Bokken
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A bokken (木剣, bok(u), "wood", and ken, "sword"), is a wooden Japanese sword used for training, usually the size and shape of a katana, but sometimes shaped like other swords, such as the wakizashi and tantō. Bokken (木剣) is a term synonymous with bokutō in Japan, but is more widely used in the west. Traditionally, the character Ken (剣) is used at the beginning of a word, for terms having to do with the sword, for example in Kendō (剣道 "way of the sword") and Kenjutsu (剣術 "art of the sword"). In contrast, tō (刀) is used primarily as a suffix, for example, in shōtō (小刀, short sword) and daitō (大刀, long sword). Thus, in Japan, the word bokutō (木刀, "wood sword") is more commonly used.[1]
Bokutō should not be confused with shinai, a sword made of bamboo that is used for practise in kendo.
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[edit] Usage
A bokken is used as an inexpensive and relatively safe substitute for a real sword, and is used in training for several martial arts.
Bokken are e.g. used in kendo kata, a form of training to develop technically correct movements.
In 2003, the All Japan Kendo Federation (AJKF) introduced a type of practice using bokken. Bokuto Ni Yoru Kendo Kihon-waza Keiko-ho is a set of basic exercises using a bokuto. This form of practice, is intended primarily for kendoka up to ni-dan (2), but is very useful for all kendo students.[2]
Suburito are bokken designed for use in suburi. Suburi, literally "bare swinging," are solo cutting exercises. Suburito are thicker and heavier than normal bokken and users of suburito have to develop both strength and technique. Their weight makes them unsuitable for paired practice or kata.
The bokken is also used for self-defense as well as violent crimes. It is therefore stereotypically depicted as the weapon of choice for hoodlums in Japan such as the yankii (high school delinquents) and the bosozoku (biker gangs). These type of bokken may be decorated with gang slogans or Chinese characters.
[edit] History
Historically, bokken are as old as Japanese swords, and were used for the training of warriors. Miyamoto Musashi, a kenjutsu master, was renowned for fighting fully armed foes with only one or two bokken. In a famous legend, he defeated Sasaki Kojiro with a bokken he had carved from an oar while traveling on a boat to the predetermined island for the duel.
[edit] Types of bokken
The following list is the basic styles of bokken made:
- daitō or tachi (katana-sized), long sword;
- shoto or kodachi or wakizashi bo, short sword, (wakizashi-sized);
- tanto bo (tantō-sized); and
- suburito can be made in daito and shoto sizes but are meant for solo training. They are much heavier and harder to use, developing greater muscles, increasing skills with 'normal' sized bokken. One famous user of the suburi-sized bokken is Miyamoto Musashi who used one in his duel against Sasaki Kojiro.
Bokken can be made in any style of weapon required such as nagamaki, no-dachi, yari, naginata, kama, etc. The examples above are the most widely-used.
The All Japan Kendo Federation specify the dimensions of bokken for use in kendo kata.[3]
- Tachi: Total length, approx. 102 cm; tsuka (handle) approx. 24 cm.
- Kodachi: Total length, approx. 55 cm; tsuka (handle) approx. 14 cm.
Additionally, various koryu (traditional Japanese martial arts) have their own distinct styles of bokken which can vary slightly in length, tip shape, or in whether or not a tsuba (hilt guard) is added.
[edit] Construction
The quality of the bokken depends on several factors. The type and quality of the wood and skill of the craftsman are all critical factors in the manufacture of a good quality bokken. Almost all mass produced bokken are made from porous, loose-grained southeast Asian wood.[citation needed] These bokken may be easily broken when used in even light to medium contact drills and are best left for non contact work, such as in kata.[citation needed] Furthermore, the wood is often so porous, that if the varnish is stripped off the inexpensive bokken, one can see the use of wood fillers to fill the holes[citation needed].
While most species of North American red oak are unsuitable for construction of bokken, there are some Asian species of red oak that have a significantly tighter grain and will be able to withstand repeated impacts.[citation needed]
Superior woods, such as American white oak, also known as Kashi (not to be confused with Japanese white oak, known as Shiro Kashi, which is an evergreen species and lacks the weaker spring growth rings of the American oaks), has been a proven staple, having a tighter grain than red oak wood. Another choice, hickory wood, seems to have a very good blend of hardness and impact resistance, while still having a relatively low cost.
