Boho, County Fermanagh

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Coordinates: 54°20′59″N 7°47′45″W / 54.3497°N 7.7957°W / 54.3497; -7.7957

Boho
Irish: Botha
Boho is located in Northern Ireland
Boho

 Boho shown within Northern Ireland
District Fermanagh District
County County Fermanagh
Country Northern Ireland
Sovereign state United Kingdom
Post town ENNISKILLEN
Postcode district BT74
Dialling code 028, +44 28
Police Northern Ireland
Fire Northern Ireland
Ambulance Northern Ireland
EU Parliament Northern Ireland
NI Assembly Fermanagh and South Tyrone
List of places: UK • Northern Ireland • Fermanagh

Boho (pronounced "Bo") (Irish: Botha) is a parish or group of townlands situated 11 kilometres (7 mi) south west of Enniskillen, County Fermanagh, Northern Ireland.

Covering an area approximately 12 km × 7 km (7 mi × 4 mi) in southwest Fermanagh, the Boho region has an abundance of historically significant sites ranging from Neolithic engravings (Reyfad Stones), through to Bronze Age and Iron Age (Aghnaglack Tomb) artifacts, medieval (High Crosses at Boho Church of Ireland), up to the 18th (The Linnett Inn), 19th (Noon's Hole) and 20th century.

The Boho area encompasses a wide diversity of flora and fauna, due in part to the specialised niches provided by the limestone karst substrata, some of which are unique to Northern Ireland. These features include large areas of three mountains that are found within the parish namely Glenkeel, Knockmore and Belmore, which provide a landscape varying from high craggy bluffs, with views of neighbouring counties, to low, flat bogland punctuated by streams and lakes.[1] Below this landscape are two of the three most cave-rich mountains in Northern Ireland,[2] featuring the deepest cave system in Ireland at Reyfad Pot, the deepest daylight shaft in Ireland at Noon's Hole, as well as popular caves for local outdoor adventure centre groups at the Boho Caves and the nearby Pollnagollum Coolarkan.[2]

Contents

[edit] History

[edit] Ancient origins

Botha or Boho is the plural of Both (bǒh), the old word for tent, hut or booth. This is a truncation of a name derived from the indigenous tribe Botha-Muintire-Fialain, the name of which means the tents or huts of the family/people of Fialain.[3]

Evidence of previous Neolithic habitation in Boho can be found in the townland of Reyfad, which contains ancient patterned stones dating to the late Stone Age, early Bronze Age period that are classified as a scheduled monument.[4] Further remnants of Neolithic habitation were unearthed in 1880 when an ancient settlement was discovered 6+1⁄2 m (21 ft) beneath the surface of a peat bog (the coal bog) in the townland of Kilnamadoo.[5][6]

Later Bronze Age evidence of habitation came in the form of a copper knife, reported by George Coffey (1901) which is on display in the Dublin collection.[7] Iron Age artifacts were discovered in the Carn townland of Boho (1953), consisting of remnants of a hearth at the foot of an escarpment dating to first millennium AD.[8] Later evidence of Danish raiders to this area came in the form of an iron spear head, found in a Cromleac in Boho, which is now kept at the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin.[9][10]

[edit] Historical references to Boho

It could be hypothesized that the inscriptions on the Reyfad stones constitute the first primitive markings or writings concerning the Boho area, however the significance of the markings is thought only to be symbolic. It was another few thousand years before mention of the wider geographical region was committed to paper by Ptolemy in 150 AD.[11] According to Ptolemy the region covering the Boho area was inhabited by the Erdin (Erdini, Ernaigh).[11] Later according to a map from 700AD, this area was encompassed by an ancient region known as Breifne (Breghne, Brefine, Breifne, Breffny, Breffni, Brefney or Brenny), an area which at that time was within the kingdom of Connaught.[12]

The two predominant tribes in the region were the Cenel Enda and Cenel Laegaire, whose territories were marked out roughly similarly to the areas encompassed by the later Baronies of Clanawley and Magheraboy, within which the area of Boho lies.[12] There was also a third tribe in this region known as the Fir Manach but their territory did not cover the Boho region.[12] The Barony of Clanawley at this time reached into north of County Cavan.[12] Later the Boho area was considered to be in West Bréifne or Bréifne Ó Ruairc.[13]

