Bhojpuri language

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Bhojpuri
भोजपुरी bhōjapurī
Spoken in	India, Nepal, Mauritius, Netherlands, Fiji, Guyana, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Barbados, Trinidad and Tobago, Singapore, United States, United Kingdom, Réunion, Suriname
Region	Nepal, Bihar, Uttar Pradesh, Jharkhand, Assam, Delhi, Madhya Pradesh, West Bengal
Total speakers	170 million (1997)Global
Language family	Indo-European Indo-Iranian Indo-Aryan Eastern Group Bihari Bhojpuri
Writing system	Devanagari, Kaithi
Language codes
ISO 639-1	bh
ISO 639-2	bho
ISO 639-3	bho
This page contains Indic text. Without rendering support you may see irregular vowel positioning and a lack of conjuncts. More...

Bhojpuri ( pronunciation (help·info)) is a regional language spoken in parts of north-central and eastern India. It is spoken in the western part of state of Bihar, the northwestern part of Jharkhand, and the Purvanchal region of Uttar Pradesh, as well as an adjoining area of southern plains of Nepal. Bhojpuri is also spoken in Guyana, Suriname, Fiji, Trinidad and Tobago and Mauritius. The variant of Bhojpuri of the Surinamese Hindustanis, is also referred to Sarnami Hindi or just Sarnami when it is mixed with (Creole) English or Dutch words. In Guyana and Trinidad a smaller percentage of the Indians know Bhojpuri compared to Suriname.

The Bhojpuri language is part of the Eastern-Hindi or Begali continuum of languages which once exended from Assam and Begal to Benares. While the rest of Bihar and UP slowly adopted the new Hindi standard, the language remained strong in the areas between Patna and Benares. The government of India while taking census, disagree, and consider Bhojpuri to be a dialect of Hindi. But now the government of India is preparing to grant it statutory status as a national scheduled language.

Bhojpuri shares vocabulary with Sanskrit, Hindi, Urdu and other Indo-Aryan languages of northern India. Bhojpuri and several closely related languages, including Maithili and Magadhi, are together known as the Bihari languages. They are part of the Eastern Zone group of Indo-Aryan languages which includes Bengali and Oriya.

There are numerous dialects of Bhojpuri, including three or four in eastern Uttar Pradesh alone.

The scholar, polymath and polyglot Mahapandit Rahul Sankrityayan wrote some works in Bhojpuri.^[1] Other eminent writers include Viveki Rai. There have been other writers who have written in Bhojpuri but the number is small compared to the number of speakers. Some other notable Bhojpuri personalities are legendary freedom fighter Swami Sahajanand Saraswati, first president of India Rajendra Prasad, Manoj Bajpai, and former Indian prime minister Lal Bahadur Shastri, Chandra Shekhar. Bihar Kokila Padma Shri Sharda Sinha is a famous Bhojpuri folk singer.

Contents 1 Number of speakers 2 Bhojpuri literature 3 Writing scripts 3.1 Kaithi 3.2 Nasta'liq (Persian) 3.3 Devanagari 4 Comparison of Dialects of Bhojpuri 5 Introduction to usage and features 5.1 Spoken trends 5.2 Pronunciation of words 5.3 Trend of word formation 5.4 Comparison of pronouns in Hindi dialects 6 Common words 6.1 Weekdays 6.2 Numericals 6.3 Fruits and Vegetables 6.4 Colors 6.5 Measurements 6.6 Family Relations 6.7 Some Idioms (khisa pacheesa) 6.8 Bhojpuri Samples 7 Bhojpuri in Nepal 8 Literature 9 See also 10 References 11 External links

[edit] Number of speakers

According to an article published in Times of India, an estimated 70 million people of Uttar Pradesh and a further 80 million people in Bihar speak Bhojpuri as their first or second language. There are 6 million Bhojpuri speaking people are living outside the Bhojpuri heartlands of Bihar and Purvanchal. These areas include Nepal, especially Birgunj, Mauritius, Fiji, Suriname, Guyana, Uganda, Singapore, Trinidad & Tobago, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Great Britain, and the United States. This makes the total Bhojpuri speaking population in the world close to 150 million.[1] It means if government of India grants Bhojpuri the status of language which is in process it will become third most spoken language in India after Hindi and Bengali which will surprising to many of the Indians.

