Bor, Sudan
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| Bor | |
  Bor
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| Coordinates: 6°14′N 31°34′E / 6.233°N 31.567°E | |
| Country |  Sudan |
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| Admin. division | Jonglei State |
Bor (Arabic: بور) is a city in Southern Sudan and is the capital of Jonglei State. It is located off the east Bank of the River Nile. The city is 200 kilometres from Juba, the capital of autonomous Southern Sudan. The state borders Ethiopia to the east, Upper Nile State to the northeast, Western Upper Nile State to the northwest, Lakes to the west, Eastern Equatoria state to the southeast and Central Equatoria to the southwest.
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[edit] Geography and History
Bor (wetland)has a significant historical attachment to the people of Southern Sudan. It was in Malek, 19 km south of Bor where the first mission was established by Archbald Shaw in December 1905. Bor became the first area to host a Church Missionary Society station in 1905. Malek was turn as the missionaries stronghold in the upper state. Archbald opened the first primary school in Malek. This school produced the first Anglican bishop to be consecrated in the Dinka land His lordship Daniel Deng Atong, followed the Nikonora Achiek Deng Ariir. John Aruor became the first legend to be baptized in 1916 in Bor. On May 16 1983, Kerubino Kuanyin Bol, a Lt. Col. in the Sudanese army led a mutiny, later encouraged by former Sudanese Vice President, President of Southern Sudan, C-in-C of Sudanese People's Liberation Army and Chairman of SPLM, late Dr. John Garang de Mabior.
Southeastern Dinka, also known as Dinka Bor, occupy the region around the city along the twelve payams from Kolnyang in the South to Duk in the far north. The Bor Dinka is made up of Gok, Athooch, Twic.
Currently there are three counties of Greater Bor, Bor county, Twic East and Duk.
[edit] Tourism
Bor is a city with potential for being a tourist centre, given its location near the Sudd with beautiful varieties of water birds and animals. Its people are peaceful and welcoming to foreigners. First steps to allow tourism are already been taken by the current Government of Jonglei State. Accommodation in tents is open for visitors. The UN Agencies, like UNHCR, and other development actors, are opening offices and are adding to the appeal and the services on offer in the town.
[edit] Famous people
[edit] Regional
It was in this region, Southeastern Dinka, also known as Dinka Bor, that some Southern Sudanese prominent politicians originated. Among them, Majur Nhial Makol, the first person in the South to held the post of Brigadier General in President Gaafar Nimeiry's administration, and the first Sudanese to graduate from the University of Cambridge, England, with Masters degree in Finance and International Relations in 1977, Joseph Monychiek Deng Chol Akol (d.1946), Ajang Duot Bior (met Queen Victoria), Deng Malual, Sudan First Vice President and President of the High Executive Council 1972, H.E Mulana Abel Alier Kuai Kut, Rech Deng, Late Adier Deng Adier, Dau Manyok and late Martin Majier Gai Ayuel Yuot and Arok Thon Arok. The prominent sons and daughters of Bor include, Cdr. Majur Nhial Makol, Kuol Manyang Juuk, Atem Garang Deng DeKuek, Rebbeca Nyangdeng de Mabior, Garang Juac Atem, Elijah Alier Ayom Anyang-aloung, Michael Makuei Lueth Makuei, Michael George Garang Deng Chol, James Achiek Mabior Lueth, Makuei Deng Majuch and the former governor of Jonglei State, Philip Thon Leek and the beloved young man John Mac Acuek Mac and those of Deng Chol Ngueny,Machar Kuch Lual, Kuol Bol Ayom, Kelei Riak Makol, Deng Kelei Chol who have together with Arok Thon Arok protested and rejected inequality and lack of democracy under Dr John Garang de Mabior leadership during the SPLM/A movement.
