CBU-87 Combined Effects Munition
The CBU-87 Combined Effects Munition is a cluster bomb used by the United States Air Force. CBU stands for Cluster Bomb Unit.
The CBU-87 was developed by Aerojet General/Honeywell and introduced in 1986 to replace the earlier cluster bombs used in the Vietnam War. The CBU-87 is designed to be dropped by plane at any altitude and any air speed. It is a free-falling bomb and relies on the aircraft to aim it before it drops. Once it is dropped, it needs no further instruction, as opposed to guided munitions or smart bombs. The bomb can be dropped by a variety of modern-day aircraft. It is 7 feet, 7 inches (2.33 meters) long, has a diameter of 16 inches (40 centimeters), and weighs roughly 950 pounds (430 kg). The list price is set at $14,000 per bomb. When the CBU-87 is used in conjunction with the Wind Corrected Munitions Dispenser guidance tail kit, it is designated as CBU-103.[1]
Each CBU-87 consists of an SUU-65B canister, a fuse with 12 time selections and 202 submunitions (or bomblets) designated BLU-97/B Combined Effects Bomb (CEB). Each bomblet is a yellow cylinder with a length of 20 centimeters and a diameter of 6 centimeters. The BLU-97/B bomblets are designed to be used against armour, personnel and softskin targets and consist of a shaped charge, a scored steel fragmentation case and a zirconium ring for incendiary effects. The CBU-87 can also be equipped with an optional FZU-39/B proximity sensor with 10 altitude selections.
When dropped from an aircraft, the bomb starts spinning. There are 6 speeds that can adjust the bomb's rate of spin. After it drops to a certain altitude, the canister breaks open and the submunitions are released. Each bomblet has a ring of tabs at the tail end, these orient the bomblet and deploy an inflatable decelerator to decrease the falling speed of the bomblet. When the submunitions hit the ground, they will cover a large area and the CBU-87 can be adjusted so it can cover a smaller or wider area. Depending on the rate of spin and the altitude at which the canister opens, it can cover an area between 20x20 meters (low release altitude and a slow rate of spin) to 120x240 meters (high release altitude and a high rate of spin).
Manufacturers and the Department of Defense have claimed that the failure rate for each bomb is about 5%.[2] This would mean that of the 202 bomblets dropped, about 10 will not explode on impact. In reality however, the failure rates of the CBU87 have been much higher.[3]
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[edit] Operational use
During Operation Desert Storm, the US Air Force dropped 10,035 CBU-87s. During Operation Allied Force, the US dropped about 1,100 cluster bombs, and most of these were CBU-87s.
On May 7, 1999, a CBU-87 was responsible for one of the most serious incident involving civilian deaths and the use of cluster bombs, the cluster bombing of Niš.
[edit] References
- ^ Lockheed Martin WCMD (Wind Corrected Munitions Dispenser) - Designation Systems
- ^ DoD News Briefing, Tuesday, June 22, 1999
- ^ Cluster munitions in Kosovo: Analysis of use, contamination and casualties. Landmine Action. February, 2007. http://www.landmineaction.org/resources/resource.asp?resID=1035.
