Bwiti

Bwiti is a West Central African spiritual practice by the forest-dwelling Babongo and Mitsogo people of Gabon, where it is counted as one of the three official religions, and the Fang people of Gabon and Cameroon. Modern Bwiti is syncretistic, incorporating animism, ancestor worship and Christianity into its belief system.

Bwiti use the visionary rootbark of the Tabernanthe iboga plant, specially cultivated for the religion, to induce a spiritual enlightenment, stabilize community and family structure, meet religious requirements and to solve problems of a spiritual and/or medical nature. The root bark has been used for hundreds of years as part of a Bwiti Rite of Passage ceremony and other initiation rites and acts of healing, producing complex visions and insights anticipated to be valuable to the initiate and the chapel. The root bark or its extract are taken in doses high enough to cause vomiting and ataxia as common side effects.

Liturgy

Intoxicants in liturgy

Taking Iboga brings both open and closed-eye visions which can be made stronger by darkness, ambiance and suggestion. Following the visions, users experience an introspective mindset in which they often recount past experiences in life. Difficulty sleeping, nausea and vomiting sometimes last until the day after consumption.

Rites

Bwiti ceremonies are led by a (male or female) spiritual leader called N'ganga who is a very important member of the community and has extensive knowledge of traditional healing practices, hexes and spells. The crucial rite of Bwiti is the initiation ceremony, when young Gabonese men take iboga for the first time in the men's hut to become members of the spiritual practice. There are many ceremonies at different times of the year to give homage to the ancestors. Special ceremonies may be held to heal sick persons or drive out harmful spirits. While early forms of Bwiti excluded women, modern chapels include men and women.

During many ceremonies, a traditional torch made of bark and tree sap is burned. Musicians playing drums and a traditional Ngombi harp are central to the rites. The N'ganga and other participants usually dress in red, black and white cloth. They may wear skirts of raffia material and small shells or beads. Animal skins, such as civet cat fur, are often worn. The iboga root may be made into a tea or more often taken in the form of scrapings. Ceremonies usually begin at night and may last for days as the doses of the drug used in these ceremonies is particularly long lasting.

Recognition

Bwiti is one of Gabon's official religions and is influenced by Christianity including using the Christian Calendar..

Additional information

A notable English language source of information on the religion is James W. Fernandez's book, "Bwiti: An Ethnography of the Religious Imagination in Africa".

References

• BBC TV Series (2005). "Tribe" - explorer Bruce Parry spent a month living amongst the Babongo and was initiated into their use of Iboga.
• Tribe Babongo Iboga With Bruce Parry; Divx Video Quality.
• Pinchbeck, Daniel (2002). "Breaking Open the Head". Broadway Books. Part I pages 9–39.
• Pinchbeck, Daniel (1999). "Tripping on Iboga". Salon Travel
• Samorini, Giorgio. "Adam, Eve and Iboga" (Originally published in Integration 4: 4-10).
• Samorini, Giorgio. "The Bwiti Religion and the psychoactive plant Tabernanthe iboga (Equatorial Africa)" (Originally published in Integration 5: 105-114)

External links

• Association for Nature Culture FUTURE(ANCE): Ebando A non-governmental organization facilitating among other things initiation into the bwiti religion.
• Robert Goutarel, Otto Gollnhofer and Roger Sillans, Pharmacodynamics and Therapeutic Applications of Iboga and Ibogaine, Psychedelic Monographs and Essays, 6:70-111, 1993.