Burgenland Croatian
| Burgenland Croatian | |
|---|---|
| gradišćanskohrvatski jezik | |
| Native to | Austria, Hungary, Czech Republic, Slovakia |
| Native speakers | 19,000 (2001) |
| Language family |
Indo-European
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| Recognised minority language in |  Austria,  Hungary |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | – |
| Linguist List | hrv-bur |
| South Slavic languages and dialects |
|---|
| Western South Slavic |
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| Eastern South Slavic |
| Transitional dialects |
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| Alphabets |
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| a Includes Banat Bulgarian alphabet. |
Burgenland Croatian (gradišćanskohrvatski jezik) is a regional variety of the Chakavian dialect of the Serbo-Croatian language spoken in Austria, Hungary, the Czech Republic and Slovakia. Burgenland Croatian is recognized as a minority language in the Austrian state of Burgenland where it is spoken by 19,412 people according to official reports (2001). Many of the Burgenland Croatian speakers in Austria also live in Vienna and Graz, due to the process of urbanization, which is mostly driven by the poor economic situation of large parts of Burgenland.
Smaller Croatian minorities in western Hungary, southwestern Slovakia and southern Czech Republic are often also called Burgenland Croats. They use the Burgenland Croatian written language and are historically and culturally closely connected to the Austrian Croats. The representatives of the Burgenland Croats estimate their total number in all three countries and emigration at around 70,000.
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Dialects [edit]
- Štoj dialect: dialect of the Croatian folklore group Štoji (Güttenbach, Stinatz, Neuberg), is a Shtokavian–Chakavian mixed dialect
- Vlah dialect: dialect of the Vlahi, is a Shtokavian dialect in Weiden bei Rechnitz, Zuberbach, Althodis, Schandorf, Dürnbach, Allersdorf, etc.
- Dolinci dialect: dialect of the Dolinci in Unterpullendorf, Frankenau, Kleinmutschen, etc. is a Chakavian dialect
- Poljan dialect: dialect of the Poljanci near the Neusiedl Lake, is a Chakavian dialect
- Hac dialect: Chakavian dialect of Haci near the Neusidl
- some Croats speak a Kajkavian dialect near the Neusidl
- Grob dialect: a Kajkavian dialect
History [edit]
Burgenland Croatian was the language of Croatian refugees who fled Croatia during the Turkish Wars and settled in the western part of what was then Hungary, the area where they still live. Burgenland Croats included speakers of all three dialects of the Croatian language (Shtokavian, Chakavian and Kajkavian), with the majority being the Chakavians who originally stem from the northern Adriatic coast.
Burgenland Croats did not take part in the shaping of the present Croatian standard language in the 19th century. Instead, they constructed their own written standard based mainly on the local Chakavian speech and adopted the Croatian alphabet, a modified Latin alphabet, as their script.
It is still a matter of debate whether Burgenland Croatian should be classified as a Slavic micro-language of its own. Burgenland Croatian dialects are mostly viewed as isolated dialects of the Croatian language.
The Burgenland Croatian language and the Prekmurian language (this is a Slovene language-variant in the Prekmurje and Hungary) was to press with interact. The first prekmurian works (for exampl. Old hymn-book of Martjanci) was apply to the Burgenland Croatian books. Few writer of the prekmurian language was Burgenland Croatian descent (for exampl. Jakab Szabár) and also the Burgenland Croatian language (József Ficzkó).
Written language [edit]
Burgenland Croatian written language is based mainly on the local Chakavian speeches with some influences from the other Croatian dialects spoken in Burgenland. It uses the Latin alphabet with the same diacritical modifiers as the Croatian alphabet. In the course of language development it acquired some of its own specialised vocabulary, sometimes different from that used in standard Croatian.
Spoken language [edit]
Croats living in the south of Burgenland speak mainly the Shtokavian dialect, those in the central part the Kajkavian dialect, and in the north (close to Vienna) the Chakavian dialect.
Differences between Standard and Burgenland Croatian [edit]
| English | Standard Croatian | Burgenland Croatian |
|---|---|---|
| black | crna | črna |
| diver | ronilac | ronilac |
| word | riječ | rič |
| Jesus Christ | Isus Krist | Jezuš Kristuš |
| squash | buča | tikva, tikvica |
| floor | dno | tlo |
| village, settlement | mjesto, naselje | selo |
| rural | mjesni | seoski |
| lower | donji | dolnji |
The Lord's prayer in Slovene, Burgenland Croatian and Standard Croatian [edit]
| Slovene | Burgenland Croatian | Croatian |
|---|---|---|
| Oče naš, ki si v nebesih, posvečeno bodi tvoje ime, |
Oče naš, ki si na nebesi, sveti se ime tvoje, |
Oče naš, koji jesi na nebesima, sveti se ime tvoje, |
(See Lord's Prayer for English versions).
External links [edit]
- Burgenland Croatian Center in Vienna (English) (Croatian) (German)
- Scientific Institute of the Burgenland Croats (Croatian) (German)
- Croatian Cultural and Documentation Center in Eisenstadt/Željezno (German)
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