Camilla, Duchess of Cornwall

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"The Duchess of Cornwall" redirects here. For other people known as Duchess of Cornwall, see Duchess of Cornwall.
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Camilla
Duchess of Cornwall; Duchess of Rothesay (more)
The Duchess of Cornwall in April 2011.
Spouse Andrew Parker Bowles
(m. 1973, div. 1995)
Charles, Prince of Wales
(m. 2005)
Issue
Tom Parker Bowles
Laura Lopes
Full name
Camilla Rosemary[1]
House House of Windsor
Father Major Bruce Shand
Mother The Honourable Rosalind Shand
Born 17 July 1947 (1947-07-17) (age 64)
London, England, United Kingdom
Religion Anglican (Church of England)

Camilla, Duchess of Cornwall (Camilla Rosemary; née Shand, previously Parker Bowles; born 17 July 1947) is the second wife of Charles, Prince of Wales, and is the current holder of the titles of Duchess of Cornwall, Duchess of Rothesay, Countess of Chester and Baroness of Renfrew. Although Camilla is also entitled to be called the Princess of Wales, because of her marriage to the Prince of Wales, she prefers to be known by the secondary titles of Duchess of Cornwall and Duchess of Rothesay, out of respect for her husband's first wife, the late Diana, Princess of Wales. Camilla could, if royal protocol is kept, assume the title of Queen consort of United Kingdom and Commonwealth realms in the event of the Prince of Wales succeeding to the throne.[2] Camilla is known as the Duchess of Rothesay in Scotland, and as the Duchess of Cornwall elsewhere.[3]

Camilla’s thirty-five year courtship with the Prince of Wales drew world-wide attention and was highly publicized in the media when it was revealed in the early nineties. Discreetly, she occasionally became Charles' unofficial companion at events. This temporarily ceased at the time of Diana's death, but Camilla and Charles were photographed together in public in 1999 at Ritz Hotel in London, there were over 200 cameramen there to see the couple together.[4] [5] Though she maintained her residence in Wiltshire, Camilla then moved into, Clarence House, Charles' household in 2003, resulting in decorative changes to both homes[6] [7], though Buckingham Palace was explicit in pointing out that public funds had not been used for the renovations. In 2005, the media reported that Charles had also bought Camilla jewelry and a designer wardrobe. This received a lot of negative publicity, however Charles released a statement stating clearly that the money was from his own pocket and not of the taxpayers.[8]As the future Supreme Governor of the Church of England, the prospect of Charles marrying a divorcée was seen as controversial, but with the consent of The Church of England, The Parliament, and Queen Elizabeth II, the couple were now ready to wed.[9] The marriage was suppose to take place on April 8, 2005, however it was postponed to April 9 for the Prince of Wales to attend Pope John Paul II's funeral.[10]


Contents

[edit] Background and family

Her Majesty The Queen, accompanied by the Duke and Duchess of Rothesay, during the 2006 Braemar Gathering

Born Camilla Rosemary Shand at King's College Hospital, London,[11][12][13][14] on 17 July 1947, Camilla was raised opposite the Plumpton Racecourse, East Sussex by her parents, Major Bruce Shand (1917–2006) (a British Army officer, turned wine merchant, as well as prisoner of war in World War II who received the Military Cross with Bar) and the Honourable Rosalind Cubitt (1921–1994,[15] eldest child of Roland Calvert Cubitt, 3rd Baron Ashcombe): Her siblings are Mark Shand and Annabel Elliot. Camilla's maternal great-grandmother, Alice Keppel, formerly Alice Frederica Edmonstone, was the royal mistress of King Edward VII from 1898 to 1910. She was christened on 1 November 1947 at Firle Church, Sussex, and her godparents were the Hon. Harry Cubitt (her maternal uncle), Major Neil Speke, Mrs Heathcoat Amory, Mrs Lombard Hobson, and Miss Vivien Mosley.[16][17][18]

[edit] Early life

Camilla attended Dumbrells School, a co-educational school in Sussex at the age of 5. At the age of 10, she attended fashionable Queen's Gate School in South Kensington, which aimed to “provide wives for the Foreign Office and most of the nobility”. There they were taught such essential skills for upper class girls as, flower arranging, cookery and how to write cheques. The young Miss Shand left school with one O-level. At the age of 16, she attended the Mon Fertile finishing school in Switzerland and studied at the Institut Britannique in Paris.[19] Following her education, she made her London debut as a debutante in 1965.[20]

