Buick Century

Buick Century

Manufacturer	General Motors
Also called	Buick Regal (in Japan)
Model years	1936–1942 1954–1958 1973–2005
Predecessor	Buick Series 60
Successor	Buick LaCrosse
Class	Full-size (1936–1958) Mid-size (1973–2005)
Body style	2-door coupe 4-door sedan 4-door station wagon

Buick Century is the model name used by the Buick division of General Motors for a line of luxury performance cars from 1936 to 1942 and 1954 to 1958, and from 1973 to 2005 for a mid-size luxury car.

The model name Century came about when Buick was designing its first production automobile capable of reaching a speed of 100 mph. The division needed to come up with a name. One of the Buick executives had returned from a recent trip to the British isles and told the other executives that the British referred to going 100 mph as "doing the century". The executives liked the Century name and it stuck.^{[citation needed]}

The Century was sold as the Buick Regal in Japan, as Toyota owns the right to the name Century.

1954–1958

Second generation full-size Century

Model years	1954–1958
Body style	4-door sedan 2-door coupe 2-door convertible 4-door hardtop station wagon
Layout	FR layout
Platform	B-body
Engine	322 ci 4-bbl. 255hp V8 364 ci V8
Wheelbase	122"
Length	206.3"(1954) 206.7"(1955) 205.1"(1956) 208.4"(1957) 211.8"(1958)
Width	76"(1954-1955)
Height	60.5(1954) 59.8"(1956)

In 1954, Buick reintroduced the Century using the same formula of mating the smaller, lighter Buick Special body to its largest and most powerful 322 cubic inch V8 engine with the intent of giving Buick a performance vehicle. Included in the model lineup during this period was a station wagon model, a body style that had been unavailable during the Century's first production period of 1936 to 1942.

Introduced in the middle of the 1955 model year the 4-door Buick Century Riviera along with the 4-door Special Riviera and the 4-door Oldsmobile 98 Holiday and 4-door 88 Holiday, were the first 4-door hardtops ever produced.

In 1955, the California Highway Patrol placed a large fleet order for Century 2-door sedans, a body style unavailable to the general public. It combined the Special 2-door sedan body shell with Century powertrain and trim. Broderick Crawford was shown driving a 2-door Century sedan during the first season of his popular syndicated TV series "Highway Patrol". (In later seasons he'd drive a four-door Century, like his real life counterparts in the California Highway Patrol.) Power brakes were optional. Tubeless tires were new.

The Century remained Buick's performance line, with engine power rising from 200 (SAE gross) in 1954, to 236 in 1955, to 255 in 1956, and topping out at 300 from a bored-out 364 cu in (6.0 L) engine in 1957-58, the last model years for the full sized Century line.

In 1956 the Century's base price was $2,963. Power windows were standard in the convertible. A padded safety dash became optional.

Because the Century was considered the senior "small Buick", the model received GM's only hardtop station wagon, the Century Caballero, from 1957 through 1958. The Caballero's expensive tooling, plus its limited sales appeal, caused GM to abandon the hardtop station wagon body style going into its planned 1959 divisional-wide new design program.

For 1959, Buick renamed the Century the Invicta.

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  1955 Buick century Riviera coupe

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  1956 Buick Century Riviera

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  1956 Buick Century Riviera coupe

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  1958 Buick Century Riviera

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  1958 Buick Century Riviera

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  1958 Buick Century Riviera

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  1958 Buick Century convertible

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  1958 Buick Century Caballero Estate

1969

In 1969, Buick created a dream car known as the Century Cruiser, using futuristic design and features while recycling the Century name.

