Blue Flame (car)

"Blue Flame" redirects here. For other uses, see Blue Flame (disambiguation).

The Blue Flame

Blue Flame on exhibit in Sinsheim Auto & Technik Museum, Germany

The Blue Flame was the rocket-powered vehicle driven by Gary Gabelich that achieved the world land speed record on Bonneville Salt Flats in Utah on October 23, 1970. The Blue Flame's kilometer record of 1014.513 km/h (630.388 mph) lasted until 1997 - for 27 years - and was set as an average of the achieved speed in both directions ((629.412 + 631.367)/2= 630.388 mph). It was broken by Andy Green driving Richard Noble's Thrust SSC turbojet powered car, which also exceeded Mach 1, the speed of sound, at 713.990 mph on September 25, 1997. The world (ultimate) land speed record set by The Blue Flame was broken on October 4, 1983 by Richard Noble driving his turbojet powered Thrust 2. This was achieved by breaking The Blue Flame's mile record of 622.407 mph, setting it to 633.468 mph. Because it is required to set a new record by 1% over the existing record, his 634.051 mph speed wasn't a new kilometer record.

The Blue Flame was constructed in Milwaukee, Wisconsin by Reaction Dynamics, a company formed by Pete Farnsworth, Ray Dausman and Dick Keller who had developed the first hydrogen peroxide rocket dragster, called the X-1 and driven by Chuck Suba. The Blue Flame used a combination of hydrogen peroxide and liquified natural gas (LNG), pressurized by helium gas to eclipse previous speed records set with jet engine powered vehicles. The effort was sponsored by The American Gas Association, with technical assistance from the Institute of Gas Technology of Des Plaines, IL.

The engine of The Blue Flame was designed by Reaction Dynamics,Inc. and some of the components were manufactured by Galaxy Manufacturing Co. of Tonawanda, New York. Galaxy Mfg. Co. was formed in 1966 by Donald J Magro and Gerald Muhs and was principally engaged in flow control systems, cavitating venturi, and precision machining fields.

The Blue Flame engine is a re-generatively cooled, liquid-propellent engine of the variable thrust type. It can operate on either a single or dual-propellant basis. In operation, the engine permits natural gas use as a liquid or gas or both with a two-stage combustion start. The oxidizer flow is established first, then LNG enters a heat exchanger where it vaporizes and is brought to combustion temperature. The gas is then injected into the combustion chamber with the oxygen provided by the hydrogen peroxide. A stable flame front is established and the remaining LNG is injected to bring the engine to full power. Nominal design engine running time was 20 seconds at full thrust of 22,000 pounds generating 58,000 equivalent horsepower. Due to testing damage, the actual thrust during the record runs was 11,000 pounds

The frame of the Blue Flame is a semi-monocoque type aluminum, with welded tubular structure in the nose section and with an aluminum "skin." The vehicle is 37 feet 4.6 inches (11.394 m) long and 7 feet 8 inches (2.34 m) wide. It has a 306½ inch wheelbase and an empty weight of 4,000 pounds. The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Co. designed 8:00-25 tires for the vehicle, with an outside diameter of 34.8 inches (880 mm) and smooth tire tread surface to help prevent heat buildup.

See also

• Rocket car
• Land speed record

Bibliography

• Ky Michaelson, Rocketman: My Rocket-Propelled Life and High-Octane Creations : Motorbooks Intl, 2007 ISBN 9780760331439