She joined the workforce as a part-time secretary and later took a job at the Tony decorating firm of Sybil Colefax and John Fowler.[21] She is a dedicated Horse-rider and passionate about horticulture. [22] She also became an avid equestrienne, and participated in fox hunting.[23]

Camilla lived in a two-bedroom ground-floor flat, at Cundy Street, at the back end of Belgravia, sharing with Moyra Campbell, the daughter of James Edward Hamilton,4th Duke of Abercorn, who had been a maid of honor to Queen Elizabeth II at her coronation and whose mother was a close friend to Queen Elizabeth, The Queen Mother. Lady Moyra moved out when she married. Her new flat mate became Virginia Carrington, daughter of the conservative politician and a former Guard Officer, Lord Carrington.[24]

[edit] First engagement and marriage

Time magazine announced the engagement of Camilla and Andrew Parker Bowles. On 4 July 1973, 26-year old Camilla married 34-year old Andrew Parker Bowles at the Guards Chapel, Wellington Barracks, London, their bridesmaids included Parker Bowles' goddaughter Lady Emma Herbert.[25] The wedding was attended by almost 800 guests including Princess Anne, Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother and Princess Margaret, Countess of Snowdon.[26] The couple had two children: Tom, born in the year after their marriage, who is a godson of Prince Charles, and Laura, born in 1978; both Parker Bowles children were raised in their father's Roman Catholic faith, although both were married in the Church of England; Tom, like his father, is in remainder to the Earldom of Macclesfield. Andrew and Camilla divorced in 1995 after her relationship with the Prince of Wales became public. The couple's divorce was finalized on 3 March,1995.[27] They were married for 22 years.

[edit] Relationship with the Prince of Wales

The Royal Family of the
United Kingdom and the
other Commonwealth realms
Badge of the House of Windsor.svg

HM The Queen
HRH The Duke of Edinburgh
Charles and Camilla in the early 1970s

The relationship between Camilla and Prince Charles began when they met at a polo match in 1970.[28]They were formally introduced to one another by an old girlfriend of the Prince of Wales, Lucia Santa Cruz.[29] Though she became one of the numerous girlfriends of Charles, and he was said to have wanted to marry her, Camilla was seen by royal courtiers as an unsuitable match for the future king. Robert Lacey wrote in his 2002 book, Royal: Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II, that Charles had met Camilla too early, and that he had not asked her to wait for him when he went overseas for military duties in 1972. It has also been suggested by one of his late father's uncle, "Uncle Dickie", Louis Mountbatten, 1st Earl Mountbatten of Burma close circle that his uncle arranged Charles to be posted overseas to end the relationship with Camilla, and to pave a way for a possible engagement to his granddaughter, Amanda Knatchbull.[30] Reliable published reports indicate that they renewed their romantic relationship in the late 1970's and late 1980s.[31]. Andrew Parker Bowles was also known to be an obsessive womanizer [32] Due to his ways, he was reported to be aware and gave full consent to the relationship during their marriage. He was later referred to in the press as the "man willing to lay down his wife for his country"[33]

The affair became public knowledge a decade later, with the publication of Diana: Her True Story, followed by the Camillagate, the Homewrecker scandal, wherein an intimate telephone conversation between Camilla and Charles was secretly recorded and the transcripts published in the tabloids.[34] With the extra-marital relationship in the open, Diana gave an interview on the BBC programme Panorama, in which she blamed the relationship between Camilla, whom she privately referred to as "the Rottweiler",[35][36] and the Prince of Wales as the reason for the breakup of her own marriage, saying: "Well, there were three of us in this marriage, so it was a bit crowded."[37] Though Camilla kept a low profile at this time, she became unpopular by these revelations.[38] It was confirmed by Charles in a televised interview with Jonathan Dimbleby that the relationship between him and Camilla resumed during their crumbling marriages.[39] Following this, the Parker Bowleses announced their own divorce in 1995;[40] they had been living apart for some time, and a year later Andrew Parker Bowles married his long-time mistress and companion Rosemary Pitman.[41]