It is not known precisely what the area of Boho was known as before the 1400s, although another area which overlapped its boundaries was known as Tuath Ratha (tuaith ratha) i.e., the district of the fortress (a name preserved by the mountain known as Tura or the area of Toorah which is reputed to now exist as Trory) which extended from Belmore mountain to Belleek and from Lough Melvin to Lough Erne.[14][15][16]

The earliest references to this area (Tuath-Ratha) goes back to 1103 in the Annals of the Loch where it mentions a fierce conflict between the men of Lurg and the Tuath-Ratha, in which fell a multitude on both sides. Again in 1119, it states that Cuchollchaille O'Baighellain, chief Ollamh of Erinn in poetry, was slain by the Feara-Luirg and (by O Flannagain of) Tuath-Ratha.[17]

There is an account in 1247 of the Flannagans in the book "The History of Enniskillen", referring to the area as Boagh or Boho (Both Ui Fhialain) as follows:

Accordingly Maguire sent out his Bonaghs or
stewards to proceed on circuit for the tribute on his
behalf; and the Flanagan, of Toora, was the first to
refuse it, " till he saw his lord, to whom he would
give it on his feet ": and to show the guile of this
artful chief, he added with Irish blarney—"that they
would not store it more faithfully for him than
himself." With this rebel refusal the stewards seized
the cattle of Flanagan, and Flanagan pursued the
bonaghs to where we now call Glack, or Aghanaglack,
sometimes called Carn (Clais an Chairn), at Boho,
where a fight ensued for the cattle, in which many
were killed on both sides, including Flanagan and 15
of Maguire's party, and while the conflict was taking
place "the women and youngsters" of Toora took
back the cattle.[18]

One of the first medieval direct references to Boho was in 1483 upon the death of John O'Fialain (Ua Fialain), "the ollam in poetry" of the sons of Philip Mag Uidhir (McGuire) and Herenagh of Botha.[19] Later in Annals of the Four Masters (Mícheál Ó Cléirigh, 1487) the area is mentioned on the death of Teige (Tadhg), the son of Brian Mac Amlaim Mag Uidhir (McGuire), son of Auliffe Mag Uidhir, who had first been Parson of Botha, and then Vicar of Cill-Laisre (Killesher)[20][21] In 1498 there are reports of Maine, the son of Melaghlin, son of Matthew Mac Manus, slain in Botha-Muintire-Fialain, by the sons of Cathal Ua Gallchobair (O'Gallagher).[22][23][24] There is also mention in 1520 of Nicholas, the son of Pierce O'Flanagan, Parson of Devenish, who was "unjustly removed from his place by the influence of the laity, and died at Bohoe".[25] In 1552 there is a mention of Tadhg, the son of Tadhg, son of Eoghan O'Ruairc, who was slain in treachery in Bothach-Ui-Fhialain, by the Davine, son of Lochlainn.[17]

Boho is again mentioned during the inquisition of church lands held during the reign of James I of England in 1609–1610, described as Boghae.[26] At that point in time, the land was divided amongst septs, the head of which was a Herenagh who paid tribute to the bishop of Clogher. The Herenagh in Boho at that time was known as O'Fellan and under him was another sept "in the nature of a Herenagh", called Clan McGarraghan.[26] O'Fellan is described as having a free 'tate' or tathe, called Karme (Carn), to himself, and another, called Rostollon, which was divided among his sept of 'doughasaes' equally. The document also describes an area of land called KillmcIteggart or Farrennalter, one part of which belonging to the parson, and the other to the vicar.[26]

In 1610 the area of Boho is described as extending into the Barony of Clonawley (Clanawley, now Kinawley), whose limits are bounded by the lands of Aghara in the west, Sleveamwell Hill in Clanawley (Kinawley) in the east, the river of Bealaghmore in the north, and by Ourae mountain, also to the north.[26] By 1837, before parish boundaries were reshuffled, the parish was still quite large and was described as containing 2581 inhabitants, comprising 15,058+1⁄2 statute acres, of which 6,151+1⁄4 are in the barony of Magheraboy and 8,907+1⁄4 in that of Clanawley.[27] In those times this area also included the village of Belcoo.[27] In more recent times due to restructuring the parish grew smaller until the mid 19th century when it contained 51 townlands.[28] Today the number of townlands in the area stands at 46.[29]

