The black-striped capuchin, Cebus libidinosus, also known as the bearded capuchin,[2] is a capuchin monkey from South America. It was the first non-ape primate where tool usage was documented in the wild, as individuals have been seen cracking nuts by placing them on a stone "anvil" while hitting them with another large stone.[3] The black-striped capuchin has traditionally been considered a subspecies of the tufted capuchin.[1] On the contrary, the southern population here included in C. libidinosus has sometimes been considered another species, Azaras's capuchin, C. cay (syn. C. paraguayanus).[4]
The black-striped capuchin is found in the Caatinga, Cerrado and Pantanal of Brazil, and forests and woodlands in Paraguay, far eastern Bolivia and northern Argentina.[2][4] Some confusion surrounds the taxon juruanus, here included as a subspecies of the black-striped capuchin.[2] It has been considered to occur from the upper Juruá River east and south to Mato Grosso,[5] or alternatively entirely restricted to the region near the upper Juruá River.[6] In the latter case, its range would be surrounded by C apella, leading to doubts over its true taxonomic status.[7]
Groves (2005) recognizes four subspecies:[1]
[edit] References
- ^ a b c Groves, C. (2005). Wilson, D. E., & Reeder, D. M, eds. ed. Mammal Species of the World (3rd ed.). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 137. OCLC 62265494. ISBN 0-801-88221-4. http://www.bucknell.edu/msw3/browse.asp?id=12100272.
- ^ a b c d Rylands, A.B. & Kierulff, M.C.M. (2008). "Cebus libidinosus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. International Union for Conservation of Nature. http://www.iucnredlist.org/apps/redlist/details/136346. Retrieved 19 January 2012. Database entry includes a brief justification of why this species is of least concern.
- ^ Fragaszy, D., Izar, P., Visalberghi, E., Ottoni, E. B., & Gomes de Oliveira, M. (2004). Wild Capuchin Monkeys (Cebus libidinosus) Use Anvils and Stone Pounding Tools. American Journal of Primatology 64: 359–366.
- ^ a b Wallace, R.B. (2008). Cebus cay. In: IUCN 2008. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Downloaded on 23 November 2008.
- ^ Groves, C. (2001). Primate Taxonomy. Smithsonian Institution Press. ISBN 156098872X
- ^ Fragaszy D., Visalberghi E., & Fedigan, L. (2004). The complete capuchin. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0521661161
- ^ Rylands, A.B., Boubli, J.-P., Mittermeier, R.A. & Wallace, R.B. (2008). Cebus apella. In: IUCN 2008. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Downloaded on 23 November 2008.
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