1973–1977

Third generation

Model years	1973–1977
Assembly	Flint, Michigan, United States Framingham, Massachusetts, United States
Body style	2-door coupe 4-door sedan 4-door station wagon
Layout	FR layout
Platform	A-body
Engine	231 in³ V6 350 in³ V8 455 in³ V8 403 in³ V8 (1977 wagons only)
Related	Buick Regal Chevrolet Malibu Oldsmobile Cutlass Pontiac Grand Prix

The Buick Century nameplate returned the rear-wheel drive intermediate A-body, shared with siblings like the Pontiac Grand Prix, Pontiac LeMans, Pontiac GTO, Pontiac Can Am, Pontiac Grand Am, and Oldsmobile Cutlass Supreme. When all of GM's intermediate models were redesigned in 1973, the Century name replaced Skylark on Buick's mid-size sedans and wagons and some coupes. Beginning at this point, Century was a mainstay of Buick's smaller line, along with the new upmarket Regal coupe. It was available with two- and four-barrel versions of the Buick 350, putting out 150 and 175 horsepower (130 kW) respectively. The 250 hp 455 was also an option.

With the vanishing of the Skylark coupe after 1972, the Century inherited the potent Gran Sport performance option. While the Stage I 455 in³ (7.5 L) V8 was somewhat diminished from its performance heyday due to emission controls, the Century GS coupes of 1973 to 1975 remained strong performers by the standards of the time. At the other end of the power spectrum, to meet fuel economy regulations, some later models of this generation were equipped with 231 in³ (3.8 L) V6s.

In 1973 and 1974, the Luxus high-end trim level was offered for the Century, but for 1975 that line was renamed the Century Custom. Also beginning in 1975, the new 110 hp (82 kW) 231 V6 was installed as standard equipment, and the optional big-block 455 was now exclusive to the station wagon. After the 455's demise, the Oldsmobile 403 was available on 1977 Century wagons. GM intermediates got a facelift for 1976, giving the Century quad rectangular headlamps and a taller, flatter grille.

Between 1975 and 1977, a Buick Special coupe was marketed as part of the Century model lineup as an entry level vehicle. Called the "Century Special" in Buick literature, the coupe was based on the 2-door fastback body style but had a special landau roof that covered most of the quarter glass, giving it the appearance of the higher-lever formal roof cars. 1976 and 1977 models had a unique body-color header panel.

It should also be noted that, like in "Highway Patrol" before it, several of this generation Century appeared in "Kojak", driven by Telly Savalas and other squadroom members.

1978–1981

Fourth generation

Model years	1978–1981
Assembly	Framingham, Massachusetts, United States
Body style	2-door coupe 4-door sedan 4-door station wagon
Layout	FR layout
Platform	A-body
Engine	196 cu in (3.2 L) Buick V6 231 cu in (3.8 L) Buick V6 265 cu in (4.3 L) Pontiac V8 301 cu in (4.9 L) Pontiac V8 350 cu in (5.7 L) Oldsmobile diesel V8
Transmission	3-speed THM200, 250, 350 automatic 3-speed manual 4-speed Saginaw manual
Wheelbase	108.1 in (2,746 mm)
Length	196 in (4,978 mm)
Curb weight	3130-3425 lb
Related	Buick Regal Chevrolet Malibu Oldsmobile Cutlass Pontiac Grand Prix

In 1978, a downsized, redesigned Century appeared in the form of a fastback coupe ("aeroback") and sedan (the body was shared with the Oldsmobile Cutlass Salon), as well as a more traditionally styled station wagon. The car was over a foot shorter, several inches narrower, and several hundred pounds lighter than its predecessor. V6 engines were still standard due to fuel economy regulations. The base engine was Buick's new 196, introduced specifically for the Century and Regal. The 231 and the Chevrolet 305 were options. The Pontiac 265 and 301 replaced the Chevrolet engine for 1979.

One of the more rare models of this time was the 1979 to 1980 Century Turbo Coupe, powered by a turbocharged version of the 3.8 L V6, which offered V8-like performance with more reasonable fuel consumption. The Turbo Coupe was not nearly as popular as the similar Regal Turbo Sport Coupe of the time, and total production is estimated to be less than 2,500.

The fastback sedan also did not sell well (in common with the similar Cutlass Salon sedan) and it was revamped as a more conventional notchback in 1980. The "Limited" coupe was also dropped this year. For 1981, the fastback coupe was dropped. With the introduction of the new front wheel drive Century in 1982 (see below), the existing notchback sedan and wagon models were transferred to the Regal line.