The name of a nearby school, Portora Royal School in Enniskillen (established 1618[30]), is purported to be from the Irish Port Abhla Faoláin, meaning "landing place of the apple trees of Faolán". This may refer to Botha-Muintire-Fialain, the same tribe that inhabited the Boho area.[31]

[edit] Places of interest

[edit] Boho High Cross

Boho High Cross, June 2009, Toneel North, Boho

The high cross in Boho graveyard (grid ref H1167 4621) is on an eminence overlooking the Roman Catholic Church of the Sacred Heart (patron St Feadhbar or St Faber) in the townland of Toneel North.[32][33]

Excavation of the cross suggested that it was moved to its present position after 1832, when the site was first reused for Roman Catholic worship, the new church being built in the original graveyard slightly south of the old one.[33][34] The cross is estimated to date from the 12th century and comprises a weathered sandstone shaft.[35] The west face of the cross shaft depicts the presentation of the John the Baptist in the Temple. The central figure holds a child in their arms and is accompanied by a figure either side. Above this carving is the Baptism of Jesus by John the Baptist, with the River Jordan flowing between their feet.[36] The East face of the cross shaft depicts Adam and Eve in the Garden of Eden. This is represented by a tree which contains the serpent who is looking at one of the figures.[36] The accompanying socketed base of red sandstone in which the shaft rests measures 90 x 88 cm at ground level and 62 cm in height.[36] The base of the cross was alleged to be a bullán which men would resort to in cases of childless marriages.[37] The existing doorway of the nearby Church of Ireland at Farnaconnell is thought to have originated from the pre-reformation church at Toneel North.[38]

[edit] Reyfad Stones

Cup and Ring markings on the Reyfad Stones in Boho

The Reyfad stones can be approached by a track which lies above the Sacred Heart Church. There is a group of 6 stones, 5 of which have Gallcian style cup and ring markings which date from the Neolithic to the Iron Age, about 5000 years ago.[39][40] The largest stone measures over 3 by 2 metres (10 ft × 7 ft) and has the cup and ring pattern all across its surface; the pattern is inscribed deeper on the smaller stones.[41]

[edit] Noon's Hole

Main article: Noon's Hole

Noon's Hole lies about 5 kilometres (3 mi) north west of Boho. At 81 metres (270 ft), this pothole is the deepest daylight shaft in Ireland.[2][42]

[edit] Aghanaglack Tomb

In 1938 a cairn was excavated in the townland of Aghanaglack, Boho (Glack) by Prof. Oliver Davies which proved to be a "double court tomb".[43][44] The tomb can be found at an altitude of 222 m (730 ft) (grid ref H097 435) in a clearing in a local plantation (formerly a bog) known as Ballintempo Forest.[45] This site has easy access and provides good views on of the surrounding countryside.[41] The tomb consists of twin galleries aligned east-west, one of which has a length of 4 metres, terminating in a 2-metre-tall stone and the other about 1 metre ending in the bedrock.[46] The tomb was found to contain Bronze Age and Stone Age items, pots, arrowheads and the remains of two children.[47][48]

[edit] The Linnet Inn

1 km from the crossroads in Boho is The Linnet Inn which is over 200 years old[28] and is one of the few remaining thatched public houses in Ireland. It features some classic style elements such as an open hearth fire and the unique "cave bar", designed and constructed by its owner of the past 40 years, Brian McKenzie, in homage to the local caves near the pub.[2]

[edit] Places of spiritual and religious significance

The Boho area is replete with sacred/religious sites, from modern religious such as the Church of Ireland at Farnaconnell and the Sacred Heart Church in Toneel North, to the older pre-reformation churches. There were also places of worship situated outside buildings that were used in times of religious and political struggle, when the need for secrecy was premium. These were located in places such as the townland of Aghakeeran (field of rowans, or wild mountain ash trees)[49] in the 1700s, where there was a Mass Garden and in nearby Aghanaglack during the same period, where there was a Mass Cave "Prison".[50][51]

Further up on the mountain in the townland of Knocknahunshin there was another Mass Garden, although this may refer to a place known locally as the Mass Rock.[50][51] During the 1700s, in the parish of Boho (Inishmacsaint), there was a Mass Garden in the townland of Tullygerravra.[50][51] In earlier periods, around the time of James I's inquisition into church lands, there were Mass Alters at Drumgamph, Fintonagh (which was also in the parish at this time) and Killyhoman as well as a report of a holy well in the Killydrum townland.[50][51]

