Dyspnea

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Symptom/Sign: Dyspnea Image =
Classifications and external resources

ICD-10	R06.8
ICD-9	786.0
DiseasesDB	15892
MedlinePlus	003075
MeSH	D004417

Dyspnea or dyspnoea (pronounced disp-nee-ah, IPA /dɪsp'niə/), from Latin dyspnoea, from Greek dyspnoia from dyspnoos, shortness of breath) or shortness of breath (SOB) is perceived to be difficulty of breathing or painful breathing. It is a common symptom of numerous medical disorders.

Dyspnea on exertion (DOE or exertional dyspnea) indicates dyspnea that occurs (or worsens) during physical activity. Dyspnea on exertion is considered medically normal and does not warrant the ICD-9 786.09.

Contents 1 Disorders of the lungs 1.1 Obstructive lung diseases 1.2 Diseases of lung parenchyma and pleura 1.2.1 Contagious 1.2.2 Non-contagious 1.3 Pulmonary vascular diseases 2 Other causes of diminished breathing 2.1 Obstruction of the airway 2.2 Immobilization of the diaphragm 2.3 Restriction of the chest volume 2.4 Disorders of the cardiovascular system 2.5 Disorders of the blood and metabolism 2.6 Disorders affecting breathing nerves and muscles 2.7 Psychological conditions 2.8 Medications 3 See also 4 References 5 External links

[edit] Disorders of the lungs

[edit] Obstructive lung diseases

• Asthma
• Bronchitis
• Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
• Cystic fibrosis
• Emphysema
• Laryngeal edema due to allergies
• Hookworm disease

[edit] Diseases of lung parenchyma and pleura

[edit] Contagious

• Anthrax through inhalation of Bacillus anthracis
• Pneumonia

[edit] Non-contagious

• Fibrosing alveolitis
• Atelectasis
• Hypersensitivity pneumonitis
• Interstitial lung disease
• Lung cancer
• Pleural effusion
• Pneumoconiosis
• Pneumothorax
• Non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema or acute respiratory distress syndrome
• Sarcoidosis

[edit] Pulmonary vascular diseases

• Acute or recurrent pulmonary emboli
• Pulmonary hypertension, primary or secondary
• Pulmonary veno-occlusive disease
• Superior vena cava syndrome

[edit] Other causes of diminished breathing

[edit] Obstruction of the airway

• Cancer of the larynx or pharynx
• Empty nose syndrome
• Pulmonary aspiration
• Epiglottitis

[edit] Immobilization of the diaphragm

• Lesion of the phrenic nerve
• Polycystic liver disease
• Tumor in the diaphragm

[edit] Restriction of the chest volume

• Ankylosing spondylitis
• Broken ribs
• Kyphosis of the spine
• Obesity
• Pregnancy
• Pectus excavatum
• Scoliosis

[edit] Disorders of the cardiovascular system

• Aortic dissection
• Cardiomyopathy
• Congenital heart disease
• CREST syndrome
• Heart failure
• Ischaemic heart disease
• Malignant hypertension
• Pericardium disorders, including:
  • Cardiac tamponade
  • Constrictive pericarditis
  • Pericardial effusion
• Pulmonary edema
• Pulmonary embolism
• Valvular heart disease

[edit] Disorders of the blood and metabolism

• Anemia
• Hypothyroidism
• Metabolic acidosis
• Sepsis
• Leukemia

[edit] Disorders affecting breathing nerves and muscles

• Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
• Guillain-Barré syndrome
• Multiple sclerosis
• Myasthenia gravis
• Parsonage Turner syndrome
• Eaton-Lambert syndrome

[edit] Psychological conditions

• Anxiety disorders and panic attacks

[edit] Medications

• Fentanyl

[edit] See also

• Air hunger
• Apnea, absence of respiration
• Tachypnea, fast respiration
• Bradypnea, slow respiration
• Eupnea, normal respiration
• Orthopnea
• Trepopnea
• Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea

[edit] References

Lippincott Williams & Wilkins (2006). Stedman's Medical Dictionary, 28th Edition. Baltimore, Maryland: Julie K. Stegman, 601. ISBN 0-7817-3390-1. 

[edit] External links

v • d • e Symptoms and signs: circulatory and respiratory systems (R00-R09, 785-786) Cardiovascular system heartbeat: Tachycardia - Bradycardia - Palpitation blood flow: Heart murmur - Bruit/Carotid bruit - Epistaxis Gangrene Respiratory system and other chest symptoms Hemoptysis - Cough abnormalities of breathing (Dyspnea, Orthopnoea, Platypnea, Stridor, Wheeze, Cheyne-Stokes respiration, Hyperventilation, Mouth breathing, Hiccup, Bradypnea, Hypoventilation) Chest pain - Asphyxia - Pleurisy - Respiratory arrest - Sputum - Rales - Rhonchi - Hypercapnia