However, the official figures as per the Census of India 2001 are much lower. The census counts 33 million people in India to be speakers of the Bhojpuri dialect under the Hindi language sub-family.^[2]

Bhojpuri dialects, varieties, and creoles are also spoken in various parts of the world, including Brazil, Fiji, Guyana, Mauritius, South Africa, Suriname, and Trinidad and Tobago. During the late 1800s and early 1900s, many colonizers had faced labor shortages and were unable to obtain slaves from Africa due to the abolition of slavery; thus, they imported many Indians as indentured servants to labor on plantations. Today, many Indians in the West Indies, Oceania, and South America still speak Bhojpuri as a native or second language.

The Bhojpuri language has been heavily influenced by other languages in many parts of the world. Mauritian Bhojpuri includes many Creole and English words, while the one spoken in Trinidad & Tobago has picked up some Caribbean words along with English.

[edit] Bhojpuri literature

The Bhojpuri-speaking region, due to its rich tradition of creating leaders for building post-independence India such as first President Dr. Rajendra Prasad followed by many eminent politicians and humanitarians like Dr. Krishna Dev Upadhyaya, was never devoid of intellectual prominence which is evident in its literature.

Bhojpuri became one of the basis of the development of the official language of independent India, Hindi, in the past century. Bhartendu Harishchandra, who is considered the father of literary Hindi, was greatly influenced by the tone and style of Bhojpuri in his native region. Further development of Hindi was taken by prominent laureates such as Mahavir Prasad Dwivedi and Munshi Premchand from the Bhojpuri-speaking region. Bhikhari Thakur, known as the Shakespeare of Bhojpuri, has also given theater plays including the classics of Bidesiya. Pioneer Dr. Krishna Dev Upadhyaya from Ballia district devoted 60 years to researching and cataloging Bhojpuri folklore. Dr. H. S. Upadhyaya wrote the book Relationships of Hindu family as depicted in Bhojpuri folksongs (1996). Together they have cataloged thousands of Bhojpuri folksongs, riddles and proverbs from the Purvanchal U.P, Bihar, Jharkand and Chotta Nagpuri districts near Bengal.

The Bhojpuri literature has always remained contemporary. It was more of a body of folklore with folk music and poems prevailing. Literature in the written form started in the early twentieth century. During the British era, then known as the "Northern Frontier Province language", Bhojpuri adopted a patriotic tone and after independence it turned to community. In later periods, following the low economic development of the Bhojpuri-speaking region, the literary work is more skewed towards the human sentiments and struggles of life.

In the present era, the Bhojpuri literature is marked by the presence of writers and poets like Anand Sandhidoot, Pandeya Kapil and Ashok Dwivedi, Editor of the popular Bhojpuri magazine Paati (Ballia), Onkareshwar Pandey (writer & Editor of world's first Bhojpuri news weekly, from Delhi) and others. In Maurititus, Dr. Sarita Boodhoo from the Mauritius Bhojpuri Institute has done volumes of work in following the Bhojpuri culture and language and documenting the indentured labourers' arrival on the island. Manoj Bhawuk came into limelight for his literary work in Bhojpuri Tasveer Zindagi ke and for his contributions in development of Bhojpuri Literature. In the United States, Sailesh Mishra, another contemporary Bhojpuri activist, poet and writer has been credited as the founder of Bhojpuri Association of North America (BANA) in 2005 and for his contributions in promoting Bhojpuri language and culture across the globe. He is also popularly known as the Creator of Bhojpuri Express Network (BEN) for uniting the online Bhojpuri community on the Internet. Further an avid Bhojpuri evangelist, Avinash Tripathi founded Bhojpuri Association of India (BHAI) in 2008 to represent the voice of Bhojpuri all over world. Newly associated and prominent part of this Bhojpuri literature is the Bhojpuri Sahitya Sammelan magazine with Arunesh Niran as its editor and Dr. Uday Prakash Pandey as co-editor. These people met a glory of reinvoking the links of Bhojpuri of Mauritius and India. There are many more efforts to avail the deserved value for Bhojpuri.

[edit] Writing scripts

Bhojpuri over the course of time has been written in various scripts by various people. Bhojpuri until late 19th century was commonly written in Kaithi script as well as Nasta'liq (Persian) script.