There may have been a third traditional church in Boho parish called Templemollem or the Church of the Mill, which is mentioned in the Survey of 1603 and in the Inquisition of 1609.[38] This was the chapel of ease called Templemullin on a tate of land owned by the sept of the McGaraghan which had an annual tribute to pay to the former Abbey of Lisgoole of five gallons of butter and one axe.[26] It is also thought that the pre-reformation church in Toneel North may have been built on an even older a pre-Christian pagan amphitheatre.[38]

[edit] Agriculture

[edit] Livestock and crops

The Boho area is mainly occupied by farmland devoted to grazing animals.

Red shorthorn cow grazing on limestone grassland on the Boho hills

One of the difficulties encountered in livestock farming, aside from the high rainfall, is that the indigenous limestone grassland is low on some essential nutrients necessary for grazing animals in the winter such as copper, selenium, phosphorus and magnesium.[52] The cattle are kept indoors in the winter months and fed a diet of silage, hay and protein supplement.

There is little arable land in Boho and this is usually set aside for domestic use. Due to low farming revenues, there are few people employed as full-time farmers in the area, rather some people farm land while their main incomes derive from a "normal job". The positive side to this low intensity agriculture is that Boho still retains examples of environmentally important species that are in decline on a national scale, such as rich hay meadows, pastures and semi-natural habitats.[53][54]

Some of the land is managed by farmers under the Environmentally Sensitive Area (ESA) scheme, with more significant areas being designated as Areas of Special Scientific Interest (ASSI) or as Special Areas of Conservation (SAC). Farmers can receive ESA payments for low intensity farming, i.e. cutting a meadow after the grass and wild herbs have seeded (ESA scheme).[55] In this area, cows were traditionally fed hay in the winter months as far up as the early 1980s, but silage has overtaken this practice due to its better nutritional value.

[edit] Harvesting hay

Traditional hay making in the Boho was a communal endeavour. Neighbours of the farmer and his family would gather round to help "win" the hay before any sign of rain. This was a long and arduous job compared to the modern process. Local people might even take a day off their regular job for this sole purpose. The meadow was cut using a scythe (originally), and then in more modern times by tractor with a side-mounted mower blade.[56] The grass swathes would be turned over by means of a hay rake and if the grass was dry enough it would be tedded with the ubiquitous pitchfork. The person that was tedding would lift as much as he/she could with a pitchfork and then shake it out vigorously over the ground. Once the grass was dry enough, the loose hay would be gathered into rows with hay rakes (this tedding might be repeated depending on how dry the grass was). The rows could also be made into small "laps" or "lappins" which are circularised stacks of dried grass.[57] The invention of a hay-right or tedding machine connected to the power take-off (PTO) of a tractor made tedding a lot less labour-intensive.

Once the tedding process had finished, the hay was made into a ruck. In Boho, depending on the moisture of the ground, it was traditional to place some branches on the ground or some old hay to stop the bottom of the new ruck getting wet. The ruck was constructed by two or three people pitching up hay to a person on top of the ruck (sometimes a child) who tramped the hay down so that it was compact. When the ruck was high enough, usually the height of the person pitching the hay plus the length of their pitchfork, somebody would pull out the bottom circumference of the ruck and pitch that hay up on top as well.[56] Two hay ropes made with a twister were usually thrown over the top of the ruck at right angles to each other and secured by pulling out a piece of hay at the bottom of the ruck and making another short attachment, so that the ropes and the bottom of the ruck could be connected. After this was done, the ruck would be "dressed" by raking down the outside so that water would run off the top during the rain. The surrounding ground was raked for hay, which was transferred over to the next ruck.[56]

The highlights of "winning the hay" would be having tea and "fadge" in the meadows, or riding on the hay if it was brought to the hay shed.[56] Later on in the 1970s and 80s the square bailer was introduced, which revolutionized haymaking, making it far less labour-intensive. The 1980s–90s saw the introduction in the area of the circular disk mower which was used to directly transfer freshly cut grass to a silage pit. This changing technology was reflected in sociological changes; hay making was now no longer such a communal activity.[58]

