Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic

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Российская Советская Федеративная Социалистическая Республика (Russian) Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic
← 1917–1991 →
Flag Coat of arms
Capital	Moscow
Official language	Russian
Established In the USSR:  - Since  - Until	November 7, 1917 December 30, 1922 December 12, 1991
Area  - Total  - Water (%)	Ranked 1st in the USSR 17,075,200 km² 13%
Population  - Total   - Density	Ranked 1st in the USSR 147,386,000 8.6/km²
Time zone	UTC + 2 to + 11 (modern Russia is + 3 to + 12)
Medals	Order of Lenin Seven Hero cities

The Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (Russian: Росси́йская Сове́тская Федерати́вная Социалисти́ческая Респу́блика [РСФСР] Rossiyskaya Sovetskaya Federativnaya Sotsialisticheskaya Respublika [RSFSR]), also called the Russian Soviet Federated Socialist Republic, the Russian SFSR and the RSFSR for short, was the largest and most populous of the fifteen Soviet republics of the Soviet Union and became the Russian Federation after the collapse of the Soviet Union. It was by far the largest sub-national entity in the world by area and 2nd in population after Uttar Pradesh, India. The capital was Moscow, also the capital of the Soviet Union.

Contents 1 History 1.1 Early years 1.2 In the USSR 1.2.1 RSFSR in 1920s 1.2.2 RSFSR in 1930s 1.2.3 RSFSR in 1940s 1.2.4 RSFSR in 1950s 1.2.5 RSFSR in early 1990s 2 Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republics (ASSRs) within the Russian SFSR 3 External links 4 References

[edit] History

[edit] Early years

The Soviet regime was established on November 7, 1917, following the October Revolution. In Russian official documents of the time it was referred to as Russian Republic, Soviet Republic (Russian: Советская Республика), or Russian Soviet Republic, among others.^{[citation needed]} On July 10, 1918 the 1918 Constitution was accepted, with the official name of Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic; the most recent variant of the name (with "Socialist" and "Soviet" swapped), was adopted in the 1937 Constitution.^{[citation needed]}

In English, the term Bolshevist Russia or Soviet Russia is commonly used for the period 1917–1922.

Opponents of Bolsheviks also used the derogatory term Sovdepia or Sovdepiya (Russian: Совдепия) ^[1] It is a contraction of the Russian expression, "Sovet Deputatov" (Совет Депутатов, совдеп), "Council of Deputies", which were the governmental authorities at local levels. In other words, "Sovdepia is the land of sovdeps".

RSFSR was recognized internationally by only a few states: the Irish Republic, Estonia, Finland, Latvia and Lithuania. The four last-mentioned countries recognized RSFSR in the Treaty of Tartu, 1920.

[edit] In the USSR

[edit] RSFSR in 1920s

30 December 1922 First Congress of the Soviets of the USSR has approved the Treaty of Creation of the USSR, which Russia united with the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic, BSSR and Transcaucasian Federation in a single state - Soviet Union. Later the contract was included in the 1924 Soviet Constitution, adopted 31 January 1924 and II-nd Congress of the Soviets of the USSR.

In the article the third Constitution of the RSFSR in 1925 indicated ^[2]:

According to a quotation will of the peoples of the Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic, have decided to X All-Russian Congress of Soviets on the formation of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, the Russian Socialist Federal Soviet republics of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, the transmit powers of the Union, classified in accordance with Article 1 of the Constitution of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, the purview of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics.

[edit] RSFSR in 1930s

As a result of Hunger in the Soviet Union beginning in 1930-ies affected many regions of Russia (Volga, Central Black Soil Region, North Caucasus, the Urals, the Crimea, part of Western Siberia, and Kazakh ASSR (see Hunger in Kazakhstan in 1932-1933).

On 5 December 1936 territory of the RSFSR significantly reduced , because with adoption of new constitution of the Soviet Union, Kazakh SSR and Kyrgyz ASSR have been transformed into the Kazakh and Kyrgyz Soviet Socialist Republic and Karakalpakstan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic was transferred to Uzbek SSR.

Russian constitution of 1937 changed the order of words in the title of State to the «Russian Soviet Federal Socialist Republic».

[edit] RSFSR in 1940s

On April 17, 1946 the Kaliningrad Oblast — the north of the former German province of East Prussia — was annexed by the USSR and made part of the Russian SFSR.

[edit] RSFSR in 1950s

Nikita Khrushchev transferred Crimea from the Russian SFSR to the Ukrainian SSR in 1954.

Karelo-Finnish SSR transferred back to RSFSR as Karelian ASSR in 1956

[edit] RSFSR in early 1990s

On 29 May 1990 and on the third attempt, Boris Yeltsin was elected chairman of the Supreme Soviet of the Russian SFSR.

12 June 1990 Congress of People's Deputies of the Republic has Declaration of State Sovereignty of the RSFSR, which was the beginning of «War of Laws» (Russian and Union law conflict).

17 March 1991 a all-Russian referendum, on the basis of which was introduced post of President of the RSFSR.

12 June 1991 Boris Yeltsin was elected President of the RSFSR by popular vote.

19 - 21 August 1991 - coup attempt in Moscow, the capital of the Soviet Union and Russia. President of Russia Yeltsin serves to protect the President of the USSR Gorbachev.