Mention of Bhojpuri literature cannot be complete without Bhikhari Thakur and his immemorial Bidesia. However, it is unforunate that no conscious attempt is being made to preserve his literature which is mainly in various folklores.

[edit] Kaithi

Kaithi script was used for administrative purposes in the Mughal era for writing Bhojpuri, Maithili, Bangla, Urdu, Magahi and Hindi from at least 16th century up to the first decade of 20th century. Government gazetteers report that Kaithi was used in a few districts of Bihar through the1960s.It is possible that Kaithi is still used today in very limited capacity in these districts and in rural areas of north India. The significance of Kaithi grew when the British governments of the Bengal Presidency (of which Bihar and some southern districts of Nepal was territory) and the NorthWestern Provinces & Oudh (hereafter, NWP&O) selected the script for use in administration and education. The first impetus of growth was the standardization of written Kaithi in 1875 by the government of NWP&O for the purpose of adapting the script for use in formal education. The second was the selection of Kaithi by the government of Bihar as the official script of the courts and administrative offices of the Bihar districts in1880.Thereafter; Kaithi replaced the Persian script as the writing system of record in the judicial courts of Bihar. Additionally, on account of the rate of literacy in Kaithi, the governments of Bihar and NWP&O advocated Kaithi as the medium of written instruction in their primary schools.

[edit] Nasta'liq (Persian)

Before 1880 all the administrative works in Bihar was done in this Persian script and possibly all the educated Muslims in the Bhojpuri speaking region wrote unofficial works in Nasta'liq script.

[edit] Devanagari

By 1894, official works were carried out in both Kaithi and Devanagari in Bihar which probably started giving way to replacement of Kaithi completely by Devanagari. At present almost all the Bhojpuri works are done in Devanagari even in the overseas islands where Bhojpuri is spoken.

[edit] Comparison of Dialects of Bhojpuri

[edit] Introduction to usage and features

Many speakers of North Indian languages find the unique, distinct features of Bhojpuri humorous sounding. In Bollywood films, all the languages spoken in the villages of UP, Bihar, South Nepal, and North Jharkhand are often collectively referred to as Bhojpuri. Bhojpuri represents all the accents, tones, behaviours, village stories, idioms of the languages such as Awadhi, Braj bhasha, Kortha, Nagpuria, Magahi, and Maithili. Some of the features are discussed below:

[edit] Spoken trends

• Addition of “Waa” or “eeya” to Nouns and sometimes Verbs

For male Nouns:
In Hindi with Bhojpuri style – “ शाहरुखवा कहा कि ये मेरा कुत्ता नही है ”
In true Bhojpuri language - “ शाहरुखवा कहलख/कहलस कि ई हमार कुकुर ना ह”
English translation – Shahrukh said that he is not my dog.
English in Bhojpuri style – Shahrukhwa said that he is not my dog.
For female Nouns:
In Hindi with Bhojpuri style – “ रिमिया रिया सेनवा के बहन है ”
In true Bhojpuri language - “ रिमिया रिया सेनवा के बहिन बिया ”
English translation – Rimi is the sister of Riya sen
English in Bhojpuri style – Rimia is the sister of Riya senwa.
In Hindi with Bhojpuri style – “ लठीया चला के तुम्हारा कपार फोर देंगे
” In true Bhojpuri language - “लठीया चला के तोहार/तोहर कपारवे फोर देम ”
English translation – (I'll) throw the baton and crack your skull
English in Bhojpuri style – (I'll) throw the batowa and crack your skullwa.
Notice that female names ending in “ee ” gets “eeya” as in “ रिमि becomes रिमिया ” and "लाठी" becomes "लठिया" similarly female names ending in “uu” gets “uaa” for example : In Hindi with Bhojpuri style – “खुश्बुआ का बाप मर गया है ”
In true Bhojpuri language - “खुश्बुआ के बाप मू गईल बा / खुश्बुआ के बाबू मू गैईल बाना ”
English translation – Khusbu’s dad has died
English in Bhojpuri style – Khusbuaa’s dad has died
Apart from these all other females names and other nouns get "waa" in their ends.

• Addition of "eeye" or "ey" in adverbs, adjectives and pronouns

In Hindi with Bhojpuri style – हम बहुत नजदिके से आ रहें है
In true Bhojpuri language – हम बहुत नजदिके/नीयरे/नजीके से आवतानी/ आ रहल बानी.
English translation – I am coming from very near place
English in Bhojpuri style – I am coming from very nearey place.

