Buy, Kostroma Oblast
| Buy (English) Буй (Russian) |
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| - Town[citation needed] - | |
.svg) Location of Kostroma Oblast in Russia |
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 Buy
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| Coordinates: 58°29′N 41°32′E / 58.483°N 41.533°ECoordinates: 58°29′N 41°32′E / 58.483°N 41.533°E | |
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| Administrative status (as of February 2011) | |
| Country | Russia |
| Federal subject | Kostroma Oblast[1] |
| Administratively subordinated to | town of oblast significance of Buy[1] |
| Administrative center of | town of oblast significance of Buy[1] |
| Municipal status (as of December 2011) | |
| Urban okrug | Buy Urban Okrug[2] |
| Administrative center of | Buy Urban Okrug[2] |
| Statistics | |
| Population (2010 Census, preliminary) |
25,763 inhabitants[3] |
| Population (2002 Census) | 27,392 inhabitants[4] |
| Time zone | MSK (UTC+04:00)[5] |
| Founded | 1536[citation needed] |
| Town status since | 1778[citation needed] |
Buy (Russian: Буй) is a town in Kostroma Oblast, Russia, which stands on the Kostroma River. Population: 25,763 (2010 Census preliminary results);[3] 27,392 (2002 Census);[4] 32,701 (1989 Census).[6]
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[edit] History
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This section does not cite any references or sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (February 2012) |
Buy was originally a trading post and protected by a hill fortress of Finno-Ugrian Meri people c. 400-500 CE. Its original Meri name is not known, but in Finnish language it was called either Vuoksensuu or Vieksansuu (Mouth of Vuoksi/Vieksa). It was inhabited by the Finno-Ugrian peoples of the area at least up to the Mongol invasion to Russia in 1237-1238. During the Mongol threat, few inhabitants of Kostroma sought refuge in Buy, and it seems that they renamed the place Buy (Vui, Bui) instead of difficult Finno-Ugrian name, but the origin of the Russian name comes from the old Meri name.
Buy was founded in 1536 as a fortified point at the confluence of the Kostroma River and the Vyoksa River. The fortified point was built according to the order of Yelena Glinskaya, the regentess of Russia at that time and the mother of Ivan the Terrible, to defend the eastern frontiers of Muscovy from raids of Kazan Tatars and others. However, twenty years after its construction the fortress has lost its military significance, as Kazan was taken and the raids ceased.
During Buy's first three and a half centuries, the population scarcely exceeded 2,000. Except for officials and priests, most inhabitants were peasants and small craftsmen. Cottage industries included pottery, iron, leather, felt, wool, carpentry, painting, blacksmithing, and oil pressing. These products were primitive and distribution was local; even export to a neighboring area was considered a commercial success.
One exception was the distillery, the predecessor of the current chemical plant. Almost the only factory in town, the distillery employed forty workers producing 600,000 liters of vodka annually. The soft bog water allowed the plant to produce a high-quality product which was sold even in provincial capitals.
Buy was granted town status in 1778, in the reign of Catherine the Great.
In 1905, a branch of the Saint Petersburg-Vyatka Railway (completed in 1908) reached Buy. At the same time, the railroad running north from Yaroslavl through Danilov arrived, so that Buy became a railroad junction town. The new Buy railway station was located 682 versts (728 km) from Saint Petersburg and 576 versts (614 km) from Moscow.
In 1914-1915 the Russians built a large POW camp for captured Austrian, Hungarian and German prisoners of war. It was located three versts south of Buy in Korega at the west bank of Kostroma River. After the Peace Treaty of Brest-Litowsk was signed on March 3, 1918 under the terms of Peace Treaty all prisoners of war were released. The camp was left empty.
After the end of the Finnish Civil War in 1918, many Finnish Reds who escaped into Soviet Russia were relocated to the Buy camp as their first place to create a Communist society. In May 1918 there were 3,268 Finns in Buy. Most of them relocated soon after, so that in July only about 500 remained. Few stayed in Buy, and some that did were deported during the Great Purge two decades later.
