Buckwalter transliteration
The Buckwalter Arabic transliteration was developed at Xerox by Tim Buckwalter in the 1990s. It is an ASCII only transliteration scheme, representing Arabic orthography strictly one-to-one, unlike the more common romanization schemes that add morphological information not expressed in Arabic script. Thus, for example, a wāw will be transliterated as w regardless of whether it is realized as a vowel /uː/ or a consonant /w/. Only when the wāw is modified by a hamzah (ؤ) does the transliteration change to &. The unmodified letters are straightforward to read (except for *=dhaal and E=ayin, v=thaa), but the transliterations of letters with diacritics and the harakat take some time to get used to, for example the nunated -un, -an, -in appear as N, F, K, and the sukūn ("no vowel") as o. Taʾ marbūṭah ة is p.
[edit] Buckwalter transliteration table
| Arabic letters | ا | ب | ت | ث | ج | ح | خ | د | ذ | ر | ز | س | ش | ص | ض | ط | ظ | ع | غ | ف | ق | ك | ل | م | ن | ه | و | ي / ى[1] |
| DIN 31635 | ʾ / ā | b | t | ṯ | ǧ | ḥ | ḫ | d | ḏ | r | z | s | š | ṣ | ḍ | ṭ | ẓ | ʿ | ġ | f | q | k | l | m | n | h | w / ū | y / ī |
| Buckwalter | A | v | j | H | x | * | $ | S | D | T | Z | E | g | w | y | |||||||||||||
| Qalam | ' / aa | th | kh | dh | sh | ` | gh | |||||||||||||||||||||
| BATR | A / aa | c | K | z' | x | E | g | w / uu | y / ii | |||||||||||||||||||
| IPA (MSA) | ʔ, aː | b | t | θ | dʒ ɡ ʒ |
ħ | x χ |
d | ð | r | z | s | ʃ | sˤ | dˤ | tˤ | ðˤ zˤ |
ʕ | ɣ ʁ |
f | q | k | l | m | n | h | w, uː | j, iː |
- hamza
- lone hamza: '
- hamza on alif: >
- hamza below alif: <
- hamza on wa: &
- hamza on ya: }
- alif
- madda on alif: |
- alif al-wasla: {
- dagger alif: `
- alif maqsura: Y
- harakat
- fatha: a
- damma: u
- kasra: i
- fathatayn: F
- dammatayn: N
- kasratayn K
- shadda: ~
- sukun: o
- ta marbouta: p
- tatwil: _
