Burs (Dacia)
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The Burs (Latin Buri, Buredeense, Buridavenses and Greek Βοῦροι) were a Dacian tribe living in Dacia in the 1st and 2nd centuries Common Era, with their capital city at Buridava.[2][3][4]
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[edit] Name
According to Tomaschek, the root bur- is well known with the Dacian Thracian names: i.e. Burus (Thrax), Bουρχέντιος (that is to say Bhūri–Kanta, a Bessian from Thrace[5]), Burebista (the king of Dacians that is maybe from Sanskrit bhūri "abundant, rich" and Iranian vista "possessor" [5]).[6]
[edit] Historical evidence
The Dacian tribe Buredeense / Buri is attested by the ninth tabula of Europe of Ptolemy's Geography[3], Cassius Dio[2] and inscriptions.[7]
Before the battle of Tapae (in the first campaign of Trajan) the Dacian tribe, the Buri, sent Trajan a message to the effect that he should withdraw from Dacia and restore peaceful relations. Their message to him was inscribed on the smooth top of a very large mushroom, in Latin[8],[2]. This message was unusual enough to become part of a frieze on Trajan's column.[8]
[edit] Identity and distribution
According to Shchukin (1989), Bichir (1976) the tribal union of Buri were part of the Dacian state of Burebista, besides the Daci, the Getae, and the Carpi.[9]
They allied with other tribes in the region to support the efforts by Decebal, the Dacian king, to turn back the Romans. There were two Dacian tribes Buri: one in the later Roman Dacia centered around Buridava and other located to the North West of Dacia (South of Slovakian Carpathians) in the Upper Basin of Tisza.[10] (Note: the Germanic Buri were between the Oder and the Vistula, between Cracow and Troppau, in Silesia. They were allies of Trajan, Roman Emperor, in his war against the Dacians, and also of Marcus Aurellus in the Marcomanic War.[11])
The socio-political formation of the Dacians Buri / Buridavensi that was centered around Buridava was located to the North East of Oltenia and Muntenia (modern Vâlcea and Argeş counties) and also on the other side of the Carpathians, in the regions of Sebeş and Făgăraş mountains.[12] This tribal union is documented by the archaeological monetary findings Aninoasa Dobresti.[12] Among other evidences, a fragment of a vase carrying the inscription BUR, discovered at Ocnita, Muntenia, Romania, indicates the name of the tribe or union of tribes, the Buridavensi Dacians.[7]
The Buri of the Upper Basin of Tisza is a part of the Buridavensi that migrated towards North West, where they neighbored the Germanic Quadi. At the new location, ancient sources also list other Dacian tribes: Piegetae, Biessi, Carpians, Arsitae, and Racatae[10].
The material culture of a mixed Dacian-Germanic origin, known in Slovakia ever since the beginning of the first century AD (at Zemplin, for instance), could represent the population named Buri in historical sources.[13]
[edit] Notes
- ^ Vasile Barbu, Cristian Schuster Grigore G. Tocilescu si "Cestiunea Adamclisi" Pagini din Istoria Arheologiei Romanesti ISBN 737925580-0
- ^ a b c Pârvan 1928, p. 159.
- ^ a b Oltean 2007, p. 46.
- ^ Austin, & Rankov 1998, p. 65.
- ^ a b Tomaschek 1883, p. 403.
- ^ Parvan 1928, p. 224.
- ^ a b MacKenzie 1986, p. 66.
- ^ a b Austin & Rankov 1998, p. 65.
- ^ Taylor 2001, p. 210-216.
- ^ a b Pârvan 1926, p. 336.
- ^ Johnson & Tacitus 1885, p. 71.
- ^ a b Berciu 1981, p. 157.
- ^ Pop, Bolovan & Andea 2006, p. 98.
[edit] See also
[edit] References
- Rankov, . N. B. (1998). Exploratio: Military and Political Intelligence in the Roman World from the Second Punic War to the Battle of Adrianople. Routledge. ISBN ISBN 0415183014 ISBN 978-0415183017.
- Berciu, Dumitru (1981). Buridava dacică, Volume 1. Academiei RS Romania.
- Johnson, Henry Clark; Tacitus (1885). The Agricola and Germania of Cornelius Tacitus: with explanatory notes and maps. AS Barnes and Co..
- MacKenzie, Andrew (1986). Archaeology in Romania: The Mystery of the Roman occupation. Hale. ISBN 0709027249 9780709027249.
- Oltean, Ioana Adina (2007). Dacia: landscape, colonisation and romanisation. Routledge. ISBN ISBN 0415412528 ISBN 978-0415412520.
- Andea, Susana (2006). History of Romania : compendium. Cluj-Napoca : Romanian Cultural Institute. ISBN 973778412X, 9789737784124.
- Pârvan, Vasile (1928). Dacia. Cambridge University Press.
- Tomaschek, W (2007). Les restes de la langue dace. Routledge. ISBN ISBN 0415412528 ISBN 978-0415412520.
[edit] External links
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