[edit] Image Rehabilitation

Following the couple's divorces, Charles stated his relationship with Camilla was and is "non-negotiable"[42] At the time of Charles and Diana's divorce through to Diana's death, Camilla was a hate figure in the press and to the public. Throughout it all Camilla declined to complain or speak out. Charles was aware that their relationship was receiving a lot of public attention, and appointed Mark Bolland, recruited by Charles in 1995 to refurbish his own reputation, to enhance Camilla's image. As part of this effort, to soften her hunting image, Camilla became President of the National Osteoporosis Society. One of the Society's staff says: 'She works hard for us. She isn't in it for the publicity.' A carefully-planned series of appearances at public and private venues eventually led to her sitting in the royal box behind the Queen for one of the Golden Jubilee concerts at Buckingham Palace. At a theatre trip by the couple to London's West End that had been leaked to the press, Bolland was observed in the crowd on the opposite side of the street. Camilla was carefully restyled in Paddy Campbell dresses, a Mayfair stylist, and adorned in good and proper jewelry. She still rode with the Beaufort Hunt- and commuted between Highgrove and her own home on a regular basis. In London, she stayed at St James's Palace, where staff curtseyed to her and addressed her as 'Ma'am', as any member of the royal family and at almost all private occasions, she was by now accompanying the Prince. She attended the Holyrood House garden party and the Sandringham flower show with Prince Charles. Gradually, almost imperceptibly, marriage became a viable option for the pair.[43]

[edit] Second engagement and marriage

Main article: Wedding of Charles, Prince of Wales, and Camilla Parker Bowles
See also: Wedding dress of Camilla Parker Bowles
Prince Charles and Camilla greet FEMA officials as they arrive to tour the damages created by Hurricane Katrina in New Orleans, November 2005

On 10 February 2005, it was announced by Clarence House that Camilla and the Prince of Wales were engaged; Camilla had been presented with an engagement ring that had belonged to the late Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother.[44] Charles proposed on bended knee.[45] The marriage was to have been on 8 April of that year, and was to take place in a civil ceremony at Windsor Castle, with a subsequent religious blessing at St George's Chapel. To conduct a civil marriage at Windsor Castle would oblige the venue to obtain a licence for civil marriages, which it did not have. A condition of such a licence is that the licensed venue must be available for a period of one year to anyone wishing to be married there. As the Royal Family did not wish to make Windsor Castle available to the public for civil marriages, even just for one year, the location was changed to the Windsor Guildhall. On 4 April it was announced that the marriage would be delayed by one day to allow for the Prince of Wales and some of the invited dignitaries to attend the funeral of Pope John Paul II.[46] As Charles' parents did not attend the marriage ceremony (the Queen's reluctance to attend arising from her position as Supreme Governor of the Church of England),[47] neither did Camilla's father; her children, instead, acted as witnesses of the union, as did Prince William and Prince Harry. The Queen and Duke of Edinburgh did, however, attend the service of blessing, and held a reception for the newlyweds at Windsor Castle afterwards.[48] Following the wedding, the couple travelled to the Prince's country home in Scotland, Birkhall, and carried out their first public duties as a couple during their honeymoon.[49]


[edit] Duchess of Cornwall

Charles and Camilla in Jamaica, March 2008

After becoming Duchess of Cornwall, the duchess automatically acquired rank as the second highest female in the United Kingdom Order of Precedence (after the Queen), and as typically fifth or sixth in the orders of precedence of her other realms, following the Queen, the relevant viceroy, the Duke of Edinburgh, and the Prince of Wales. It was revealed, though, that the royal order of precedence for private occasions had Camilla placed fourth, after the Queen, the Princess Royal, and Princess Alexandra.[50] Within two years of the marriage, the Queen extended Camilla visible tokens of membership in the Royal Family; use of a tiara of the late Queen Mother,[51] and the badge of the Royal Family Order of Queen Elizabeth II.

