CXCL11

Chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 11
PDB rendering based on 1rjt.
Available structures PDB 1rjt
Identifiers
Symbols	CXCL11; H174; I-TAC; IP-9; IP9; MGC102770; SCYB11; SCYB9B; b-R1
External IDs	OMIM: 604852 MGI: 1860203 HomoloGene: 3944 GeneCards: CXCL11 Gene
Gene Ontology Molecular function • chemokine activity Cellular component • extracellular region • extracellular region • extracellular space Biological process • chemotaxis • inflammatory response • immune response • signal transduction • cell-cell signaling Sources: Amigo / QuickGO
RNA expression pattern
More reference expression data
Orthologs
Species	Human	Mouse
Entrez	6373	56066
Ensembl	ENSG00000169248	n/a
UniProt	O14625	n/a
RefSeq (mRNA)	NM_005409.4	NM_019494
RefSeq (protein)	NP_005400.1	NP_062367.1
Location (UCSC)	Chr 4: 76.95 – 76.96 Mb	n/a
PubMed search	[1]	[2]

Chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 11 (CXCL11) is a small cytokine belonging to the CXC chemokine family that is also called Interferon-inducible T-cell alpha chemoattractant (I-TAC) and Interferon-gamma-inducible protein 9 (IP-9). It is highly expressed in peripheral blood leukocytes, pancreas and liver, with moderate levels in thymus, spleen and lung and low expression levels were in small intestine, placenta and prostate. Gene expression of CXCL11 is strongly induced by IFN-γ and IFN-β, and weakly induced by IFN-α. This chemokine elicits its effects on its target cells by interacting with the cell surface chemokine receptor CXCR3, with a higher affinity than do the other ligands for this receptor, CXCL9 and CXCL10. CXCL11 is chemotactic for activated T cells. Its gene is located on human chromosome 4 along with many other members of the CXC chemokine family.