[edit] Geological and hydrological environment

The area of Boho is replete with potholes, limestone pavement, dry valleys and other interesting geological formations due to the nature of its substratum, which is mainly composed of limestone with occasional overlying beds of sandstone. These features have been described as nationally significant by the environmental agency.[59] There are also three mountains in this region, namely Belmore at 398 m (1,310 ft), and Tullybrack, 386 m (1,270 ft) (incorporating Glenkeel, 1,223 ft and Knockmore, 919 ft).[1][27]

The Carn townland of Boho has the distinction of having a type of rock named after it, i.e. Carn Limestone. This is also the case for the nearby Knockmore area which contains Knockmore Limestone and Knockmore Sandstone.[60]

[edit] Karst features

Main article: Caves of the Tullybrack and Belmore hills

There are three principal cave/karst systems in the Boho area, namely the Boho Caves, Reyfad–Glenkeel and Noon's Hole–Arch Cave system, situated under the mountains of Belmore, Tullybrack and Knockmore respectively. Many of these caves would first have been explored by local people, but the first detailed exploration and surveying of any caves in the area was undertaken by two cavers known as Édouard-Alfred Martel (the father of French speleology) and naturalist Lister Jameson in 1895.[61]

Amongst the most notable caves beneath Belmore are Boho Caves, Aghnaglack Cave, Aghnaglack Rising, Pollbeg, Pollkeeran and Pollnagollum Coolarkan.[62]

Within the Tullybrack area are Braad Dry Valley, Carrickbeg (Bunty Pot), Fairy Cave, Ivy Hole, Little Reyfad, Mad Pot, Murphy's Hole, Oweyglass Caves, Pollbeg, Pollmore, Pollnacrom, Polltullybrack, Rattle Hole, Reyfad Pot and Seltanacool Sinks.[59][60]

The most notable caves in the Knockmore region include Noon's Hole, Arch Cave, Aughakeeran Pot, Crunthelagh Sink, Killydrum Sink, Old Barr Sink, Pollanaffrin and Seltanahunny Sink.[59][60]

Panoramic view of some of the hills of Boho.

[edit] Rivers and loughs

Rivers running through Boho include the Sillees River which runs from Lough Navar Forest Park to Lower Lough Erne and its tributaries, the Screenagh and Boho Rivers.[63] There are also five major streams which drain into the Reyfad/Carrickbeg catchment area and are linked to the Carrickbeg resurgence.[63] One of these streams, entering Polltullybrack (second entrance to Reyfad Pot), is known as the Reyfad stream.[63]

There are four loughs associated with the civil parish of Botha, including Lough Nacloyduff (Loch na Cloiche Duibhe) which is in the townland of Clogherbog and Lough Acrottan (Loch an Chrotáin) in Glenkeel.[64][65] There are two other lakes associated with older parish boundaries, those of Carran and Ross Loughs.

Lough Nacloyduff (meaning the lake of the Dark Pit or digging) is about one acre in surface area. To the north on Knockmore Mountain are some yellow sandstone cliffs which contain "the lettered caves". These three caverns, two of them artificial in appearance, include oghamic style writing on their walls, consisting of crosses and star like shapes inside rectangles.[66]

[edit] November 2009 flooding

Main article: November 2009 Great Britain and Ireland floods

Boho was one of several areas in County Fermanagh which suffered as a result of severe flooding in November 2009. With water in Lough Erne at its highest level since records began,[67] the Sillees River, which flows through the parish, burst its banks causing traffic disruption for several days. The flooding affected Corr Bridge, Drumaraw, Muckenagh, Carran Lake, Samsonagh and Mullygarry. Killyhommon Primary School had to be closed as bus drivers were struggling to negotiate the closed roads.[68]

[edit] Flora and fauna

[edit] Flora

As a consequence of the local geology and low intensity farming practices, the Boho area has an high diversity of floral habitat types that is almost unparalleled in the whole of Northern Ireland as evidenced by the number of Areas of Special Scientific Interest, provisional ASSI's (pASSI), candidate Special Areas of Conservation (cSAC) and proposed Areas of Outstanding Natural Beauty (pAONB).[60][69][70][71][72] These range from open freshwater lakes to high calcareous grasslands and upland bogs.

