Borassus flabellifer
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
| Asian palmyra palm | |
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| Borassus flabellifer | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| (unranked): | Angiosperms |
| (unranked): | Monocots |
| (unranked): | Commelinids |
| Order: | Arecales |
| Family: | Arecaceae |
| Genus: | Borassus L. |
| Species: | B. flabellifer |
| Binomial name | |
| Borassus flabellifer ... |
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Borassus flabellifer, also known as the Asian palmyra palm, Toddy palm, sugar palm, or Cambodian palm, is robust and can live 100 years or more and reach a height of 30 m, with a canopy of leaves several dozen fronds spreading 3 meters across. The large trunk resembles that of the coconut tree and is ringed with leaf scars. Young palmyra palms grow slowly in the beginning but then grow faster. Its growth pattern, large size, and clean habits make it an attractive landscape species.
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[edit] Cultivation and uses
[edit] Fruit
It is known as Tari in Hindi, Tal in Bengali,Tale Hannu in Kannada, Nungu in Tamil, Thaati Munjalu in Telugu, Munjal in Urdu, Tnaot in Khmer, Lontar in Indonesian language, Akadiru by the East Timorese, Tao in Divehi, Tadfali (pronunciation variations are Tad-fali or Taadfali) in Gujarati, Targula in Konkani and sometimes Ice-apple in the British English. The fruit measures 4 to 7 inches in diameter, has a black husk, and is borne in clusters. The top portion of the fruit must be cut off to reveal the three sweet jelly seed sockets, translucent pale-white, similar to that of the lychee but with a milder flavor and no pit. The jelly part of the fruit is covered with a thin, yellowish-brown skin.
The ripened fibrous outer layer of the palm fruits can also be eaten raw, boiled, or roasted.
A sugary sap, called Toddy, can be obtained from the young inflorescence, either male or female ones. Toddy is fermented to make a beverage called arrack, or it is concentrated to a crude sugar called jaggery. It is called Gula Jawa (Javanese sugar) in Indonesia and is widely used in Javanese cuisine. In addition, the tree sap is taken as a laxative, and medicinal values have been ascribed to other parts of the plant.
[edit] Sprouts
In Tamil Nadu, India, and Jaffna, Sri Lanka, the seeds are planted and made to germinate and the fleshy stems (below the surface) are boiled and eaten. It is very fibrous and nutritious, known as "Panai Kizhangu" or "Panamkizhangu" in Tamil.
The germinated seed's hard shell is also cut open to take out the crunchy kernel, which tastes like a sweeter water chestnut. It is called "dhavanai" in Tamil.
[edit] Leaves
The leaves are used for thatching, mats, baskets, fans, hats, umbrellas, and as writing material.
In Indonesia the leaves were used in the ancient culture as paper, known as "lontar". Leaves of suitable size, shape, texture, and maturity are chosen and then seasoned by boiling in salt water with turmeric powder, as a preservative. The leaves are then dried. When they are dry enough, the face of the leaf is polished with pumice, cut into the proper size, and a hole is made in one corner. Each leaf will make four pages. The writing is done with a stylus and has a very cursive and interconnected style. The leaves are then tied up as sheaves.
[edit] Trunk
The stalks are used to make fences and also produce a strong, wiry fiber suitable for cordage and brushes. The black timber is hard, heavy, and durable and is highly valued for construction.
The young plants are cooked as a vegetable or roasted and pounded to make meal.
[edit] Crown
When the crown of the tree is removed, the segment from which the leaves grow out is an edible cake. This is called pananchoru in Tamil.
[edit] Gallery
 Sugar Palm in Angkor Wat, Cambodia |
 Sugar Palm in Angkor Wat, Cambodia |
 Monsoon season in Kampong Speu Province with Sugar palm |
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 Bird nest on Asian palmyra palm |
A view of the characteristic fruit on the tree |
 Bird nest and fruit on Asian palmyra palm |
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 Trunk |
[edit] Cultural symbolism
The palmyra tree is the official tree of Tamil Nadu. Highly respected in Tamil culture, it is called "karpaha" ("celestial tree") because all its parts without exception have a use. The palmyra palm is a symbol of Cambodia. It grows near the Angkor temple and is a very common palm, found all over the country.[1]
It is also common in Thailand, especially in the northeast or Isaan province, where it is a ubiquitous part of the landscape.
[edit] See also
[edit] External links
- The Hindu: Delicious Summer Fruit
- The Hindu: Slurp! It's Nungu season
- Nungu for sale
- Tamil Nadu Palm Products Development Board