[edit] Pronunciation of words

Bhojpuri has very distinct way of pronouncing, apparent to most north Indians would be aware of it. For example: मैं कहता हूँ is actually pronounced in Hindi as मै कैहता हूँ whereas in Bhojpuri it would be मैं कःहःता हूँ. The word for 'plenty' in Bhojpuri and Hindi is written as बहुत while Hindi pronounces it बहौत Bhojpuri retains बहुत even while pronouncing.

[edit] Trend of word formation

Though to speakers of Hindi, some Bhojpuri words may appear "mispronounced", they simply result from the divergent evolutions of the related languages. For example:

• अमरुद is Hindi word for Guava, in Bhojpuri it is अमदुर
• साइकिल is Hindi word (adapted from English) for cycle, in Bhojpuri many say साइलकि
• रक्सौल is a town in Champaran district of Bihar, many Bhojpuria people pronounce रस्कौल
• पहुँचना is a Hindi word for to arrive, in Bhojpuria people say चहुँपना

[edit] Comparison of pronouns in Hindi dialects

खड़ी बोली	भोजपुरी	अवधी	मैथिली	मगही
हम	हम	हम	हम	हम
तू	तू	तू	तू	तू
तुम	तू	तू	तू	तू

[edit] Common words

[edit] Weekdays

English	Bhojpuri	भोजपुरी
Sunday	Eitwaar	एतवार
Monday	Somaar	सोमार
Tuesday	Mungar	मंगर
Wednesday	Budhh	बुध
Thursday	Bifey	बिफे
Friday	Sook / Juma	सूक / जुमा
Saturday	Sunicher	सनिचर

[edit] Numericals

In Bhojpuri, ½ or half is called "aadha" ( आधा ) and when ½ or half is used with numbers higher than 2 then "saadhe" ( साढ़े ) is added before the whole number.
For example: 7.5 would be "saadhe saat"( साढ़े सात ).
Similarly, ¼ or quarter is called "sawaa"( सवा ) and when a number is ¼ or quarter less than a whole number then "pauney" ( पौने ) is added before the ceiling whole number.
For example: 7.25 would be "sawaa saat" ( सवा सात ) and 7.75 would be called "pauney aath" ( पौने आठ ).
There are other special names for 1.5 , 2.5 , 6 , and 12. They are called – "Dedh"( डेढ़ ), "Adhaai"( अढ़ाई ), "Aadha Darzan"( आधा दर्ज़न ) and "Darzan"( दर्ज़न ) respectively.
For currencies Bhojpuri uses the terms "Takiaa" ( टका ) , "Aanaa" ( आना ), "Kaudi" ( कौडी ), or "Paiisa" ( पईसा ) or "Ropeya / Rupaiya"( रोपेया / रुपईया ). It must be remembered that pronunciation of these words vary greatly while using in various circumstances.

English	Bhojpuri	भोजपुरी
Zero, One, Two, Three, Four, Five, Six, Seven, Eight, Nine, Ten	Soonna, Ek, Du, Teen, Chaar, Paanch, Chau, Saat, Aath, Nau, Dus	सुन्ना, एक, दु, तीन, चार, पाँच, छौ, सात, आठ, नौ, दस
One/Two/Five/Ten/20/50/100 Rupee Notes	Ek/Du/Paanch/Dus/Bees/Pachaas/Sai takia (only for currency paper)	एक/दु/पाँच/दस/बीस/पचास/सय टकिया
500/ 1000 or higher denomination Notes	Lamri or Numri	लमरी चाहे नमरी
One Rupee	Ek ropeya (for quoting price)
Coin	Sikka
25 Paisa( a quarter)	Chau anni
50 Paisa( a half)	Atth anni (Atth = Aath)
75 Paisa(quarter to one)	Baarey anaa (Baarey = Baarah )
100 Paisa	Sorey anaa ( Sorey = Sorah)