1982–1996

Fifth generation

Also called	Buick Luxus/Regal (Japan)
Model years	1982–1996
Assembly	Oshawa, Ontario, Canada Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States Framingham, Massachusetts, United States Tarrytown, New York, United States Ramos Arizpe, Mexico, Valencia, Venezuela
Body style	2-door coupe 4-door sedan 4-door station wagon
Layout	FF layout
Platform	A-body
Engine	2.2 L LN2 I4 2.5 L Tech IV I4 2.8 L LE2/LB6 V6 3.0 L Buick V6 3.1 L L82 V6 3.3 L LG7 V6 3.8 L LG3 V6 4.3 L LT7 diesel V6
Transmission	GM TH-125C 3-speed automatic GM 440-T4 4-speed automatic GM 4T60-E 4-speed automatic
Wheelbase	104.8 in (2,662 mm) (1982–1990) 104.9 in (2,664 mm) (1991–96)
Length	189.1 in (4,803 mm) (sedan & coupe) 190.9 in (4,849 mm) (wagon)
Width	69.4 in (1,763 mm)
Height	53.7 in (1,364 mm) (sedan & coupe) 54.1 in (1,374 mm) (wagon)
Related	Oldsmobile Cutlass Ciera Pontiac 6000 Chevrolet Celebrity

1986-1988 Buick Century Estate Wagon

In 1981, another downsized Century arrived, this time on the front wheel drive A platform, in coupe and sedan form. In 1984, a station wagon was added to the lineup to replace the departed Regal wagon. 1984 also saw an Olympic version of the Buick Century, commemorating the 1984 games in Los Angeles, California. In 1986, all versions were "freshened" with a new, more angular front fascia. Wheelbase was 104.9 in (2664 mm), with 189 in (4800mm) overall length. Both four-cylinder gasoline units and diesel V6 engines were offered in this generation, although neither became popular. Performance versions of several Buick models, including the Century coupe, were offered in the mid 1980s under the T-Type name. With Buick's 181 cu in (3.0 L) V6 producing 110 hp (82 kW), the Century T-Type's performance was modest, but the 3.8 SFI engine, producing 140-150 hp (105-112 kW), offered spirited performance in this comparatively lightweight vehicle.

In 1985 and 1986, Hess & Eisenhardt/Car Craft of Lima, Ohio converted 124 finished Buick Century coupes into coachbuilt convertibles. Although these convertibles were sold as new cars through Buick dealerships, these convertible conversions were not factory authorized. In the Japanese market Buick could not use the "Century" name, as that was already in use for the Toyota Century, so it was marketed as the "Buick Luxus" instead. Later it was sold in Japan as the Buick Regal.

1989 refresh

1989–1990 Buick Century sedan

The Century received a facelift for 1989, gaining a new more-rounded roofline, but continuing on the A-body platform. Black plastic inserts with the Buick trishield emblem replaced the rear quarter windows. The front end received flush headlamps and a rounded grille, and the stand-up hood ornament was now standard. All sedan models were easily distinguished by their distinctive full-width taillights, a somewhat extravagant flourish on a smaller sedan, but one that carried on a Buick tradition of big taillights. An interior refresh came in 1991.

The 2.5 L I4 was replaced with a new 115 hp 2.2 L for 1993. For 1994, the slow-selling coupe model was dropped (603 sold in 1993, or 0.5 percent of overall Century sales), and all models received a standard driver's side airbag. Also in 1994, the 160 hp 3.3 L Buick V6 was replaced with a 3.1 L V6 with the same power rating, and power on the 2.2 L I4 was up to 120 hp (89 kW) with the introduction of MFI. Midway through the 1994 model year, a round speedometer replaced the wide rectangular one, but the car still carried on with the original 1982-style dash.

