Blue Bird Corporation

Blue Bird Corporation
Type	Privately-held company
Founded	1927
Founder(s)	Albert Luce
Headquarters	Fort Valley, Georgia, USA
Industry	Bus manufacturing
Products	School buses
Owner(s)	Cerberus Capital Management
Website	Blue-Bird.com

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Blue Bird Corporation, previously known as Blue Bird Body Company, is a manufacturer of school and activity buses.^[1] Blue Bird's corporate headquarters and main manufacturing facility are in Fort Valley, Georgia.

[edit] History

[edit] Albert Luce, Sr.: all-steel school bus bodies in 1927

Blue Bird was founded in 1927 by Albert L. Luce, Sr. His company became a leading producer of school buses in the Americas. That same year, both Blue Bird Body Company and Wayne Works of Richmond, Indiana reportedly began building all-steel bus bodies, an innovation which soon replaced the wooden bodies which were then in common use around the United States.

[edit] Dr. Frank W. Cyr: father of the yellow school bus

Most school buses turned the now familiar yellow in 1939. In April of that year, Dr. Frank W. Cyr, a professor at Teachers College in New York who became known as the "Father of the Yellow School Bus," organized a conference that established national school bus construction standards, including the standard color of yellow for the school bus.

Engineers from Blue Bird Body Co., Chevrolet, International Harvester, Dodge, and Ford Motor Company, as well as paint experts from DuPont and Pittsburgh Paint showed up. Together with the transportation administrators, they met for 7 days and agreed on 44 standards, including the color and some mechanical specifications such as body length, ceiling height, and aisle width.

It became known officially as "National School Bus Chrome." The color was selected because black lettering on that hue was easiest to see in the semi-darkness of early morning and late afternoon. The distinctive color later became officially known as "National School Bus Glossy Yellow."

Cyr's conference, funded by a $5,000 grant from the Rockefeller Foundation, was also a landmark event inasmuch as it included transportation officials from each of the then 48 states, as well as specialists from school bus manufacturing and paint companies. The conference approach to school bus safety, as well as the yellow color, has endured into the 21st century.

[edit] Growth in school bus use after World War II

Following World War II, continuing a transition from one-room schools, there was a nationwide movement in the US to consolidate schools into fewer and larger ones. This meant that fewer students were attending school in their immediate neighborhood, particularly as they progressed into high school. This led in turn to a large increase in the demand for school buses.

With its early adoption of steel body construction, Blue Bird had been a leading name in church bus and school bus safety efforts. The company became a major school bus body builder in the post-World War II period.

In 1948, Blue Bird founder Albert Luce Sr. saw a design for a flat front bus at an auto show in Paris, France. Two years later Blue Bird Body Company introduced their own transit style design which evolved into the Blue Bird All-American, often pointed to as one of the pioneer transit designs to gain widespread acceptance for school buses, along with Wayne Corporation, Gillig Corporation and Crown Coach Corporation (whose "Supercoach" dated to 1932).

However, the "conventional" design, with a truck type hood and front-end (known as type C on modern school buses) was to continue to dominate US school bus manufacturing through the end of the 20th century.

Blue Bird became an international manufacturer of school buses with the opening of Blue Bird Canada in Brantford, Ontario in 1958.^[2] In the 1960s, Blue Bird Body Company also started making luxury motor coaches based on the All-American. Its first Wanderlodge was built in 1963.^[3] Blue Bird entered the commercial public transit bus market in the 1970s.

During the second half of the 20th century, many of the Blue Bird buses originally designed and used for North American school bus use became the common intercity bus in much of Latin America.

By the late 1970s, Blue Bird operated 6 major plants in 3 US states, Canada, and Ecuador.

Blue Bird Body Company (main plant) in Fort Valley, Georgia; produced All-American line and many parts for other lines
Blue Bird Canada in Brantford, Ontario
Blue Bird Central America in Ecuador
Blue Bird East in Buena Vista, Virginia; produced Conventional and Mini Bird lines
Blue Bird Midwest in Mount Pleasant, Iowa; produced Conventional line
Blue Bird Wanderlodge in Fort Valley, Georgia; produced Wanderlodge luxury motor homes

Parts and Service were also located in Fort Valley, as was Wanderlodge Wayside Park, a tree-shaded motor home park for visiting Wanderlodges adjacent to the Wanderlodge plant.

In 1980, Blue Bird was one of the big six school bus body companies in the United States, competing with Carpenter Body Company, Superior Coach Company, Thomas Built Buses, Inc., Ward Body Company, and Wayne Corporation. During the next 20 years, that number would be reduced to three.

Blue Bird would open a new plant, Blue Bird North Georgia in LaFayette, Georgia during the 1980s as well as close the Ecuador plant.

