C++ Standard Library

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In C++, the C++ Standard Library is a collection of classes and functions, which are written in the core language and part of the C++ ISO Standard itself[1]. The C++ Standard Library provides several generic containers, functions to utilise and manipulate these containers, function objects, generic strings and streams (including interactive and file I/O), support for some language features, and everyday functions for tasks such as finding the square root of a number. The C++ Standard Library also incorporates the ISO C90 C standard library. Features of the C++ Standard Library are declared within the std namespace.

The C++ Standard Library is based upon conventions introduced by the Standard Template Library (STL). Although the C++ Standard Library and the STL share many features, neither is a strict superset of the other. For example, the C++ Standard Library does not provide an slist container. In particular, the C++ Standard Library has also been influenced[2] by the work of Alexander Stepanov and Meng Lee[3].

The C++ Standard Library underwent ISO standardisation as part of the C++ ISO Standardisation effort, and is undergoing further work[4] regarding standardisation of expanded functionality.

Header files in the C++ Standard Library do not end in ".h". However, the C++ Standard Library includes 18 header files from the C Standard Library, with ".h" endings. Their use is deprecated.[5]

C++ Standard Library
Standard Template Library
C Standard Library
v • d • e

Contents

[edit] Standard headers

The following files contain the declarations of the C++ Standard Library.

[edit] Containers

<bitset>
Provides the specialized container class std::bitset, a bit array.
<deque>
Provides the container class template std::deque, a double-ended queue.
<list>
Provides the container class template std::list, a doubly-linked list.
<map>
Provides the container class templates std::map and std::multimap, sorted associative array and multimap.
<queue>
Provides the container adapter class std::queue, a single-ended queue.
<set>
Provides the container class templates std::set and std::multiset, sorted associative containers or sets.
<stack>
Provides the container adapter class std::stack, a stack.
<vector>
Provides the container class template std::vector, a dynamic array.

[edit] General

<algorithm>
Provides definitions of many container algorithms.
<functional>
Provides several function objects, designed for use with the standard algorithms.
<iterator>
Provides classes and templates for working with iterators.
<locale>
Provides classes and templates for working with locales.
<memory>
Provides facilities for memory management in C++, including the class template std::auto_ptr.
<stdexcept>
Contains standard exception classes such as std::logic_error and std::runtime_error, both derived from std::exception.
<utility>
Provides the template class std::pair, for working with pairs (two-member tuples) of objects.

[edit] Strings

<string>
Provides the C++ standard string classes and templates.

[edit] Streams and Input/Output

<fstream>
Provides facilities for file-based input and output. See fstream.
<ios>
Provides several types and functions basic to the operation of iostreams.
<iostream>
Provides C++ input and output fundamentals. See iostream.
<iosfwd>
Provides forward declarations of several I/O-related class templates.
<iomanip>
Provides facilities to manipulate output formatting, such as the base used when formatting integers and the precision of floating point values.
<istream>
Provides the template class std::istream and other supporting classes for input.
<ostream>
Provides the template class std::ostream and other supporting classes for output.
<sstream>
Provides the template class std::sstream and other supporting classes for string manipulation.
<streambuf>

[edit] Numerics

<complex>
Provides class template std::complex and associated functions for working with complex numbers.
<numeric>
Provides algorithms for numerical processing
<valarray>
Provides the template class std::valarray, an array class optimized for numeric processing.

[edit] Language Support

<exception>
Provides several types and functions related to exception handling, including std::exception, the base class of all exceptions thrown by the Standard Library.
<limits>
Provides the template class std::numeric_limits, used for describing properties of fundamental numeric types.
<new>
Provides operators new and delete and other functions and types composing the fundamentals of C++ memory management.
<typeinfo>
Provides facilities for working with C++ run-time type information.

[edit] C Standard Library

Main article: C Standard Library

Each header from the C Standard Library is included in the C++ Standard Library under a different name, generated by removing the .h, and adding a 'c' at the start, for example 'time.h' becomes 'ctime'. The only difference between these headers and the traditional C Standard Library headers is that where possible the functions should be placed into the std:: namespace (although few compilers actually do this). In ISO C, functions in the standard library are allowed to be implemented by macros, which is not allowed by ISO C++.

[edit] See also

[edit] Notes

  1. ^ ISO/IEC 14882:2003(E) Programming Languages — C++ §17-27
  2. ^ Bjarne Stroustrup. The Design and Evolution of C++ §8.5. Addison Wesley. ISBN 0-201-54330-3. 
  3. ^ Alexander Stepanov, Meng Lee. "The Standard Template Library". HP Labs. http://www.hpl.hp.com/techreports/94/HPL-94-34.html. Retrieved 1994-08-01. 
  4. ^ "JTC1/SC22/WG21 - The C++ Standards Committee". ISO/IEC. http://www.open-std.org/Jtc1/sc22/wg21/. Retrieved 2009-07-07. 
  5. ^ ISO/IEC 14882:2003(E) Programming Languages — C++ §D.5

[edit] References

[edit] External links

Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%2B%2B_Standard_Library"