, Plato, Etc.", New York Times, April 29, 1993.
  13. ^ John Sutherland, Stephen Spender: a literary life (Oxford University Press US, 2005), ISBN 9780195178166, p.547, excerpt available at Google Books.
  14. ^ James Atlas, "Ideas & Trends; Who Owns a Life? Asks a Poet, When His Is Turned Into Fiction", New York Times, February 20, 1994.
  15. ^ Stephen Spender, "My Life Is Mine: It Is Not David Leavitt's", New York Times, September 4, 1994.
  16. ^ Charles Frankel Prize at NEH website (retrieved May 25, 2009).
  17. ^ Jefferson Lecturers at NEH Website (retrieved May 25, 2009).
  18. ^ Nadine Drozan, "Chronicle", New York Times, May 6, 1992.
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