The use of exotic hardwoods is not unusual when constructing more expensive bokken. Bokken have been made from Brazilian cherrywood (Jatoba), others from purpleheart, and even from lignum vitae. Tropical woods are often quite heavy, a feature often sought after in bokken despite the brittleness of these heavy and hard woods. Many exotic woods are suitable for suburi (solo practice), but not for paired practice where they would come into contact with other bokken.
Some online retailers offer bokken constructed from polypropelene plastics. The exact applications and benefits of such a weapon vary depending upon the user.
[edit] Notes and references
- ^ Japanese Wiki Page, Bokutō http://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9C%A8%E5%88%80
- ^ "Bokuto Ni Yoru Kendo Kihon-waza Keiko-ho" 1 June 2003, All Japan Kendo Federation, Tokyo, Japan.
- ^ Japense-English Di.tionary of Kendo. 1 February 2000, All Japan Kendo Federation, Tokyo, Japan.
Translation of the intro on the Japanese Wiki about Bokutō: Bokutō is an imitation Japanese sword, made of wood. It is made for practicing form (形 "Kata") in Japanese martial art (Kenjutsu "剣術") and it's also used for Kendō and Aikidō to practice repetitive, individual, cutting exercises (素振り "Suburi") and form. In Japan, Bokutō is called Bokken occasionally. There are ornamental Bokutō decorated with mother-of-pearl work and carving and also for sale.
[edit] See also
[edit] Bokuto in fiction
In Hiroyuki Takei's manga Shaman King, Ryu possesses a wooden sword.
In Hideaki Sorachi's comedic manga series Gintama, the main character Gintoki Sakata wields a bokuto bearing the kanji characters for Lake Toya on the hilt. Throughout the series, Gintoki maintains he was given the bokuto by a hermit while on a school trip to Lake Toya, but it is later revealed he purchased it on a home shopping channel. The sword is made of an alien wood, giving it superior strength, with it being able to break through wood, metal and other materials a regular bokuto would shatter against. In chapter 150 of the manga, it is revealed that the bokuto has a sword spirit much like Soul Reaper's in the manga series Bleach. Gintoki's sword spirit is a direct parody of Zangetsu, Ichigo Kurosaki's sword spirit.
In the anime BLEACH, Ikkaku Madarame carries a bokken when in his gigai form as he wasn't allowed to carry a real sword in public.
Myōjin Yahiko switched from a shinai to a bokken at some time during the five year jump at the end of the Rurouni Kenshin manga series. Kaoru Kamiya also uses a bokken during a few fights(with the wielder of the great sycthe one of the seven swords). though during practice she prefers shinai.
In the science fiction series Stargate Atlantis, Ronon Dex and other Atlantis expedition members use bokken for practice and sparring. However, the form practiced is not Japanese. Instead, the style employed by Ronon Dex and others is somewhat free-form, possibly based on a martial arts form in the fictional Pegasus galaxy. The bokken is more often held with one hand rather than two (in contrast with the characteristic two-handed Japanese style).
In the anime Outlaw Star, the character "Twilight" Suzuka always used a bokken as her primary weapon.
In the anime Toradora, the character Taiga "Palmtop tiger" Aisaka uses a brown bokken as her weapon
In the anime Sadamitsu the Destroyer Sadamitsu uses a bokken, enhanced to capture criminal aliens, in his fights.
In the book Night World 2, the story The Chosen a vampire hunter uses a bokken to slay the vampires.
In the anime Burst Angel, the young police officer/bike gang leader Takane Katsu often used a bokken.
In the manga Asu no Yoichi!, the protagonist Yoichi regularly wears his wooden sword out in the open. Both he and one of his housemates, Ibuki Ikaruga, use this as their primary weapon of choice.
[edit] External links
- A discussion of different woods with regard to bokken design, focusing particularly on durability
- Information about making or selecting a bokken
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