23 August, after the failure of GKChP, in the presence of Gorbachev, Yeltsin signs a decree to suspend the CP RSFSR in the territory of Russia. ^[3]

28 October 1991, Ruslan Khasbulatov elected as Chairman of the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR.

6 November 1991, by decree of the President of Russia Boris Yeltsin, CPSU and CP RSFSR have been banned in the territory of the RSFSR.^[4]

8 December 1991 and Viskuly under Brest (Belarus), President of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic and the heads of BSSR and Ukrainian SSR was signed «Agreement on the Establishment of the Commonwealth of Independent States» (known in media as Belavezha Accords). The document, consisting of a preamble and 14 articles, that the Soviet Union ceased to exist as a subject of international law and geopolitical realities. However, based on the historical community of peoples, relations between them, given the bilateral treaties, the desire for a democratic rule of law, the intention to develop their relations based on mutual recognition and respect for state sovereignty, the parties agreed on the formation of Commonwealth of Independent States

12 December agreement was ratified by Supreme Soviet of the Russian SFSR (the Russian parliament ratified the document by an overwhelming majority: «for» - 188 votes, «against» - 6 votes, «abstain» - 7)

On the same day the Supreme Soviet of the Russian SFSR denounced the Treaty on the Creation of the USSR but withdrew and Russian deputies of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR. The legality of this act is the subject of formal discussions, as well as by the Constitution (Basic Law) of Russia 1978 and he had no right to do so.

24 December The President of the Russian Federation informed the Secretary-General of the United Nations that the Russian Federation continues the membership of the Soviet Union in all organs UN (including membership in the UN Security Council). Thus, Russia is considered to be the original member of the UN (with 24 October 1945 a) along with Ukraine (Ukrainian SSR) and Belarus (BSSR).

25 December 1991 by special law RSFSR was renamed to Russian Federation ^[5]. The Act came into force on the date of adoption, but was originally published by January 6, 1992 a (Rossiyskaya Gazeta). According to law, during the 1992 were allowed to use the old name of the RSFSR in the official business (forms, seals and stamps). Follow the laws became known as the laws of the Russian Federation (the order of numbering was maintained). 21 April 1992 and was amended in the constitution. The Act came into force following the publication of Russian newspaper 16 May 1992

Name «Russian Federation» as a reduction of the RSFSR and was used in Soviet times ^[6] (such as the Transcaucasian Federation for TSFSR).

In 26 December 1991 the Soviet Union officially ceased to exist, and Russia became a successor state to Soviet Union.

[edit] Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republics (ASSRs) within the Russian SFSR

• Bashkir ASSR (1919–1990)
• Buryat ASSR (1923–1990)
• Crimean ASSR (1921–1945)
• Dagestan ASSR (1921–1991)
• Yakut ASSR (1922–1991)
• Kabardino-Balkar ASSR (1921–1991)
• Kalmyk ASSR (1935–1943; 1958–1992)
• Karakalpak ASSR (1932–1936)
• Karelian ASSR (1923–1940; 1956–1991)
• Komi ASSR (1921–1993)
• Mari ASSR (1920–1991)
• Mordovian ASSR (1930–1993)
• Northern Ossetian ASSR (1924–1993)
• Udmurt ASSR (1920–1991)
• Volga German ASSR (1918–1941)
• Tatar ASSR (1920–1990)
• Chechen-Ingush ASSR (1936–1944; 1957–1990)
• Chuvash ASSR (1925–1990)
• Tuva ASSR (1961–1992)
• Kirghiz ASSR (1920–25), then Kazakh ASSR (1925–1936)
• Mountain ASSR (1921–1924)

[edit] External links

• (Russian) Full Texts and All Laws Amending Constitutions of the Russian SFSR
• Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic; The Whole Republic a Construction Site by D.S. Polyanski

v • d • e Republics of the Soviet Union Principal Armenian SSR · Azerbaijan SSR · Byelorussian SSR · Estonian SSR · Georgian SSR · Kazakh SSR · Kirghiz SSR · Latvian SSR · Lithuanian SSR · Moldavian SSR · Russian SFSR · Tajik SSR · Turkmen SSR · Ukrainian SSR · Uzbek SSR Short-lived Karelo-Finnish SSR · Transcaucasian SFSR

[edit] References

This article includes a list of references, related reading or external links, but its sources remain unclear because it lacks inline citations. Please improve this article by introducing more precise citations where appropriate. (March 2009)

1. ^ Mawdsley, Evan (2007). The Russian Civil War. Pegasus Books. pp. 178–193. ISBN 9781933648156. 
2. ^ Constitution (Basic Law) of the Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic (approved by XII All-Russian Congress of Soviets from 11 May 1925 a).
3. ^ Presidential RSFSR of 23.08.1991 N 79
4. ^ Presidential Decree of the RSFSR 06.11. 1991 N 169 «About the CPSU AND CP RSFSR ACTIVITIY»
5. ^ The Supreme Soviet of the Russian SFSR approved the Law of the RSFSR from 25 December 1991 and the number 2094-I «to change the name of the State" the Russian Soviet Federal Socialist Republic "» / / Vedomosti of RSFSR Congress of People's Deputies and Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR. - 1992. - № 2. - Art. 62
6. ^ See for example, the log of the meeting of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR 19 February 1954