Though no details were publicly released, it was confirmed in March 2007 that Camilla had undergone a hysterectomy.[52] According to an announcement by Clarence House, it was the Duchess' intent to attend the anniversary memorial service for Diana, Princess of Wales on 31 August 2007, along with The Prince of Wales, and Princes William and Harry of Wales. The Duchess withdrew from attending, stating that she wished not to "divert attention from the purpose of the occasion which is to focus on the life and service of Diana."[53] In November 2007, the Duchess toured with the Prince of Wales on a four day visit to Turkey.[54] In 2008, she joined the Prince of wales to tour the Caribbean, Japan, Brunei and Indonesia.[55] 2009 was a busy year for the Duchess, with the Prince of Wales she paid a visit to Chile, Brazil,and Ecuador.[56] Following the tour, they paid a visit to Italy and Germany, Their Royal Highnesses’ visit to The Holy See included an audience with Pope Benedict XVI.[57] In November 2009, they visited Canada. The Canadian tour was highly-publicized.[58]

President and Mrs Bush greet TRH The Prince of Wales and The Duchess of Cornwall

In Early 2010, they took an official visit to Hungary, Czech Republic, and Poland.[59] In late 2010, the duchess accompanied the prince of wales to India for the opening of the Commonwealth games in India.[60]

On 8 April 2010, Camilla broke her left leg while hill walking in Scotland.[61] Camilla, along with her husband, were indirectly involved in the 2010 British student protests when their car was attacked by protesters. She was also physically attacked when a rioter managed to push a stick into the royal limousine and jab her in the ribs.[62] In the Spring of March 2011, The Duchess went with the Prince of Wales to undertake official visits in Portugal, Spain, and Morocco. The tour began in Lisbon, Portugal, where among other engagements The Prince and The Duchess celebrated long-standing co-operation between the Portuguese and British Navies, supported British trade and investment opportunities and highlighted the work of the substantial resident British community. The President of Portugal later hosted an official dinner to welcome them. In Spain, The Prince and The Duchess were received in Madrid by The Prince and Princess of Asturias. They attended an official dinner at the Royal Palace having lunch with Their Majesties The King and Queen of Spain. The Spring Tour finished in Morocco. In Rabat, They were guests of The King of Morocco, who received them for a meeting and an official dinner. [63] [64]

The Duchess attended the wedding of her stepson, Prince William, Duke of Cambridge, and Kate Middleton on April 29, 2011.[65]

On September 11 2011, The Duchess attended the 10 year Anniversary of the 9/11 attacks along with the Prince of Wales and Prime minister David Cameron.[66]

In August 2011, the Duchess accompanied the Prince of Wales to Tottenham, breaking off their holidays to show solidarity with the deprived north London community scarred by violence after the riots.[67] [68] The couple surprised Tottenham shoppers in February 2012 as they visited businesses targeted in August's Riots to see how they were recovering on the London-riots anniversary.[69] In November 2011, The Duchess undertook Official visits with the Prince of Wales to tour Commonwealth and Gulf Countries. They toured in South Africa and Tanzania. They met with President Jacob Zuma and President Jakaya Kikwete.[70]

[edit] Royal duties

Official opening of the Fourth Assembly at the National Assembly building, Cardiff, Wales. From left to right: Carwyn Jones (First Minister of Wales), Prince of Wales, Duchess of Cornwall, Queen Elizabeth II, Rosemary Butler (Presiding officer of the National Assembly for Wales. June 7, 2011

Initially, the Duchess of Cornwall's royal duties involved accompanying the Prince of Wales on his official obligations.

Camilla's first solo engagement was a visit to a hospital in Southampton; she attended the Trooping the Colour for the first time in June 2005, making her appearance on the balcony of Buckingham Palace afterwards. Following the July 7, 2005 London bombings, the Duchess and Prince Charles visited victims of the attack at St Mary's Hospital in Paddington. The same year, she made her inaugural overseas tour to the United States,[71]and, in March of the following year, the Prince and Duchess undertook a trip through Egypt, Saudi Arabia, and India.[72] She also conducted the naming ceremony for HMS Astute on 8 June 2007, and, on 10 December, she did the same for the new Cunard cruise ship, MS Queen Victoria,[73] it being said that the Queen had been surprised by Cunard's invitation.[74] In May 2011, she attended the Classic Brit Awards and honored James Bond composer and Oscar-winner John Barry with a posthumous award for his outstanding contribution to music. [75] In October 2011, the Duchess opened a new centre for victims of sexual assault in Essex.[76] the same month, as the President of Ebony Horse Club community centre in Brixton, South London, the Duchess opened a riding school for disadvantaged young people.[77] The Family of the Duke of Kent usually represented the Queen at Wimbledom, however in June 2011, the Duchess alone represented the Royal family at the Wimbledom Championship games.[78] In November 2011, she appeared on the British show Strictly come dancing as a guest judge. She joined stars of the show for a tour of the BBC studio and took a new throne alongside acid-tongued Craig Revel Horwood behind the judges' desk.[79] As the Patron of Wicked Young Writers' Award, the duchess honored budding writers at the awards ceremony which recognized young talents in December 2011.[80]

The Duchess carries out hundreds of engagements every year.

