Cachaça
Cachaça (Portuguese pronunciation: [kaˈʃasɐ]) is a liquor made from fermented sugarcane juice.
It is the most popular distilled alcoholic beverage in Brazil. It is also known as aguardente, pinga, caninha and many other names.[1][2]
Cachaça is mostly produced in Brazil, where, according to 2007 figures, 1.5 billion litres (390 million gallons) are consumed annually, compared with 15 million litres (4.0 million gallons) outside the country.[3] It is typically between 38% and 48% alcohol by volume.[4][5] When it is homemade it can be as strong as the distiller wants. Up to six grams per litre of sugar may be added."[6] The major difference between cachaça and rum is that rum is usually made from molasses, a by-product from refineries that boil the cane juice to extract as much sugar crystal as possible, while cachaça is made from fresh sugarcane juice that is fermented and distilled.[7] However, many rums are also made from distilled sugar cane juice. That's why cachaça is also known as Brazilian rum.[4]
In the beginning of the seventeenth century, the producers of sugar in various European colonies in America started to use the by-products of sugar, molasses and scummings, as the raw material for the alcoholic beverage which in British colonies was named rum, in the French's tafia, in the Spanish's aguardiente de caña and in the Portuguese (Brazil) aguardente da terra, aguardente de cana and later cachaça. [4]
Figures from 2003 indicate 1.3 billion litres of cachaça are produced each year though only 1% of this production is exported (mainly to Germany).[8] Outside Brazil, cachaça is used almost exclusively as an ingredient in tropical drinks, with the caipirinha being the most famous cocktail.
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[edit] Production
There are two types of cachaça: artisanal and industrial.
Cachaça, like rum, has two varieties: unaged (white) and aged (gold). White cachaça is usually bottled immediately after distillation and tends to be cheaper (some producers age it for up to 12 months in wooden barrels to achieve a smoother blend). It is often used to prepare caipirinha and other beverages in which cachaça is an ingredient. Dark cachaça, usually seen as the "premium" variety, is aged in wood barrels and is meant to be drunk straight (it is usually aged for up to 3 years though some "ultra premium" cachaças have been aged for up to 15 years). Its flavour is influenced by the type of wood the barrel is made from.[9].
There are very important regions in Brazil where fine still pot cachaça is produced such as Salinas in Minas Gerais state, Paraty in Rio de Janeiro state, Monte Alegre do Sul in São Paulo state and Abaíra in Bahia state. Actually, cachaça's producers can be found in most Brazilian regions and in 2011 there were over 40,000 of them.[4]
[edit] Cachaça's synonyms
For more than four centuries of history, cachaça got several synonyms and creative nicknames coined by the creative Brazilian people. Some of these words were created for the purpose of deceiving the supervision of the metropolis in the days when cachaça was banned in Brazil because the beverage was competing with a European distillate called grapa. There are more than two thousand (2,000) words to refer to the Brazilian national distillate.[10]
- A
- abre, abre-bondade, abre-coração, abrideira, abridora, aca, ácido, aço, acuicui, a-do-ó, água, água-benta, água-bórica, água-branca, água-bruta, água-de-briga, água-de-cana, água-de-setembro, água-lisa, água-pé, água-pra-tudo, água-que-gato-não-bebe, água-que-passarinho-não-bebe, aguardente, aguarrás, agundu, alicate, alpista, alpiste, amarelinha, amorosa, anacuíta, angico, aninha, apaga-tristeza, a-que-incha, aquela-que-matou-o-guarda, a-que-matou-o-guarda, aquiqui, arapari, ardosa, ardose, ariranha, arrebenta-peito, assina-ponto, assovio-de-cobra, azeite, azougue, azulada, azuladinha, azulina, azulzinha…