For the 1988 model year, Blue Bird supplemented the long-running All-American school bus line with the lower-priced TC/2000 transit school bus, which was aimed at securing bids from larger fleet operators. Unlike most of its competitors, Blue Bird supplied its own chassis for the TC/2000 instead of relying on a separate supplier which helped eliminate any potential supply problems. The TC/2000 quickly became a success and remained a staple of the Blue Bird lineup until 2003.

[edit] Post-Luce Family ownership

Until 1992, Blue Bird was a private family-owned company. From 1992 to 1999, Blue Bird was owned by a management led buyout team in association with Merrill Lynch Capital Partners.

The Q-Bus commercial bus for transit and charter applications was introduced in 1992.^[4] Sagging demand, financial difficulties and changing world markets in the 1990s and early 2000s lead to Blue Bird closing two plants and opening another. Blue Bird East was shut down in 1992; Blue Bird de Mexico in Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico, was opened in 1995.

At the end of 1997, Blue Bird operated the following facilities:^[5]

Blue Bird Body Company in Fort Valley, Georgia; produced TC/2000, Q-Bus, CS, All-American, and parts
Blue Bird Canada in Brantford, Ontario; produced TC/2000, Conventional, Micro-Bird, parts
Blue Bird de Mexico in Monterrey, Nuevo León; produced Conventional
Blue Bird Midwest in Mt. Pleasant, Iowa; produced Conventional, Mini-Bird, TC/2000, Micro-Bird
Blue Bird North Georgia in LaFayette, Georgia; produced Conventional and TC/2000
Blue Bird Wanderlodge in Fort Valley, Georgia; produced Wanderlodge and parts

Blue Bird was owned by the British Henlys Group PLC with a substantial financial stake held by Volvo Group^[6] from 1999 to 2004. Henlys had financial difficulties during this time, including some not related to its investment in Blue Bird.

Blue Bird de Mexico in Monterrey, Mexico was closed in 2001.^[7] Blue Bird Midwest was closed in 2002.

According to news release from the company in the fall of 2004, Blue Bird became the "sole operating subsidiary" of a newly created holding company, Peach County Holdings Inc. As part of the deal, a banking syndicate made up of Henlys creditors owned 42.5 percent of the Peach stock, according to Blue Bird. The Volvo Group (the world's largest bus manufacturer) owned another 42.5 percent, with the balance owned by Henlys' "pension scheme" and Blue Bird's management. However, after a bankruptcy filing, Blue Bird was acquired by Cerberus Capital Management, resulting, in connection with the acquisition by Cerberus of North American Bus Industries and Optima Bus Corporation, in Cerberus having a complete line of school and transit buses.

Through 2007, Blue Bird executed a series of plant closing and product line divestitures intended to re-focus the company on the school bus market in an effort to improve profitability and market position.^[8] The commercial bus product lines were spun off to parent corporation subsidiary North American Bus Industries, Inc. for assembly at NABI's Anniston, Alabama facilities.^[8] Blue Bird’s original and last remaining international plant, Blue Bird Canada, was closed August 10, 2007.^[2] Later in 2007, the Wanderlodge line was sold to Complete Coach Works, ending Blue Bird's 44 year participation in the recreational vehicle market. ^[8]^[9]

Blue Bird No. 1, the first steel-body Blue Bird school bus, was donated to The Henry Ford in 2008.^[10]

[edit] Products

In addition to school, activity, and commercial applications, Blue Bird buses have been custom-built for unique applications such as bloodmobiles, mobile libraries, and public safety command centers.

[edit] Current product line

Blue Bird Type A Buses (cutaway vans)
Model Name		Chassis	Fuel Type(s)	Notes
	Micro Bird	Ford Econoline/E-Series Chevrolet Chevrolet G-30 (pre-1996) Chevrolet P-30 (1995-1996) Chevrolet Express (1997- ) GMC GMC Vandura (pre-1996) GMC Savana (1997- )	Gasoline Diesel	Production Fort Valley, Georgia Brantford, Ontario, Canada. Introduced Other Notes From 1992-1999, the Micro Bird was sold alongside Girardin-produced Blue Bird MB-II/MB-IV models. From 1995-1996, a heavy-duty model using the Chevrolet P30 chassis was produced using modified Chevrolet G30 front bodywork.
Blue Bird Type C Buses (conventional)
Model Name		Chassis	Fuel Type(s)	Notes
	Vision	Blue Bird	Propane Diesel	Production Fort Valley, Georgia LaFayette, Georgia. Introduced 2004 (current version introduced in 2008) Other Notes The Vision was introduced by Blue Bird in 2004 and is currently in its second generation. The Vision uses an in-house chassis from Blue Bird, unique among Type C school buses.
Blue Bird Type D Buses (transit-style)
Model Name		Chassis	Fuel Type(s)	Notes
	All American FE/RE	Blue Bird front-engine rear-engine	Diesel Compressed Natural Gas (CNG)	Production Fort Valley, Georgia. Introduced 1948 (new 2010 version in process of introduction) Other Notes The current All American (2010 model year) is known as the "D3" internally, replacing the previous-generation "A3", which was sold from 1999-2009. Originally sold in Canada as the All Canadian and TC/3000 but now marketed there as the TX3.^[11]