[edit] Administrative and municipal status
Administratively, it is incorporated as the town of oblast significance of Buy—an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the districts.[1] Municipally, the town of oblast significance of Buy is incorporated as Buy Urban Okrug.[2]
[edit] References
[edit] Notes
- ^ a b c d Law #112-4-ZKO
- ^ a b c Law #237-ZKO
- ^ a b Федеральная служба государственной статистики (Federal State Statistics Service) (2011). "Предварительные итоги Всероссийской переписи населения 2010 года (Preliminary results of the 2010 All-Russian Population Census)" (in Russian). Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года (2010 All-Russia Population Census). Federal State Statistics Service. http://www.perepis-2010.ru/results_of_the_census/results-inform.php. Retrieved February 9, 2012.
- ^ a b Федеральная служба государственной статистики (Federal State Statistics Service) (May 21, 2004). "Численность населения России, субъектов Российской Федерации в составе федеральных округов, районов, городских поселений, сельских населённых пунктов – районных центров и сельских населённых пунктов с населением 3 тысячи и более человек (Population of Russia, its federal districts, federal subjects, districts, urban localities, rural localities—administrative centers, and rural localities with population of over 3,000)" (in Russian). Всероссийская перепись населения 2002 года (All-Russia Population Census of 2002). Federal State Statistics Service. http://www.perepis2002.ru/ct/doc/1_TOM_01_04.xls. Retrieved February 9, 2012.
- ^ Правительство Российской Федерации. Постановление №725 от 31 августа 2011 г. «О составе территорий, образующих каждую часовую зону, и порядке исчисления времени в часовых зонах, а также о признании утратившими силу отдельных Постановлений Правительства Российской Федерации». Вступил в силу по истечении 7 дней после дня официального опубликования. Опубликован: "Российская Газета", №197, 6 сентября 2011 г. (Government of the Russian Federation. Resolution #725 of August 31, 2011 On the Composition of the Territories Included into Each Time Zone and on the Procedures of Timekeeping in the Time Zones, as Well as on Abrogation of Several Resolutions of the Government of the Russian Federation. Effective as of after 7 days following the day of the official publication.).
- ^ "Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 г. Численность наличного населения союзных и автономных республик, автономных областей и округов, краёв, областей, районов, городских поселений и сёл-райцентров. (All Union Population Census of 1989. Present population of union and autonomous republics, autonomous oblasts and okrugs, krais, oblasts, districts, urban settlements, and villages serving as district administrative centers.)" (in Russian). Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 года (All-Union Population Census of 1989). Demoscope Weekly (website of the Institute of Demographics of the State University—Higher School of Economics. 1989. http://demoscope.ru/weekly/ssp/rus89_reg.php. Retrieved February 9, 2012.
[edit] Sources
- Костромская областная Дума. Закон №112-4-ЗКО от 9 февраля 2007 г. «Об административно-территориальном устройстве Костромской области», в ред. Закона №42-5-ЗКО от 28 февраля 2011 г «О внесении изменений в Закон Костромской области "Об административно-территориальном устройстве Костромской области"». Вступил в силу со дня официального опубликования. Опубликован: "СП — нормативные документы", №10(70), 28 февраля 2007 г. (Kostroma Oblast Duma. Law #112-4-ZKO of February 9, 2007 On the Administrative-Territorial Structure of Kostroma Oblast, as amended by the Law #42-5-ZKO of February 28, 2011 On Amending the Law of Kostroma Oblast "On the Administrative-Territorial Structure of Kostroma Oblast". Effective as of the official publication date.).
- Костромская областная Дума. Закон №237-ЗКО от 30 декабря 2004 г. «Об установлении границ муниципальных образований в Костромской области и наделении их статусом», в ред. Закона №177-5-ЗКО от 29 декабря 2011 г «О внесении изменений в Закон Костромской области "Об установлении границ муниципальных образований в Костромской области и наделении их статусом"». Вступил в силу по истечении 10 дней со дня официального опубликования. Опубликован: "Северная Правда" ("Документы: СпецВыпуск"), №8, 26 января 2005 г. (Kostroma Oblast Duma. Law #237-ZKO of December 30, 2004 On the Establishment of the Borders of the Municipal Formations and on Granting Them Statuses, as amended by the Law #177-5-ZKO of December 29, 2011 On Amending the Law of Kostroma Oblast "On the Establishment of the Borders of the Municipal Formations and on Granting Them Statuses". Effective as of after 10 days following the official publication date.).
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