- B
- bafo-de-tigre, baga, bagaceira, baronesa, bataclã, bicarbonato-de-soda, bicha, bichinha, bicho, bico, birinaite, birinata, birita, birrada, bitruca, boa, boa-pra-tudo, bom-pra-tudo, borbulhante, boresca, braba, branca, brande, branquinha, brasa, braseira, braseiro, brasileira, brasileirinha, brava, briba…
- C
- cachorro-de-engenheiro, caeba, café-branco, caiana, caianarana, caianinha, calibrina, camarada, cambraia, cambrainha, camulaia, cana, cana-capim, cândida, canguara, canha, canicilina, caninha, caninha-verde, canjebrina, canjica, capote-de-pobre, cascabulho, cascarobil, cascavel, catinguenta, catrau, catrau-campeche, catuta, cauim, caúna, caxaramba, caxiri, caxirim, caxixi, cem-virtudes, chá-de-cana, chambirra, champanha-da-terra, chatô, chica, chica-boa, chora-menina, chorinho, choro, chuchu, cidrão, cipinhinha, cipó, cobertor-de-pobre, cobreia, cobreira, coco, concentrada, congonha, conguruti, corta-bainha, cotréia, crislotique, crua, cruaca, cumbe, cumbeca, cumbica, cumulaia, cura-tudo…
- D
- danada, danadinha, danadona, danguá, delas-frias, delegado-de-laranjeiras, dengosa, desmanchada, desmanchadeira, desmancha-samba, dindinha, doidinha, dona-branca, dormideira…
- E
- ela, elixir, engenhoca, engasga-gato, espanta-moleque, espiridina, espridina, espírito, esquenta-aqui-dentro, esquenta-corpo, esquenta-dentro, esquenta-por-dentro, estricnina, extrato-hepático…
- F
- faz-xodó, ferro, filha-de-senhor-de-engenho, filha-do-engenho, filha-do-senhor-do-engenho, fogo, fogosa, forra-peito, fragadô, friinha, fruta…
- G
- garapa-doida, gás, gasolina, gaspa, gengibirra, girgolina, girumba, glostora, goró, gororoba, gororobinha, gramática, granzosa, gravanji, grogue, guampa, guarupada…
- H
- homeopatia…
- I
- iaiá-me-sacode, igarapé-mirim, imaculada, imbiriba, incha, insquento, isbelique, isca…
- J
- já-começa, jamaica, januária, jeriba, jeribita, jinjibirra, juçara, junça, jura, jurubita, jurupinga…
- L
- lágrima-de-virgem, lamparina, lanterneta, lapinga, laprinja, lebrea, lebréia, legume, levanta-velho, limpa, limpa-goela, limpa-olho, limpinha, linda, lindinha, linha-branca, lisa, lisinha…
- M
- maçangana, maçaranduba, maciça, malafa, malafo, malavo, malunga, malvada, mamadeira, mamãe-de-aluana, mamãe-sacode, manduraba, mandureba, mangaba, mangabinha, marafa, marafo, maria-branca, maria-meu-bem, maria-teimosa, mariquinhas, martelo, marumbis, marvada, marvadinha, mata-bicho, mata-paixão, mateus, mé, melé, meleira, meropéia, meu-consolo, mezinha, miana, mijo-de-cão, mindorra, minduba, mindubinha, miscorete, mistria, moça-branca, moça-loura, molhadura, monjopina, montuava, morrão, morretiana, muamba, mulata, mulatinha, muncadinho, mundureba, mungango…
- N
- não-sei-quê, negrita, nó-cego, nordígena, número-um…
- O
- óleo, óleo-de-cana, omim-fum-fum, oranganje, oroganje, orontanje, oti, otim, otim-fifum, otim-fim-fim…
- P
- panete, parati, parda, parnaíba, patrícia, pau-de-urubu, pau-no-burro, pau-selado, pé-de-briga, péla-goela, pelecopá, penicilina, perigosa, petróleo, pevide, pílcia, pilóia, pilora, pindaíba, pindaíva, pindonga, pinga, pingada, pinga-mansa, pinguinha, piraçununga, piribita, pirita, pitianga, pitula, porco, porongo, preciosa, prego, presepe, pringoméia, pura, purinha, purona…
- Q
- quartota, quebra bucho, quebra costela, quebra gelo, quebra-goela, quebra-jejum, quebra-munheca, queimadente, queima-galo, queima-pé, quero-mais, quindim, quissuco, quizila.
