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Suggest pagesBhadra Wildlife Sanctuary
| Bhadra Wildlife Sanctuary & Project Tiger Reserve | |
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IUCN Category II (National Park)
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| Location | Chikmagalur District and Shimoga district, India |
| Nearest city | Chikmagalur, India |
| Coordinates | 13°28′N 75°40′E / 13.467°N 75.667°ECoordinates: 13°28′N 75°40′E / 13.467°N 75.667°E |
| Area | 492.46 km2 |
| Established | 1974 |
| Governing body | Government of Karnataka |
Bhadra Wildlife Sanctuary is 38 km. northwest of Chikmagalur town in Karnataka state. It extends from 13° 25' and 13° 50' N latitude to 75° 15' and 75° 50' E longitude[1]. The elevation gradient (from 750 m to 2100 m above sea level). The sanctuary is surrounded by Mullaianagiri, Hebbegiri, Gangegiri and Bababudangiri hills and has the tributaries of the Bhadra river flowing through it. The western border of the sanctuary abuts the back waters of the Bhadra Reservoir which has a catchment area of 1,968 km2, surrounded by scenic hills and steep slopes.[2]
Jagara village is located very near to the Bhadra wildlife sanctuary. Bhadra Tiger reserve has a wide range of flora and fauna. This is an amazing place for the day outing. HebbeGiri is the highest peak in the sanctuary, which stands at a height of around 1875 meters.
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[edit] How to reach
Bhadravathi and Tarikere are two nearby cities for the sanctuary. Many metropolitan cities are well connected to Bhadravthi city. From Bhadravathi many town service buses are there to reach both Bhadra Dam and Bhadra WLS.
[edit] Biology and ecology
Bhadra Wildlife Sanctuary is a biodiversity hotspot. It consists of dry deciduous, moist deciduous and semi evergreen forests.[1]
[edit] Flora
Teak, rosewood, mathi, honne, nandi, tadasalu, kindal, medicinal plants, bamboo.[2]
[edit] Fauna
Tiger, leopard,[3] wild dog, jackal, elephant, gaur, sloth bear, sambar, and spotted deer, barking deer, mouse deer, wild boar, common langur, bonnet macaque, slender loris and the malabar giant squirrel. Some of the reptiles commonly sighted in this park are common vine snake, King Cobra, common cobra, Russell's Viper, bamboo pit viper, rat snake, olive keelback, common wolf snake, common Indian monitor, draco or gliding lizards and marsh crocodiles. Among the small carnivores found in the Bhadra Wildlife Sanctuary are Leopard cat, Rusty spotted cat, Ruddy Mongoose, Striped-necked Mongoose and Otters.[4]
[edit] Avian-fauna
It has more than 300 species of birds, some endemic to this region and some migratory.[3] Some of the species found in Bhadra are grey junglefowl, red spurfowl, painted bush quail, emerald dove, southern green imperial pigeon, great black woodpecker, Malabar parakeet and hill myna, the ruby-throated bulbul, shama, Malabar trojon, Malabar whistling thrush, four species of hornbill, racquet-tailed drongo.
[edit] Butterflies
Yam flies, baronets, crimson rose, southern bird wing, tailed jay, great orange tip, bamboo tree brown, and blue pansy.
Census figures for Bhadra
1993 1997
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Tiger 25 33
Leopard 11 21
Elephant 161 203
Gaur 139 186
Chital 780
Sambar 518
Bonnet Macacque 248
Wildboar 470
Muntjac 749
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Bhadra Reservoir and River Tern Islands Chikmagalur
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Reservoir with River Tern Islands Chikmagalur
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Bhadra WLS Chikmagalur
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Rose ringed Parakeet or Common Parrot, Bhadra WLS Chikmagalur
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Lemon Pansy butterflies mating, Bhadra WLS Chikmagalur
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Common Baron, Bhadra WLS Chikmagalur
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River Tern nestling learning to fly, Bhadra WLS Chikmagalur
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Gaur Bison (male), Bhadra WLS Chikmagalur
[edit] Climate
It received a mean annual rainfall of 1044.3 mm during the 13-year period 1992–2004. The temperature in the area varies around 23.93 ºC.[1]
[edit] Conservation history
The area was first declared as Jagara Valley Wildlife sanctuary in 1951 by the then government of Mysore covering an area of 77.45 km2. After a systematic survey of the flora and the fauna of the area and its surroundings, the area was extended to its present extent in 1974.[2] The Wildlife Sanctuary was identified as project tiger site in 1998. Bhadra is the first tiger reserve in the country to have a successful rehabilitation. The original relocation plan was introduced in 1974 and was implemented completely in 2002 when the 26 villages in the Bhadra Wildlife Sanctuary were successfully relocated to M C Halli which is around 50 km from Bhadra Wildlife Sanctuary. [3]
[edit] Concerns
Growing human population in the 26 villages that are close to the sanctuary and encroachment in areas surrounding Bhadra Wildlife Reserve. This Livestock population and grazing by the thousands of cattle that belong to the villagers. Livestock carry diseases like foot and mouth disease to the herbivours in the park. During the 1989-99 time period, rinderpest wiped out most of the Gaur population, which numbered more than a thousand, reducing the population to its present numbers. With proactive programs of inoculating local cattle, the population of Gaur is again on the rise. The other concerns due to closeness of the population is procurement of Non Timber Forest Produce for commercial Purposes and the procurement of timber for firewood. These affect the health of the forest in a long run. The other large threats are fishing and illegal poaching of wild animals.[5]
Tunga-Bhadra Lift Irrigation Project. This project promises to bring water to the rainshadow areas of Chikmagalur district by transferring water from Tunga river to Bhadra River, but poses a threat of disturbance to the natural habitat.
[edit] References
- ^ a b c y l, Krishnamurthy, Vegetation structure and floristic composition of a tropical dry deciduous forest in Bhadra Wildlife Sanctuary, Karnataka, India, http://www.tropecol.com/pdf/open/PDF_51_2/Jour-9.pdf
- ^ a b c d "bhadra on project tiger". http://projecttiger.nic.in/bhadra.htm. Retrieved 2011-03-09.
- ^ a b c k karanth, krithi, Economic and Political Weekly, http://www.duke.edu/~kkk3/EPW.pdf, retrieved 2011-03-12
- ^ Kumar, H N; Mewa Singh (November 2006). "Small Carnivores Of Karnataka: Distribution And Sight Records". Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society (Bombay Natural History Society) 104: 155–162.
- ^ D karanth, krithi, Forest use and human-wildlife conflicts in Bhadra Wildlife Sanctuary, Karnataka, India, http://www.metaglyfix.com/gallery/Bulletin2003%20(linked).pdf#page=50, retrieved 2011-03-12
[edit] Other links
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Bhadra Wildlife Sanctuary |
- A captivating image of 2 tigers staring at an adult Gaur in Bhadra Tiger Reserve
- 'Wildlifing in Bhadra' Article on Bhadra Tiger Reserve, published in Sunday Herald (Deccan Herald), Bangalore, July 1, 2001.
- Fact sheet of Bhadra Tiger Reserve by Wildlife Protection Society of India (WPSI).
- 'End of conflict' A story on the once man-animal conflict in Bhadra Sanctuary.
- Excellent images from Bhadra Tiger Reserve
- WildLife conservation in Bhadra
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