Budd Silverliner

PRR MP85B / Silverliner (II)
Train lead by the first Silverliner II #201 entering the Temple University Station in May 2006.
In service	1963–2012
Manufacturer	Budd Company
Built at	Red Lion Plant, Philadelphia
Family name	Pioneer III
Number built	59
Formation	Single unit
Fleet numbers	PRR cars: 201-219, 251-269 Reading cars: 9001-9017 USDOT cars: T1-T4
Capacity	124 w/ bathroom, 127 w/o
Operator	Pennsylvania Railroad Reading Railroad Penn Central Railroad Conrail SEPTA
Specifications
Car body construction	Stainless steel
Doors	2 end doors w/ traps
Maximum speed	100 mph (160 km/h) design 85 mph (137 km/h) service
Weight	101,400 lb (46,000 kg)
Traction system	Transformed line current fed through 4 mercury arc Ignitron rectifiers to a phase angle motor controller. All commuter cars later converted to silicon rectifier.
Power output	550 hp (410 kW)
Electric system(s)	12,000 V 25 Hz AC catenary
Current collection method	Pantograph
Braking system(s)	Pneumatic
Coupling system	Hybrid multi-function AAR tightlock later converted to WABCO Model N-2
Track gauge	4 ft 8 1⁄2 in (1,435 mm)

The Budd Silverliner was a model of Electric Multiple Unit railcar designed and built by the Budd Company with 59 examples being delivered starting in 1963. 55 of the cars were purchased for the Reading and Pennsylvania Railroads with public funds for use in Philadelphia, PA area commuter rail service with the remaining 4 car being purchased by USDOT for use in high speed rail experiments in 1965. Based on a series of 6 prototype Pioneer III cars built in 1958, the Silverliners represented the first production order of "modern" commuter MU equipment purchased by either railroad and earned their name from their unpainted stainless steel construction which contrasted with the painted carbon steel bodies of the pre-war MU fleets. The cars became a fixture of SEPTA Regional Rail service providing the name to their entire series of EMU railcars before finally being retired in 2012 after 49 years in service.

History

Penn Central operated Silverliner II outbound at Chelten Avenue in 1974.

In 1963 the financial condition of the Pennsylvania and Reading Railroads was such that neither was able to upgrade their money losing commuter operations on their own. As a result state and local government stepped in to purchase new cars that would be in turn used by the private railroads to run the required commuter operations through an entity known as the Passenger Service Improvement Corporation. The new cars would be a production order based on 6 1958 Pioneer III type cars with improvements based on the lessons learned from the earlier design. A total of 38 cars were purchased for the PRR with the remaining 17 going to the Reading. While some referred to the new vehicles as "PSIC Cars", the modern stainless steel body shells quickly defined the fleet and the name "Silverliner" was soon adopted. In addition to their looks, the cars introduced many other modern innovations to the Philadelphia including air conditioning, greater interior space (12 feet longer than the PRR MP54) seating up to 127 persons, high acceleration with a greater top speed and near silent operation.

The 38 PRR cars were numbered in two series, 201-219 and 250-269 and given PRR classification MP85B and MP85C respectively, while the 17 Reading cars were numbered 9001-9017 and given Reading classification REB-13. With the delivery of the second set of "Silverliners" in 1967, the original Budd Silverliners were renamed "Silverliner II" with the Pioneer III cars becoming Silverliner I. In 1968 the Pennsylvania Railroad was merged into the new Penn Central and although funding for the commuter rail services were being provided by the newly formed SEPTA, from 1963 until the formation of Conrail in 1976, the Silverliners were operated by and wore the livery of their respective railroads, the PRR Keystone being replaced by the Penn Central "Worms" after the merger and the Reading diamond throughout. After 1976 the service continued to be operated under Conrail, but the cars were fully branded as SEPTA and would operate as such until the end of their careers.

Former Reading class car #9001 seen at Wayne Junction in 2010.

In late 1984 the Center City Commuter Connection opened allowing the Reading and PRR cars to mix and roam about either "side" of the system. In 1989 the entire fleet was sent to the Morrison-Knudsen plant in Hornell, New York for a mid-life overhaul. In addition to this all of the cars eventually received upgrades to their propulsion system to increase reliability and remove PCBs and their HVAC systems to remove CFCs. In the 1990s the cars were treated to SEPTA's standard full length Red and Blue window decal wrapping and some of the cars had a minor interior upgrade with the original "ketchup and mustard" seats being converted to a padded brown leather appearance. By the year 2000 the cars' age was becoming apparent with decreasing reliability and lack of ADA compliance which included the manually operated doors which were becoming a hindrance at SEPTA's increasing number of stations equipped with high level platforms. However design delays and a contract bidding dispute delayed the order of their 120 replacement Silverliner V cars until past 2005 and then problems with the builder, Hyundai Rotem, setting up a production facility in South Philadelphia, further delayed deliveries until 2010. During this period an increasing number of Silverliner II cars began to be sidelined with serious mechanical problems with a few even catching fire in service. Due to the lack of a public address system the Silverliner II's were operating under an ADA waiver set to expire on July 1st, 2012 and with deliveries of Silverliner V cars accelerating SEPTA began to retire cars for reasons other than catastrophic failure starting in late 2011. By May 2012 most Silverliner II's had been retired and in their final week of service the last operating Silverliner II, #9010, was sent to run on the Cynwyd Line with the final run taking place on June 29th.

