Brilliant Blue FCF
| Brilliant Blue FCF | |
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ethyl - [4 - [ [4 - [ethyl -[(3 - sulfophenyl) methyl] amino] phenyl] - (2 - sulfophenyl) methylidene] - 1 - cyclohexa - 2, 5 - dienylidene] - [(3 - sulfophenyl) methyl] azanium |
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Other names
FD&C Blue No.1 |
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| Identifiers | |
| CAS number | 3844-45-9  |
| PubChem | 19700 |
| ChemSpider | 18556 |
| UNII | H3R47K3TBD |
| Jmol-3D images | Image 1 |
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| Properties | |
| Molecular formula | C37H34N2Na2O9S3 |
 (verify) (what is:  / ?)Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C, 100 kPa) |
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| Infobox references | |
Brilliant Blue FCF (Blue 1), also known under commercial names, is a colorant for foods and other substances to induce a color change.(It also is almost chemically identical to green 3, with only the difference of one oxygen atom.) It is denoted by E number E133 and has a color index of 42090. It has the appearance of a reddish-blue powder. It is soluble in water, and the solution has a maximum absorption at about 628 nanometer.
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[edit] Chemistry
It is a synthetic dye produced using aromatic hydrocarbons from petroleum.[1] It can be combined with tartrazine (E102) to produce various shades of green.
It is usually a disodium salt. The diammonium salt has CAS number []. Calcium and potassium salts are also permitted. It can also appear as an aluminium lake. The chemical formation is C37H34N2Na2O9S3. The dye is poorly absorbed from the gastro-intestinal tract and 95% of the ingested dye can be found in the feces. It also reacts with certain bile pigments to form green feces.[citation needed]
[edit] Applications
As a blue color, Brilliant Blue FCF is often found in ice cream, canned processed peas, packet soups, bottled food colorings, icings, ice pops, blue raspberry flavored products, dairy products, sweets[2] and drinks. It is also used in soaps, shampoos, mouthwash[3] and other hygiene and cosmetics applications. In soil science, Brilliant Blue is applied in tracing studies to visualize infiltration and water distribution in the soil.
[edit] Health and safety
Brilliant Blue FCF has previously been banned in Austria, Belgium, Denmark, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Spain, Sweden, and Switzerland among others[citation needed] but has been certified as a safe food additive in the EU and is today legal in most of the countries. It has the capacity for inducing an allergic reaction in individuals with pre-existing moderate asthma.[4] In the United States production exceeds 1 million pounds annually, and daily consumption is around 16 mg per person.[citation needed] Extensive testing has led the National Institutes of Health to conclude that color additives do not cause hyperactivity.[5]
[edit] Biomedical research
Scientists who were investigating the use of compounds to lessen the severity of inflammation following spinal cord injury had previously tested a compound called OxATP to block a key ATP receptor in spinal neurons. However, OxATP has toxic side effects and must be injected directly into the spinal cord; in searching for alternatives they noted that Brilliant Blue FCF has a similar structure. This led them to test a related dye, Brilliant Blue G, also known as Coomassie Brilliant Blue in rats, which improved recovery from spinal cord injury.[6]
[edit] References
- ^ El Ali, Bassam M.; Bassam El Ali; Ali, Mohammad Farahat (2005). Handbook of industrial chemistry: organic chemicals. New York: McGraw-Hill. ISBN 0-07-141037-6.
- ^ Nestle Aero packet ingredients listing barcode: 7613031579334
- ^ "LISTERINE Antiseptic Mouthwash, SMART RINSE, WHITENING, ADVANCED, Fluoride Rinse, and Tartar Protection Products". Listerine.com. http://www.listerine.com/product-acb.jsp. Retrieved 2009-07-31.
- ^ J. Allergy Clin. Immunol.; VOL 64 ISS Jul 1979, P32-37, (REF 25)
- ^ FDA/IFIC Brochure, Food Color Facts. Food and Drug Administration. January 1993. http://www.cfsan.fda.gov/~lrd/colorfac.html.
- ^ Peng, Weiguo; Maria L. Cotrinaa, Xiaoning Hana, Hongmei Yua, Lane Bekara, Livnat Bluma, Takahiro Takanoa, Guo-Feng Tiana, Steven A. Goldmanb, and Maiken Nedergaard (July 28, 2009). "Systemic administration of an antagonist of the ATP-sensitive receptor P2X7 improves recovery after spinal cord injury". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 106 (30): 12489–12493. doi:10.1073/pnas.0902531106. PMC 2718350. PMID 19666625. http://www.pnas.org/content/106/30/12489.full. Retrieved 1 April 2010.
- W. H. Hansen; O. G. Fitzhugh, A. A. Nelson, K. J. Davis (1966). "Chronic toxicity of two food colors, Brilliant Blue FCF and Indigotine". Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 8 (1): 29–36. doi:10.1016/0041-008X(66)90097-4. PMID 5950860.
- J. F. Borzelleca; K. Depukat, J. B. Hallagan (1990). "Lifetime toxicity/carcinogenicity studies of FD & C blue No. 1 (Brilliant blue FCF) in rats and mice". Food and Chemical Toxicology 28 (4): 221–235. doi:10.1016/0278-6915(90)90034-K.
- J. P. Brown; A. Dorsky, F. E. Enderlin, R. L. Hale, V. A. Wright, T. M. Parkinson (1980). "Synthesis of 14C-labelled FD & C blue no. 1 (brilliant blue FCF) and its intestinal absorption and metabolic fate in rats". Food and Cosmetics Toxicology 18 (1): 1–5. doi:10.1016/0015-6264(80)90002-4.