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  1985 Buick Century coupe

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  1986–1988 Buick Century sedan

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  1991–1993 Buick Century sedan

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  1994-1996 Buick Century wagon

Engines

Years	Engine	Power	Torque	Notes
1982–1988	2.5 L (151 cu in) Tech IV TBI I4	90 hp (67 kW)	134 lb·ft (182 N·m)	Also with 92 hp
1989–1992	2.5 L (151 cu in) Tech IV I4	110 hp (82 kW)	135 lb·ft (183 N·m)
1993	2.2 L (134 cu in) LN2 I4	110 hp (82 kW)	130 lb·ft (176 N·m)
1994–1996		120 hp (89 kW)	130 lb·ft (176 N·m)
1982–1985	3.0 L (181 cu in) Buick V6	110 hp (82 kW)	145 lb·ft (197 N·m)
1982–1986	2.8 L (173 cu in) LE2 V6	112 hp (84 kW)	135 lb·ft (183 N·m)
1986–1988	2.8 L (173 cu in) LB6 V6	125 hp (93 kW)	160 lb·ft (217 N·m)
1989–1993	3.3 L (204 cu in) LG7 V6	160 hp (119 kW)	185 lb·ft (251 N·m)
1994–1996	3.1 L (191 cu in) L82 MFI/SFI V6	160 hp (119 kW)	185 lb·ft (251 N·m)
1984–1985	3.8 L (231 cu in) LG3 V6	125 hp (93 kW)	195 lb·ft (264 N·m)	MFI
1986–1988		150 hp (112 kW)	200 lb·ft (271 N·m)	SFI
1982–1985	4.3 L (262 cu in) LT7 Diesel V6	85 hp (63 kW)	165 lb·ft (224 N·m)

1997–2005

Sixth generation

Model years	1997–2005
Assembly	Oshawa, Ontario, Canada
Body style	4-door sedan
Layout	FF layout
Platform	W-body 2nd Gen
Engine	3.1 L L82 V6 3.1 L LG8 V6
Transmission	4-speed 4T60-E automatic 4-speed 4T65-E automatic
Wheelbase	109.0 in (2,769 mm)
Length	194.6 in (4,943 mm)
Width	72.7 in (1,847 mm)
Height	56.6 in (1,438 mm)
Related	Buick Regal Chevrolet Impala Chevrolet Monte Carlo Oldsmobile Intrigue Pontiac Grand Prix

2000 Buick Century Limited

In 1997, the Century was redesigned for the last time, the four-door sedan was the only body style offered (the station wagon was dropped due to decreasing sales), and still a front wheel drive V6-powered configuration. Plainer "Custom" and fancier "Limited" trim levels were carried over from the previous generation. The 1997 redesign moved Centuries to the W-body platform, rejoining its former Regal sibling. In this generation, the Century and Regal were nearly the same car, distinguished only by seating configurations, trim, and engine differences. Since the Century was lower-priced than the Regal, it was also the lower-powered and plainer of the two, offering only a 3.1 L V6. In keeping with its traditional image, the 6-passenger Century came equipped with a front bench seat and column shifter, while the more performance-oriented 5-passenger Regal came standard with front bucket seats and console shifter. After the 1998 discontinuation of the Skylark, the Century for the first time became Buick's entry-level car. Buick tried to position the Century as a lower-priced alternative to Japanese family sedans like the Toyota Camry and Honda Accord. For 2003, trim levels were eliminated, leaving one standard model. Additionally, the "Century" nameplate on the front doors was dropped, and only seen on the vehicle's taillights.

Changes were relatively few over the Century's nine-year run. The all-new Buick LaCrosse replaced both the Century and Regal in 2005. A limited run of Centuries with special trim were produced for 2005 to mark the end of the name. GM rolled off the last Buick Century off the Oshawa assembly line on October 25, 2004.

Engines

• 1997–1999 L82 3.1 L (191 in³) V6 160 hp (120 kW), 185 lb·ft (251 N·m)
• 2000–2005 LG8 3.1 L (191 in³) V6 175 hp (130 kW), 195 lb·ft (264 N·m)

China

From May 1999, Shanghai GM produced a version of the Century for the Chinese market. These models had slightly different names: the entry-level model was the Buick New Century, with more upscale models carrying the GL and GLX names. Later, G and GS models were added. Since the Century was sold in Asia, it should not be confused with the Japanese-market Toyota Century.

External links

• A-body.net - 82-96 GM A-body Website & Forum