[edit] Fruits and Vegetables

English	Bhojpuri	भोजपुरी	English	Bhojpuri	भोजपुरी
Mango	Aam	आम	Apple	Seo	सेव
Orange	Samtola/Limu	सम्तोला/लीमु	Lemon	Nimo	निमो
Grapefruit; pomelo	Mausmi	मौसमी	Papaya	Papita/Armewa	पपीता/अरमेवा
Guava	Roonie/Amdur	रुनी/अमदुर	Melon	Jaamun	जामुन
Sweet Potato	Shataalu	शतालु	Pomegranate	Anaar	अनार
Grape	Angoor	अंगूर	Custard apple	Shareefa	शरीफा
Banana	Keraa	केरा	Lytchee	Litchi	लीची
Tomato	Tamaatar	टमाटर	Jackfruit	Katahar	कटहर
??	Bhuikatahar	भुईकटहर

[edit] Colors

English	Bhojpuri	भोजपुरी
Red	Laal	लाल
Green	Hariyur	हरियर
Blue	Aasmaani	आसमानी
Yellow	Piyar	पियर
Pink	Gulaabi	गुलाबी
Black	Kariya	करीया
White	Ujjar	उज्जर
Brown	Khairahu	खैरःहुँ
Gray	Raakh	राख
Indigo	Neel	नील
Rainbow	Saabhaa	साभा / इन्दरधनुष

[edit] Measurements

English	Bhojpuri	भोजपुरी
Hand	Haath	हाथ
Mile	Kos	कोस

[edit] Family Relations

English	Bhojpuri	भोजपुरी
Papa / Dad	Baabu / Abba	babuji
Mummy / Mom	Maai / Maay / Didi / Ammi	mai
Sister	Bahin / Didi / Baaji	bahin
Brother	Bhaai / Bhaiya
Grand Dad	Baba / Daada / Babba
Grand Mom	Daai / Aji / Eeya / Daadi / Amma

[edit] Some Idioms (khisa pacheesa)

न नौ मःन तेल होइ न राधा नाचे
चिरई के जान जाए लैका के खेलौना
न रही बाँस न बाजी बँसुरी
सौ सोनार के एक लोहार के
नापल जोखल थाहे लैका डुब गेल काहे
चानी सोना में लाग जाई काई दमड़ी के गोदना संगे जाई
रहली में दु जनी पादली में कए जनी
नाँच न जाने अँगनवे टेढ़
मन चंगा त कठौती में गंगा
खाएके सतुआ पादेके मीठाई
बाप के नाम साग पात पूत के नाम परोरा
एगो अनार सय गोड़े बेमार
जे खाए सुगर के गोस्त उ कैसे मिया के दोस्त ?
झोरी मे झाट/फुट्हा न सराय मे डेरा
दुध के रखवारी करे बिलाई
नाया नौ दिन पुराना सौ दिन
दिन भर हर-पर रात मे चहर-पहर पकड़े के गोड़ त पकड़ले बाड़े सोर
पानी में मछरी, नौ-नौ कुटिया बखरा
कौआ चले बगुला के चाल
बाप के नाम साग-पात बेटा के नाम परौर
दु अक्षर पढ़ लिया गुरुजी के दुख दिया बिन जोल ईद
हड्बडी के काम कनपट्टी मे सेनुर मेहरी के खीस डिहरी पर
सौती के खीस कठौती पर
बानर के हाथ मे नारियल
बाड़ी पूजा पर मन बाटे भूजा पर मांगे के भीख पादे के बीख
लोग कहे आम त इ कहे इमःली
राम राम जपना पराया माल अपना
सकल चुड़इल के, मजमून परी के

[edit] Bhojpuri Samples

Some samples of Bhojpuri Language include:

• PraÑām/Parnām. प्रणाम/ परणाम — all-purpose Hindu greeting,the former(PraÑām) is a Sanskrit word and in Bhojpuri it is generally pronounced as Parnām, often translated as "I salute you" and in common usage simply means "hello" and even "goodbye."

• Pae Lagoo / Paalagi / Paa lagat tani - customary touching of feet to take the blessings of elders.

• Rām Rām/Jai Rām ji kī राम राम / जय राम जी की - Bye Bye or simply Hi!!.

• Hamar/Hamār/Morā nām Bharat ha हमर / हमार / मोरा नाम भरत ह — My name is Bharat.

• Kaisan Bā? कइसन बा ? — How are you/ What's up?

The following are more commonly used:

• kā ha? का ह? (informal)- What's the matter?, sab samāchār thīk ba? सब समाचार ठीक बा? are you all fine?

• khāek ho gaīl? खाएक हो गइल ? — Is the food ready?