Further reading

• Rani MR, Foster GR, Leung S, et al. (1996). "Characterization of beta-R1, a gene that is selectively induced by interferon beta (IFN-beta) compared with IFN-alpha". J. Biol. Chem. 271 (37): 22878–84. doi:10.1074/jbc.271.37.22878. PMID 8798467. 
• Jacobs KA, Collins-Racie LA, Colbert M, et al. (1997). "A genetic selection for isolating cDNAs encoding secreted proteins". Gene 198 (1–2): 289–96. doi:10.1016/S0378-1119(97)00330-2. PMID 9370294. 
• Cole KE, Strick CA, Paradis TJ, et al. (1998). "Interferon–inducible T Cell Alpha Chemoattractant (I-TAC): A Novel Non-ELR CXC Chemokine with Potent Activity on Activated T Cells through Selective High Affinity Binding to CXCR3". J. Exp. Med. 187 (12): 2009–21. doi:10.1084/jem.187.12.2009. PMC 2212354. PMID 9625760. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=2212354. 
• Erdel M, Laich A, Utermann G, et al. (1998). "The human gene encoding SCYB9B, a putative novel CXC chemokine, maps to human chromosome 4q21 like the closely related genes for MIG (SCYB9) and INP10 (SCYB10)". Cytogenet. Cell Genet. 81 (3–4): 271–2. doi:10.1159/000015043. PMID 9730616. 
• Luo Y, Kim R, Gabuzda D, et al. (1999). "The CXC-chemokine, H174: expression in the central nervous system". J. Neurovirol. 4 (6): 575–85. doi:10.3109/13550289809114224. PMID 10065899. 
• Tensen CP, Flier J, Van Der Raaij-Helmer EM, et al. (1999). "Human IP-9: A keratinocyte-derived high affinity CXC-chemokine ligand for the IP-10/Mig receptor (CXCR3)". J. Invest. Dermatol. 112 (5): 716–22. doi:10.1046/j.1523-1747.1999.00581.x. PMID 10233762. 
• Laich A, Meyer M, Werner ER, Werner-Felmayer G (1999). "Structure and expression of the human small cytokine B subfamily member 11 (SCYB11/formerly SCYB9B, alias I-TAC) gene cloned from IFN-gamma-treated human monocytes (THP-1)". J. Interferon Cytokine Res. 19 (5): 505–13. doi:10.1089/107999099313956. PMID 10386863. 
• Tensen CP, Flier J, Rampersad SS, et al. (1999). "Genomic organization, sequence and transcriptional regulation of the human CXCL 11(1) gene". Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1446 (1–2): 167–72. PMID 10395932. 
• Loetscher P, Pellegrino A, Gong JH, et al. (2001). "The ligands of CXC chemokine receptor 3, I-TAC, Mig, and IP10, are natural antagonists for CCR3". J. Biol. Chem. 276 (5): 2986–91. doi:10.1074/jbc.M005652200. PMID 11110785. 
• Lambeir AM, Proost P, Durinx C, et al. (2001). "Kinetic investigation of chemokine truncation by CD26/dipeptidyl peptidase IV reveals a striking selectivity within the chemokine family". J. Biol. Chem. 276 (32): 29839–45. doi:10.1074/jbc.M103106200. PMID 11390394. 
• Hensbergen PJ, van der Raaij-Helmer EM, Dijkman R, et al. (2001). "Processing of natural and recombinant CXCR3-targeting chemokines and implications for biological activity". Eur. J. Biochem. 268 (18): 4992–9. doi:10.1046/j.0014-2956.2001.02433.x. PMID 11559369. 
• Mohan K, Ding Z, Hanly J, Issekutz TB (2002). "IFN-gamma-inducible T cell alpha chemoattractant is a potent stimulator of normal human blood T lymphocyte transendothelial migration: differential regulation by IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha". J. Immunol. 168 (12): 6420–8. PMID 12055261. 
• Basu S, Schaefer TM, Ghosh M, et al. (2003). "Molecular cloning and sequencing of 25 different rhesus macaque chemokine cDNAs reveals evolutionary conservation among C, CC, CXC, AND CX3C families of chemokines". Cytokine 18 (3): 140–8. doi:10.1006/cyto.2002.0875. PMID 12126650. 
• Salmaggi A, Gelati M, Dufour A, et al. (2003). "Expression and modulation of IFN-gamma-inducible chemokines (IP-10, Mig, and I-TAC) in human brain endothelium and astrocytes: possible relevance for the immune invasion of the central nervous system and the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis". J. Interferon Cytokine Res. 22 (6): 631–40. doi:10.1089/10799900260100114. PMID 12162873. 
• Rani MR, Hibbert L, Sizemore N, et al. (2002). "Requirement of phosphoinositide 3-kinase and Akt for interferon-beta-mediated induction of the beta-R1 (SCYB11) gene". J. Biol. Chem. 277 (41): 38456–61. doi:10.1074/jbc.M203204200. PMID 12169689. 
• Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, et al. (2003). "Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99 (26): 16899–903. doi:10.1073/pnas.242603899. PMC 139241. PMID 12477932. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=139241. 
• Kao J, Kobashigawa J, Fishbein MC, et al. (2003). "Elevated serum levels of the CXCR3 chemokine ITAC are associated with the development of transplant coronary artery disease". Circulation 107 (15): 1958–61. doi:10.1161/01.CIR.0000069270.16498.75. PMID 12695288. 
• Satish L, Yager D, Wells A (2003). "Glu-Leu-Arg-negative CXC chemokine interferon gamma inducible protein-9 as a mediator of epidermal-dermal communication during wound repair". J. Invest. Dermatol. 120 (6): 1110–7. doi:10.1046/j.1523-1747.2003.12230.x. PMID 12787142. 
• Klunker S, Trautmann A, Akdis M, et al. (2003). "A second step of chemotaxis after transendothelial migration: keratinocytes undergoing apoptosis release IFN-gamma-inducible protein 10, monokine induced by IFN-gamma, and IFN-gamma-inducible alpha-chemoattractant for T cell chemotaxis toward epidermis in atopic dermatitis". J. Immunol. 171 (2): 1078–84. PMID 12847282. 
• Xanthou G, Duchesnes CE, Williams TJ, Pease JE (2003). "CCR3 functional responses are regulated by both CXCR3 and its ligands CXCL9, CXCL10 and CXCL11". Eur. J. Immunol. 33 (8): 2241–50. doi:10.1002/eji.200323787. PMID 12884299.