- R
- rabo, rabo de galo, raiz, rala goela, rama, ratafia, rebatrida, reco-reco, reforço, refrigerante, refugo, refrigerante, reino, remada, remédio, remédio de pobre, renitente, reserva especial, resolução, restilo, retrós, reza-forte, rija, ripa, roxo-forte, rum baiano, rum brasileiro,…
- S
- salsaparrilha-de-brístol, samba, santa-branca, santamarense, santa-maria, santinha, santo-onofre-de-bodega, semente-de-arrenga, sete-virtudes, sinhaninha, sinhazinha, sipia, siúba, sorna, sumo-da-cana, sumo-de-cana-torta, suor-de-alambique, suor-de-cana-torta, supupara, suruca…
- T
- tafiá, talagada, tanguara, teimosa, teimosinha, tempero, terebintina, tiguara, tindola, tíner, tinguaciba, tiguara, tiquara, tira-calor, tira-juízo, tira-teima, tira-vergonha, titara, tiúba, tome-juízo, três-martelos, três-tombos…
- U
- uca, uma-aí, unganjo, upa, urina-de-santo…
- V
- vela, veneno, venenosa, virge, virgem…
- X
- xarope-de-grindélia, xarope-dos-bebos, xarope-galeno, ximbica, ximbira, xinabre, xinapre…
- Z
- zuninga…
[edit] See also
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[edit] References and notes
- ^ such as Apaga-tristeza, Engasga-gato, Quebra-goela, Nordigena, Malafo, Upa, Dindinha, Ximbira, Espanta-moleque, Otim-fim-fim, Negrita, Parati, Siúba, Dona Branca, Xiripita Cabumba, Cana, Cachaça, Água-que-passarinho-não-bebe, Marvada, Pinga, Aguardente, Esquenta Corpo, Lágrima de Virgem, Levanta-velho, Virgem Afamada, Amansa-corno, Mata-o-velho, Mé
- ^ Cavalcante, Messias Soares. Todos os nomes da cachaça. São Paulo: Sá Editora, 2011. 392p. ISBN 9788588193895
- ^ Carter, Kelly E. (2007-02-16). "Cachaça: It is the essence of Brazil in a bottle". USA Today (Gannett Company). http://www.usatoday.com/travel/destinations/2007-02-15-brazil-cachaca_x.htm. Retrieved 2008-02-21.
- ^ a b c d Cavalcante, Messias Soares. A verdadeira história da cachaça. São Paulo: Sá Editora, 2011. 608p. ISBN 9788588193628
- ^ www.unesp.br/aci/jornal/147/cachaca.htm
- ^ "Resposta técnica - cachaça" (pdf). Archived from the original on 2007-06-28. http://web.archive.org/web/20070628064103/http://sbrt.ibict.br/upload/sbrt1887.pdf. Retrieved 2007-02-18.
- ^ http://www.cocktailtimes.com/dictionary/cachacas.shtml
- ^ "Marvada chique". Editora Globo. 2003-05. http://revistagloborural.globo.com/EditoraGlobo/componentes/article/edg_article_print/1,3916,533013-1641-1,00.html. Retrieved 2007-02-18.
- ^ Kugel, Seth. In Canela in Rio Grande do Sul is still possible to experience a real handmade Brazilian cachaca, visits the Still of the Flower Valley, a lovely place, with one of the most modern factories in Brazil. www.alambiqueflordovale.com.br "Allure of Cachaça Spreads to U.S. From Brazil". The New York Times, April 9, 2008. Accessed 1 June 2009.
- ^ Cavalcante, Messias Soares. Todos os nomes da cachaça. São Paulo: Sá Editora, 2011. 392p. ISBN 9788588193895
[edit] External links
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Cachaça |
- City of Paraty Tourism Website—Information in Portuguese on cachaça production
- Cachaça: The Unmistakable Taste and Flavour of Brazil
- Caipirinha Appreciation Society: Brazil beyond cachaça
- O Álbum Virtual de Rótulos de Garrafas de Cachaça na Net—Web site dedicated to cachaça labels. In English and Portuguese.