• Bīrgunj bahūte baDka shahar hot jā rahal bā. बीरगञ्ज बहुते बड़का शहर होत जा रहल बा. Birgunj is becoming a big city.

• Deshwālī logan ke Bhojpurī,Maithili,Awadhi,Hindi, ā urdū se māyā kareke chāhĩ देशवाली लोगन के भोजपुरी, मैथिली, अवधी, हिन्दी आ उर्दू से माया करेके चाहीं — People of Terai shoul love Bhojpuri, Maithili, Awadhi, Hindi, and Urdu.

• Humni madheshi haĩī san हमनी मधेशी हैं सन — We are all Madheshi.

• Dogalchod pahadiya ke humni terai se mār bhagāem sanदोगलचोद पहडियां के हमनी तराई से मार भगाएम सन - We will kick the blooody Pahadia out of Terai.
• Jūg jūg jiya/ khus rah जुग जुग जिय/ खुश रह – long live/stay happy

• Beyr dūb gaīl? बेर डुब गईल? – has the sun set?

• kaūni beyr? कौनी बेर?– at what time?

Where is Mr. John? – मिस्टर जॉन कहाँ बाड़न? / मिस्टर जॉन कहाँ बानी? Where is Ramesh? - रमेशवा केने बा? / रमेशवा केने बाटे? Who has Sita called? सीता केकरा बोलौले बीया?

[edit] Bhojpuri in Nepal

Bhojpuri is spoken by at least 2.5 million people in Nepal (9% of the total population of Nepal), the districts categorised as Bhojpuria districts lying between the Mithilanchal and Awadh regions of Nepal are: Rautahat, Bara, Parsa, Chitwan, Nawalparasi and Rupandehi. As people from hills have migrated in large numbers to these districts the native Bhojpuri language is suffering from adulteration and as Nepali has been imposed on people of these regions, most of the adulteration is due to Nepali language. However, the Nepali speakers in this region have somehow become modest speakers of Bhojpuri and can understand Bhojpuri quite well. And due to similarity, Maithili and Awadhi speakerscan also understand Bhojpuri quite well. Total Number of People who can understand the language in Nepal exceeds 12 million however who speak it as first or second tongue are around 4 million.

Some of the very popular local Radio stations in this region have been broadcasting news and entertainment materials in Bhojpuri, although due to Nepali speakers speaking bhojpuri in these radio stations, Bhojpuri sometimes appears awkward. Some of the popular radio stations for Bhojpuri are : Gadhimai FM, Indreni FM, Bijay FM, Rupandehi FM, Samyak FM, Radio Birgunj, Narayani FM and others are in the pipeline such as : Masti FM, Nobel FM, Kadambari FM, Rautahat FM, Gaur FM, Radio Namaste and Madhyabindu FM.

In Kathmandu, Music FM broadcasts Bhojpuri songs and some daily programmes in the language.

Radio Nepal, the state controlled radio broadcasts daily news in Bhojpuri at 6:05 PM local time daily. Above that, the state controlled Nepal Television 2 shows weekly Bhojpuri cultural programmes.

There are at least 5 Bhojpuri Newspapers being circulated on regular basis in this region.

[edit] Literature

The 2008 Booker Prize listed novel Sea of Poppies by Amitav Ghosh tells the story of the emigration of Bhojpuri speakers to Mauritius in the nineteenth century, and is copiously laced with Bhojpuri terms, dialogues, songs and poems.

[edit] See also

• Hindustani language
• Languages of India
• List of national languages of India
• List of Indian languages by total speakers
• List of Bhojpuri poets

[edit] References

[edit] External links

• Bhojpuri News
• Bhojpuria.com - portal for Bhojpuri speaking people
• Best of Bhojpuri Songs
• Entry for Bhojpuri at Rosetta Project
• Bhojpuri Express Network - Global Social Bhojpuri Network Portal
• bhojpuriIndia.org:: Bhojpuri Association of India.
• Anjoria:: The First Website in Bhojpuri
• BhojpuriAnjoria:: Website in English for promoting Bhojpuri.
• Bihari
• ChauriChaura.Com:: Bhojpuri- visit for Bhojpuri songs and news
• Ethnologue report for Bhojpuri
• Bhojpuri Association of North America - BANA
• Bhojpuri Kavita Podcast
• Bhojpuri Basics

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