Calicium
| Calicium | |
|---|---|
| |
| Calicium viride | |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Fungi |
| Division: | Ascomycota |
| Class: | Lecanoromycetes |
| Order: | Caliciales |
| Family: | Caliciaceae |
| Genus: | Calicium Pers. (1794) |
| Type species | |
| Calicium viride Pers. (1794)
| |
Calicium is a genus of leprose lichen lichens.[1]: 234 It is in the family Caliciaceae.
The sexual reproduction structures are a mass of loose ascospores that are enclosed by a cup shaped exciple sitting on top of a tiny stalk, having the appearance of a dressmaker's pin (called a mazaedium), hence the common name pin lichen.[1]: 15 They are also commonly called stubble lichens.[1]: 234
They have been used as indicator species for old growth redwood forests.[1]: 234
Evolutionary history
The discovery of a Calicium-like fossil in Baltic amber dating back 55–35 myr indicates that the main distinguishing characteristics of this genus have persisted for at least tens of millions of years.[2] A fossil-calibrated phylogeny that includes this fossil suggests that the family Caliciaceae diversified from its most recent common ancestor 103–156 Myr ago in the early Cretaceous.[3]
Species
As of December 2020[update], Species Fungorum accepts 36 species in Calicium:[4]
- Calicium abietinum Pers. (1797)
- Calicium adspersum Pers. (1798)
- Calicium atronitescens F.Wilson (1891)
- Calicium carolinianum (Tuck.) M.Prieto & Wedin (2016)
- Calicium chlorosporum F.Wilson (1891)
- Calicium contortum F.Wilson (1889)
- Calicium corynellum (Ach.) Ach. (1803)
- Calicium diploellum Nyl. (1868)
- Calicium glaucellum Ach. (1803)
- Calicium glebosum Müll.Arg. (1887)
- Calicium hyperelloides Nyl. (1860)
- Calicium indicum Tibell (2006)
- Calicium laevigatum Tibell (2006)
- Calicium lecideinum (Nyl.) M.Prieto & Wedin (2016)
- Calicium lenticulare Ach. (1816)
- Calicium lucidum (Th.Fr.) M.Prieto & Wedin (2016)
- Calicium lutescens Tibell (2001)
- Calicium martinii Js.Murray (1960)
- Calicium muriformis Tibell (2003)
- Calicium nobile Tibell (2006)
- Calicium notarisii (Tul.) M.Prieto & Wedin (2016)
- Calicium parvum Tibell (1975)
- Calicium pinicola (Tibell) M.Prieto & Wedin (2016)
- Calicium pleuriseptatum Tibell & Frisch (2010)
- Calicium pyriforme Tibell (2006)
- Calicium quercinum Pers. (1797)
- Calicium robustellum Nyl. (1861)
- Calicium salicinum Pers. (1794)
- Calicium sequoiae C.B.Williams & Tibell (2008)
- Calicium tenuisporum Tibell (2006)
- Calicium trabinellum (Ach.) Ach. (1810)
- Calicium trachylioides (Nyl. ex Branth & Rostr.) M.Prieto & Wedin (2016)
- Calicium tricolor F.Wilson (1889)
- Calicium verrucosum Tibell (2006)
- Calicium victorianum (F.Wilson) Tibell (1987)
- Calicium viride Pers. (1794)
References
- ^ a b c d Field Guide to California Lichens, Stephen Sharnoff, Yale University Press, 2014, ISBN 978-0-300-19500-2
- ^ Rikkinen, Jouko (2003). "Calicioid lichens from European Tertiary amber". Mycologia. 95 (6): 1032–1036. doi:10.1080/15572536.2004.11833019. PMID 21149012.
- ^ Prieto, Maria; Wedin, Mats (2016). "Phylogeny, taxonomy and diversification events in the Caliciaceae". Fungal Diversity. 82 (1): 221–238. doi:10.1007/s13225-016-0372-y.
- ^ Species Fungorum. "Calicium". Catalogue of Life. Retrieved 17 December 2020.
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