Beta wave
Beta wave, or beta rhythm, is the term used to designate the frequency range of human brain activity between 12 and 30 Hz (12 to 30 transitions or cycles per second). Beta waves are split into three sections: High Beta Waves (19 Hz+); Beta Waves (15–18 Hz); and Low Beta Waves (12–15 Hz). Beta states are the states associated with normal waking consciousness.
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[edit] Function
Low amplitude beta waves with multiple and varying frequencies are often associated with active, busy, or anxious thinking and active concentration.
Over the motor cortex beta waves are associated with the muscle contractions that happen in isotonic movements and are suppressed prior to and during movement changes.[1] Bursts of beta activity are associated with a strengthening of sensory feedback in static motor control and reduced when there is movement change.[2] Beta activity is increased when movement has to be resisted or voluntarily suppressed.[3] The artificial induction of increased beta waves over the motor cortex by a variety of Transcranial magnetic stimulation called Transcranial alternating-current stimulation consistent with its link to isotonic contraction produces a slowing of motor movements.[4]
[edit] See also
[edit] Other brain waves
- Delta wave – (0.1–4 Hz)
- Theta wave – (4–7 Hz)
- Alpha wave – (8–12 Hz)
- Mu wave – (8–13 Hz)
- Gamma wave – (25–100 Hz)
[edit] References
- ^ Baker, SN (2007). "Oscillatory interactions between sensorimotor cortex and the periphery". Current opinion in neurobiology 17 (6): 649–55. doi:10.1016/j.conb.2008.01.007. PMC 2428102. PMID 18339546. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=2428102.
- ^ Lalo, E; Gilbertson, T; Doyle, L; Di Lazzaro, V; Cioni, B; Brown, P (2007). "Phasic increases in cortical beta activity are associated with alterations in sensory processing in the human". Experimental brain research. Experimentelle Hirnforschung. Experimentation cerebrale 177 (1): 137–45. doi:10.1007/s00221-006-0655-8. PMID 16972074.
- ^ Zhang, Y; Chen, Y; Bressler, SL; Ding, M (2008). "Response preparation and inhibition: the role of the cortical sensorimotor beta rhythm". Neuroscience 156 (1): 238–46. doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2008.06.061. PMC 2684699. PMID 18674598. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=2684699.
- ^ Pogosyan, A; Gaynor, LD; Eusebio, A; Brown, P (2009). "Boosting cortical activity at Beta-band frequencies slows movement in humans". Current biology : CB 19 (19): 1637–41. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2009.07.074. PMC 2791174. PMID 19800236. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=2791174.
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