[edit] Politicians
Famous Paramount chiefs and judges in Bor include, Alier Leek Agot(Palek), Gai Arou Gai (Awan, Aboudit), Yuang Nyieth Deng (Abuotdit, Pen), Kon Mabil Kuol (Adumwuor), Kuany Ayen (Awulian) Mach Aluong Mach (Deer),Late Bul Anyang (Pathuyith), Deng Chol Akol(Adol), Ajak Thoot (Adumwuor), Late Ajang Duot(Kongor), Late Dut Kuek, beny Ayiik-maluk(Nyarweng), Rech Deng, Late Akuak Mayen Jok, Late Jo'oK Alith AKuei(Pathuyith),late Deng Akuei Kur, Deng Biar Abit (Awulian), Kuol Biar Akol, Keech Bior Keech (Allian), Reech Akuak mayen (Aboudit), Akuei Jook Alith, Mathor Alier jongror (Koch), Nuer Ngueny Deng and late Mabior Ngueny Chol (Adol Ee Cam, d.1994), Late Diing Bul Anyang who was killed during 1991 Bor Massacre (Pathuyith, Aliap) Chol Adol (Ateet),and Deng Anyuat (Ateet). all ruled at different intervals across the Bor lines).
[edit] Singers
Prominent singers Ayom Anyieth publicly known as Ayomthuonglual was slain by the Arabs military regime in Bor due to his political songs on Arabs. Joseph Kelei Dhaal (d.1996) famously known as MaroRiar or AroRiar (Adumwuor). Alier Monydhel Yuang (AngaKuei), Malek Manyiel, and Wel Reech, Anyar Anyieth (Abuodit) Mach Garang known as aleechtuung (Ateet). Comedians include: Pach Ahok, Machot Mach Awar, Thuma Alier, Guen, Jongroor Deng Alic and Majok Kuleng (Awulian).
[edit] 1991 Bor Massacre
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This section may require cleanup to meet Wikipedia's quality standards. Please improve this section if you can. (April 2009) |
It was November 15, 1991 that the Bor Masssacre took place in Southern Sudan. A Riek Machar led forces intentionally killed 85,000 civilians in Bor and wounded relatively the same number in the course of two months. Immediately after the massacre, the hunger came in as a result of famine and lack of food since Machar forces already looted, burn villages and raide cattles--and another 25,000 people died as a result, according to Amnesty International.
In the case of the Bor-Dinka massacre, there is no doubt or question in anybody mind that it has become another Jewish Holocaust. For the starters, the Bor massacre was triggered by a coup declaration against the then SPLM chairman, the late Dr. John Garang on August 28, 1991, by the current vice president of the government of Southern Sudan, Dr. Riek Machar. Thousands of civilians in Garang's home turf, the Bor area, died when Dr. Riek's Nuer forces turned against them and killed them after his failure to topple Dr. John Garang.
Dr. Riek described the incident as "propaganda" and "myth" despite horrific evidence of mass killing shown by bones and corpses in the aftermath of the massacre. Dr. Riek and some of his hardliners are typical of the radical Islamist Iranian President Mahmoud Ahamadinejad, who is a holocaust denier whose remarks were condemned internationally for calling for Israel to be "wiped off the map" and for describing The Holocaust as a "myth." That is the exact character of Dr. Riek Machar. He is a genocide denier like President Mahmoud Ahamadinejad.
In his own word recorded in the video, "Sudan Massacre" posted on You Tube, he said that "most of Garang's troops are wiped out in Bor." This is ironic and self implicating because it was the civilians who were wiped out in Bor. Garang's troops which he claimed to have been wiped out in Bor were in deployment in Juba trying to capture the city from the Islamic government.
Dr. Riek was also quoted as saying (Sudan Massacre, You Tube) that "I cannot just say kill the Dinka Bor, no, not at all. They're using it as a human rights violation; I'm aware of that. I think it is propaganda." This is a big lie. If he couldn't say "kill the Dinka Bor," who ordered the killings? Whether Riek ordered the killings or his commanders in the fields did it on their own accord, he should be held accountable because he did not discipline his commanders to respect civilians.
Apart from Riek himself denying the massacre despite enormous evidence recorded in the media and video tapes, his associates have also attempted to hid the truth, waging a massivepropaganda campaign.
[edit] Non-governmental organisations
Humanitarian NGOs working in Bor County include:
- Adventist Development and Relief Agency
- Handicap International
- INTERSOS
- MSF
- Polish Humanitarian Organisation