Fen meadow is a classic Boho habitat type, consisting of wet fields locally described as a bog meadow, typified by the species Devil's-bit Scabious, Bog Thistle, Sedges and occasionally Tormentil, Purple Moor Grass and rushes (Juncaceae). In Northern Ireland, this type of terrain only covers 0.4% of the total land area and has decreased by 18% over the last ten years mainly due to the 21% decrease in Fermanagh coverage.[73]

Limestone grassland in the foreground of Boho hills

Drier habitats include calcareous grassland, which is very rare in a Northern Ireland context covering only 0.1% of the total land area, and which in only ten years, between 1990–2000, underwent a 7% decrease in coverage.[73] Calcareous grassland is typified by a rich abundance of species (such as Blue Moor-Grass, Wild-Mountain Thyme, Lady's Bedstraw, Fairy Flax and Lady's-Mantle as well as Fescue Grasses, Sweet Vernal Grass, Bent Grass, Crested Dog's-tail Grass, Carnation Sedge Cyperaceae and Devil's-bit Scabious on the thin layer of soil which covers the limestone rock.[73][74] Within this type of habitat, limestone pavement can also often be found, which can promote an even greater diversity of species.

Limestone grassland habitat in Northern Ireland is exclusive to County Fermanagh from the Boho–Knockmore region to Cuilcagh Mountain Park, this habitat and its associated karst features are so environmentally important that the latter Marble Arch region was designated part of the European Geoparks Network, the Global Network of National Geoparks and the world's first international Geopark, consequently adding international significance to the Boho landscape.[75][76] In Boho, this type of land is often associated with dry stone walls, built from limestone, which are constructed in a peculiarly local style and are equally important from a wildlife habitat perspective.

There is also a lot of bogland in Boho, which is typified by species such as Bell Heather, Cross-leaved Heath and Ling (Common Heather).[77] Other interesting bog plants to look out for are Sundew (which are carnivorous) and Bog Asphodels. The woodlands of Boho consist of a mixture of plantation woodlands and semi-natural broadleaf woodlands (mainly ash and hazel).[78][79]

As well as these rich ecological resources, Boho is well known for its small field sizes, which consequently provides many field boundaries consisting of hedges and dry stone walls. Indeed in the whole of Northern Ireland it could be said that Fermanagh has the smallest field size, maybe 20–30 fields per square kilometre, whereas counties such as County Antrim may only have 3–8 fields covering the same area.[73]

[edit] Scheduled species

Added to the importance of the above habitats, the Boho area includes a lot of rare and protected plant species known as priority species, including Irish Eyebright (Euphrasia salisburgensis var. hibernica) which is located on the western edges of Boho near Knockmore cliffs,[80] Swedish Pouchwort (Calypogeia suecica), a bryophyte last found in Aghahoorin near Boho in 1961,[81] Bee Orchid, (Orphrys apifera) located close to Boho [82] Mountain Avens (Dryopteris octopetala),[83] Marsh Helleborine, near Boho, (Epipactis palustris)[84] Small White Orchid (Pseudorchis albida), also known as the White Mountain Orchid,[85] Blue-eyed Grass (Sisyrinchium bermudiana), which belongs to the American element of the Irish flora i.e. those plants being absent from any other part of Eurasia but exist in North America,[86] Green Flowered Helleborine (Epipactis phyllanthes),[87] Cornish Heath (Erica vagans),[88] which is found near Boho, Yellow Bird’s Nest (Monotropa hypopitys),[89] and Bird's Nest Orchid (Neottia nidus-avis) located in proximity to Boho Caves.[90]

[edit] Fauna

Non-domestic animals in the Boho area include the Irish Hare, wild goats, foxes, badgers, red squirrels, various types of moles, rats, mice and shrews and the occasional pine martin.[91][92] Amongst Northern Ireland's priority species are Daubenton's bat (Myotis daubentoni) which was observed in a nursery roost located in Boho Caves in July 1895.[93] There have also been older report of fossil bones of an Irish Stag (Cervus elaphus)found in the area.[94]

Bird species are also well represented in Boho. In 1998 the number of breeding species recorded in a random transect of Boho was 26 and in 1999 that number was 27.[91][95]

[edit] Folk tales

Local tales in Boho were traditionally recounted at night when a neighbour or friend came to ceilidh, perhaps as a form of entertainment since the first electricity in some parts of Boho did not arrive until the mid 1970s. Occasionally, stories would take the form of dark ghost stories, suited to the starless night or the howling gale outside, just to put the "fare o jasus" into the listeners or the "cubs" if they were still up. At other times the tales were just light-hearted anecdotes to "pull your leg" or test your gullibility.