New Products

The 2010 All American, which features a complete exterior and interior redesign, was revealed at the 2008 NAPT trade show on October 28th, 2008, in Myrtle Beach, South Carolina.^[12]

[edit] Former product lines

School Buses

Blue Bird Type A Buses (cutaway vans)
Model Name		Chassis	Notes
	MB-II MB-IV	Ford Econoline/E-Series (1992-1999) Chevrolet Chevrolet G-30 (1992-1996) Chevrolet Express (1997-1999) GMC GMC Vandura (1992-1996) GMC Savana (1997-1999)	Years Produced 1992-1999 Other Notes Produced by Canada's Girardin Minibus but distributed in the U.S. as Blue Bird-brand products; MB-II still produced today as a Girardin^[13] Two models available MB-II: single rear wheels MB-IV: dual rear wheels
Blue Bird Type B Buses (integrated)
Model Name		Chassis	Notes
	Mini Bird	Chevrolet P30	Years Produced 1977-2000 Other Notes
Blue Bird Type C Buses (conventional)
Model Name		Chassis	Notes
	Conventional CV200 SBCV	Chevrolet/GMC B-Series (1966-2003) Dodge (dropped in 1977) Ford B700 (1966-2001) Freightliner FS-65 (1999-2001) International Harvester Loadstar (pre-1978) S-Series (1979-1989) Navistar International International 3800 (1989-2004) International 3300 (2005-2006)	Years Produced 1960s-2006 Other Notes replaced by Vision in 2004. Navistar-chassis version was sold as SBCV from 2004-2006. Only Blue Bird was supplied Type C chassis from GM from 1992 to 2003.
Blue Bird Type D Buses (transit-style)
Model Name		Chassis	Notes
	TC/1000	Blue Bird	Years Produced 1997-2001 Other Notes Smaller than TC/2000 Front-engine only Marketed primarily for special-needs customers
	TC/2000 FE/RE	Blue Bird front engine (1988-2003) rear engine (1991-1998)	Years Produced 1988-2003 Other Notes Lighter duty chassis than All American Lower price meant to attract larger fleet buyers.

"Large Marge", A 1980 Blue Bird FC33 Wanderlodge motorhome

A 1980 Blue Bird Wanderlodge

Transit Buses

Ultra LF, Ultra LMB, and Xcel 102 - commercial buses; product line still produced by parent corporation subsidiary North American Bus Industries, Inc. at their Anniston, Alabama facilities

Motorhomes

Wanderlodge - luxury recreational vehicle/motorcoach; rights to product line sold to Complete Coach Works in 2007. Production ceased in 2009.

Prototypes

Envirobus 2000 -a late 1990s natural-gas school bus prototype that was a testbed for safety-related technology.^[14] Not intended as a production vehicle.

[edit] Images

A Blue Bird Vision with a propane-fueled engine.	United Indians Head Start Blue Bird Microbird school bus at the Daybreak Star Cultural Center in Seattle, Washington.	Chevy/Blue Bird bus used by Gloria Dei Lutheran School in Hampton, Virginia.	Back end of a Blue Bird bus owned by Gloria Dei Lutheran Church in Hampton, Virginia.
1999 Blue Bird CV200 with Freightliner FS-65 chassis conventional school bus operated by the Shelby County, Alabama Board of Education in Helena, Alabama.	‎1997 Blue Bird CV200 with Ford B-700 chassis conventional school bus operated in handicapped service by the Shelby County, Alabama Board of Education in Helena, Alabama.	2008 Blue Bird Vision conventional school bus operated by the Shelby County, Alabama Board of Education in Helena, Alabama.	2006 Blue Bird All American RE school bus operated by the Clark County School District in Las Vegas, Nevada.
Four Blue Bird All American RE school buses operated by First in Wrexham, Wales, United Kingdom.	Blue Bird All American FE bus in transit service in Bronx, NY.	NYPD Blue Bird All American RE mobile command post #4077 in Brooklyn, New York.	NJ Transit Blue Bird CSFE3000 #608 in Jersey City, New Jersey at Journal Square.
UNC Traveling Science Laboratory in Chapel Hill, North Carolina.	2009 All American FE, owned and operated by Martha's Vineyard Public Schools.