Book of Optics
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The Book of Optics (Arabic: Kitāb al-Manāẓir (كتاب المناظر); Persian: Ketāb e Manzarehā (کتاب منظرهها); Latin: De Aspectibus or Opticae Thesaurus: Alhazeni Arabis; Italian: Deli Aspecti) is a seven-volume treatise on optics and other fields of study composed by the medieval Muslim scholar Ibn al-Haytham, known in the West as Alhazen (965– c. 1040 AD).
The Book of Optics represents a landmark in the History of optics, as it for the first time presented coherent and experimentally founded arguments against the widely held extramission theory of vision and in favor of intromission theory, the now accepted model that vision takes place by light entering the eye.[1] Alhazen's work transformed the way in which light and vision was understood, setting the stage for modern physical optics and earning him the title the "father of modern optics"[2]
Alhazen's use of systematically controlled experimental variables in his exposition in the Book of Optics constitute a foundational contribution to scientific method. He has been called a "pioneer of the modern scientific method,"[3] and the founder of experimental physics.[4]
[edit] Works cited
- ^ D. C. Lindberg (1976), Theories of Vision from al-Kindi to Kepler, Chicago, Univ. of Chicago Press, pp. 60-7.
- ^ R. L. Verma (1969). Al-Hazen: father of modern optics.
- ^ Rosanna Gorini (2003). "Al-Haytham the Man of Experience. First Steps in the Science of Vision", International Society for the History of Islamic Medicine. Institute of Neurosciences, Laboratory of Psychobiology and Psychopharmacology, Rome, Italy.
- ^ Rüdiger Thiele (2005). "In Memoriam: Matthias Schramm", Arabic Sciences and Philosophy 15, p. 329–331. Cambridge University Press.
[edit] English translations
- Sabra, A. I., ed. (1983), The Optics of Ibn al-Haytham, Books I–II–III: On Direct Vision. The Arabic text, edited and with Introduction, Arabic-Latin Glossaries and Concordance Tables, Kuwait: National Council for Culture, Arts and Letters
- Sabra, A. I., ed. (2002), The Optics of Ibn al-Haytham. Edition of the Arabic Text of Books IV–V: On Reflection and Images Seen by Reflection. 2 vols, Kuwait: The National Council for Culture, Arts and Letters
- Sabra, A. I., trans. (1989), The Optics of Ibn al-Haytham. Books I–II–III: On Direct Vision. English Translation and Commentary. 2 vols, Studies of the Warburg Institute, vol. 40, London: The Warburg Institute, University of London, ISBN 0-85481-072-2
- Smith, A. Mark, ed. and trans. (2001), written at Philadelphia, "Alhacen's Theory of Visual Perception: A Critical Edition, with English Translation and Commentary, of the First Three Books of Alhacen's De aspectibus, the Medieval Latin Version of Ibn al-Haytham's Kitāb al-Manāzir, 2 vols", Transactions of the American Philosophical Society (Philadelphia: American Philosophical Society) 91 (4–5), ISBN 0-87169-914-1, OCLC 47168716
- Smith, A. Mark, ed. and trans. (2006), written at Philadelphia, "Alhacen on the Principles of Reflection: A Critical Edition, with English Translation and Commentary, of Books 4 and 5 of Alhacen's De Aspectibus, the Medieval Latin version of Ibn-al-Haytham's Kitāb al-Manāzir, 2 vols", Transactions of the American Philosophical Society (Philadelphia: American Philosophical Soc.) 96 (2–3), ISBN 0-87169-962-1, OCLC 185359947 185359957 219328717 219328739 70078653 123464885 185359947 185359957 219328717 219328739 70078653
[edit] See also
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