Design

Interior of a Budd Silverliner showing the leatherette decor applied to cars 259, 269, 9012 and 9015 in place of the standard "Ketchup and Mustard" styling.

The design of the Budd Silverliner was based on a light weight stainless steel body and frame coupled to an advanced AC/DC rectifier propulsion system and new light weight high speed trucks. While largely identical to the earlier Pioneer III's, differences included a single arm Faiveley pantograph, a state of the art propulsion system that made use of solid state phase angle controllers coupled to mercury arc ignitron rectifiers, higher powered motors, a higher capacity main transformer, multi-function couplers and disc brakes. One result of these upgrades was that the Silverliners were incompatible with the 6 Pioneer prototypes. Passenger amenities were also identical to the Pioneer III cars offering riders air cushion suspension, air conditioning, electric train heat and a nearly silent ride. With 150 hp (110 kW) more than the Pioneer III cars (550 hp/410 kW total) the Silverliners could achieve a 1.7 mph/s (2.7 km/(h·s)) acceleration rate which was far higher than the older MP54s and a top speed of 85–100 mph (137–160 km/h) compared with the 55–65 mph (89–105 km/h) of the MP54 fleet (which was not often reached in service). Inside the cars were equipped with 25 rows of 3+2 reversible bench seating with 124 usable seats and either a bathroom or an additional 3 person bench seat. The seats were furnished in a canvas textured padded covering in a "Ketchup and Mustard" theme, with the 3-seat units being mustard yellow and the 2-seat units being a dark ketchup red. 4 cars, #259, #269, #9012 and #9015, were latter fitted with brown vinyl leatherette seats, but that experiment was not applied to the rest of the fleet.

Side view of the Budd Pioneer III truck on Silverliner II No. 9009 showing the suspension elements and cowcatcher applied to the Reading cars.

Despite both Reading and PRR cars being paid for in part by the PSIC, each railroad was allowed to put their own stamp on the design. These differences included the PRR units being fitted with only one overhead luggage rack, a bar pilot, a metal framed engineer's window and cab signals, with the Reading cars being fitted with a cowcatcher and twin overhead luggage racks. The first group of PRR cars (#201-219) were intended by be used on longer distance runs to places like Harrisburg, PA and New York City and were equipped with a bathroom on the 'F' end to facilitate this. The second set of PRR cars along with all of the Reading cars were not equipped with such facilities, substituting the 3 person bench seat is its place. While all of the Silverliner cars were delivered with disc brakes the PRR disliked the feature as it required trains to be placed over a drop pit for routine brake work and all of their 38 cars were converted to conventional tread brakes by 1968. The Reading cars were not converted to tread braking until after the Conrail/SEPTA era began in 1976. In addition to the disc brakes all classes of Budd Silverliner were delivered with an early multi-function coupler design that consisted of an AAR "tightlock" knuckle coupler mounted above a separate automatic coupler for air and electrical connections. This design allowed the new MU cars to be attached to the existing pre-War MU stock and towed behind either railroads' locomotive fleet without modification. However the newer fleet of 232 Silverliner IVs were delivered with Budd's new "pin and cup" coupler and both the Silverliner II and III fleets were modified to both couple to and MU with the IV's, as opposed to the older cars the IVs were replacing. When this change was carried out the Penn Central fitted its cars with a welded bar pilot to protect the leading wheels from debris impact.

Notable Cars and Incidents

Silverliner II No. 269 still carrying "PENNSYLVANIA" name boards.

• No. 210 - Destroyed by fire in the early 1970s
• No. 218 - Had sheet metal cover partly removed from one of its letterboards revealing the 'LVANIA' portion of the original PENNSYLVANIA.
• No. 257 - Severely damaged by an electrical fire while in service on November 5, 2009. Destroyed and Retired.
• No. 265 - Retired after involvement in rear end collision on the West Chester Branch on October 19, 1979.
• No. 266 - Converted to serve double duty as an overhead wire inspection "camera" car.
• No. 269 - Restored for the 25th anniversary of the PRR Technical and Historical Society and 50th anniversary of the National Railroad Historical Society to original PRR appearance with PENNSYLVANIA letterboards on both sides and PRR Keystones on each cab end. Keystones were stolen shortly after the car went back into service.

Experimental Silverliners

As part of the High Speed Ground Transportation Act of 1965 the United States Department of Transportation placed an order for 4 additional Silverliners for use as test vehicles to explore the feasibility of a high speed rail line in the United States. Numbered T-1 through T-4, the cars were modified for operation up to speeds of 150 mph and were outfitted with various instrumentation to document the effects of rail travel at such speeds including CCTV cameras to monitor the wheels and panthgraph. The most visible change was a slightly streamlined slab end applied to the T-1 car to reduce drag during at high speed after the 4-car trainset was unable to reach the 150 mph speed target with the stock end. With the new streamlining in place the train was able to reach a top speed of 156 mph on the straight track between Trenton and New Brunswick, NJ. As a result this same level of deflection was applied to the front ends of the production high speed MU Budd Metroliners. During the tests the cars were based at the PRR's Morrisville Yard engine facility and after the texts were completed at least one of the cars was de-powered and used as a USDoT rail testing vehicle for some years afterward.

See also

• Budd Metroliner
• M1 (railcar)
• Silverliner
• SEPTA Regional Rail