The venues for the stories have changed with the advent of television but can still be heard in the pub or over the farmer's gate. There are lots of stories of faeries, faerie bushes and the bad luck that ensues when they are cut down, banshees, swallow holes (potholes) and even the fortunes or misfortunes of certain stones, which may have marked an old burial place of Neolithic origin.[96]

One recurring mention from Boho on the internet is of a changeling or faerie who has a prodigious talent for music. The author (or the teller) of the tale states that the faerie has a particular flair when it comes to musical instruments, traditionally the fiddle or the pipes. He develops such a gift that anyone who listens will be enchanted by the music (like the Greek myth of the sirens). Commenting on the appearance of the faerie, the story teller recounts that he saw him living with two old brothers beyond the "dogs well" and he looked like a "wizened wee monkey" ...the story teller estimates his age to be around 10 or 11 years but it appears that he could still could not walk, rather, "bobbed". His gift on the tin whistle was second to none, his particular penchant being long-forgotten tunes. All of a sudden he disappeared, never to be heard of by the story-teller again.[97]

Another folk tale is of St Febor or St Faber, who is said to have a pet deer who used to carry her books. At one time it was trying to escape some hounds who had hurt it so it took jumped into the Sillees river (Abhainn na Sailise) and in the process her books were destroyed. In this tale, the Sillees river ran from Boho towards the sea – but once Febor had cursed it, "the river writhed, recoiled," and now its route goes towards upper Lough Erne rather than the sea, and it is said that the river is "good for drowning and bad for fishing". If you look closely at the river route today you can still see some of the old routes that have dried up or formed oxbow-like depressions in the ground.[98] In another version of this tale by a local schoolmaster St Faber was visiting Baron O'Phelan's castle in Boho, her deer was chased by the baron's harriers to the Sillees river, destroying her books in the process. She then laid a curse she cursed on the baron's castle, causing it to sink into the earth, and put three curses on the river: one making it deadly to swim in, the second making it bad to fish in and the third to make it flow uphill. There are no reports as to where this castle was located.[96] This tale is also recounted in an old country song, "Ma na Bh Fianna (Monea) – The Plain of the Deer".[99]

[edit] Notable residents

[edit] Bohos around the world

Places that share the same name as Boho around the world include Boho (also known as Fort Boho) in Bari, Somalia 11°56′00″N 50°53′00″E / 11.933333°N 50.883333°E / 11.933333; 50.883333 (Boho),[101] Ras Boho, Somalia 11°56′00″N 50°55′00″E / 11.933333°N 50.916667°E / 11.933333; 50.916667 (Ras Boho)[102] and Uadi Boho, Somalia 4°20′00″N 45°23′00″E / 4.333333°N 45.383333°E / 4.333333; 45.383333 (Uadi Boho),[103] as well as Boho, Leyte, Philippines 11°19′00″N 124°20′00″E / 11.31667°N 124.3333°E / 11.31667; 124.3333 (Boho),[104] and Boho, Australia 36°41′48″S 145°46′17″E / 36.696659°S 145.771354°E / -36.696659; 145.771354 (Boho).[105]

[edit] See also

[edit] References

  1. ^ a b Ordnance Survey Northern Ireland (OSNI). Discoverer 17 [map], 2003 edition.
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[edit] Further reading

[edit] Boho Heritage book

A local group of historians who formed The Boho Heritage Organisation in 2004, launched a book about the area on 17 April 2009. It features over 250 pages and 500 pictures of Boho and is entitled "Boho Heritage: A Treasure Trove of History and Lore". This book is available for a limited time from the Linnet Stores, next to The Linnet Inn.

[edit] External links

v • d • e
Places in County Fermanagh
List of places in County Fermanagh
Towns
NorthernIrelandFermanagh.png
Villages
Parishes
Aghalurcher · Belleek · Boho · Clogher · Clones · Enniskillen · Kinawley · Trory
Townlands
Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boho,_County_Fermanagh"