[edit] Patronages

The Duchess of Cornwall is the Patron of The Royal School, Hampstead, an independent girls' school,[81][82] Patron of Animal Care Trust (Under the umbrella of the Royal Veterinary College), Patron of The Society of Chiropodists and Podiatrists, Patron of Unicorn Theatre for Children, Patron of Cornwall Community Foundation, Patron of Wiltshire Bobby van Trust, Patron of Youth Action Wiltshire, Patron of New Queen's Hall Orchestra, Patron of St John's Smith Square, Patron of London Chamber Orchestra, Patron of Georgian Theatre Royal, Richmond (A Joint Patron with the Prince of Wales), President of Scotland's Gardens Scheme, President of National Osteoporosis Society (First Charity to be given the role), [83] Patron of The Cornish Air Ambulance Service, Patron of Girl's Friendly Society, Patron of The National Literacy Trust, Patron of Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre, Patron of Royal National Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases, Patron of Plumpton College Charitable Foundation,[84] as well as President or Patron of a number of other charities, as detailed below.

She is the honorary Commodore-in-Chief of the Royal Navy Medical Service. In her role as Commodore-in-Chief, the Duchess visited the training-ship HMS Excellent in January 2012, to award medals to naval medical teams returning from service in Afghanistan. [85]

[edit] Titles, styles, honours and arms

[edit] Titles and styles

Royal styles of
The Duchess of Cornwall
Arms of Camilla, Duchess of Cornwall.svg
Reference style Her Royal Highness
Spoken style Your Royal Highness
Alternative style Ma'am
  • 17 July 1947 – 4 July 1973: Miss Camilla Rosemary Shand
  • 4 July 1973 – 3 March 1995: Mrs Andrew Parker Bowles
  • 3 March 1995 – 9 April 2005: Mrs Camilla Parker Bowles
  • 9 April 2005 – present : Her Royal Highness The Duchess of Cornwall
    • in Scotland: 9 April 2005 – present: Her Royal Highness The Duchess of Rothesay

Camilla's style and title in full: Her Royal Highness The Princess Charles Philip Arthur George, Princess of Wales and Countess of Chester, Duchess of Cornwall, Duchess of Rothesay, Countess of Carrick, Baroness of Renfrew, Lady of the Isles, Princess of Scotland.[86][not in citation given]

Because the title 'Princess of Wales' became strongly associated with the previous holder of that title, the late Diana, Princess of Wales, Camilla has adopted the feminine form of her husband's highest-ranking subsidiary title, Duke of Cornwall.[3] Unless any specific Act of Parliament is passed by the Parliament of the United Kingdom (and other Commonwealth States) to the contrary, should Prince Charles become King, she can assume by courtesy the style of "Queen Camilla".[87][88] However, controversy in the press raised the possibility that she might retain a morganatic style, albeit by courtesy—she would always be entitled to be acknowledged with the rank and style of her husband.[89] Clarence House stated that when Charles becomes King, Camilla will adopt the unprecedented style of Princess Consort, similar to the style of Prince Albert. This is not the same usage as her father-in-law, HRH The Duke of Edinburgh, who does not hold the title of 'Prince Consort' (although as a prince and a consort, he is the Queen's prince consort).

[edit] Honours

Royal Monogram
Decorations

[edit] Honorary military appointments

The Duchess of Cornwall holds the following military appointments:

Canada Canada
United Kingdom United Kingdom
  • United Kingdom Royal Colonel of the 4th Battalion of The Rifles
  • United Kingdom 2008: Honorary Air Commodore of RAF Halton
  • United Kingdom Honorary Air Commodore of RAF Leeming
  • United Kingdom Commodore-in-Chief of the Naval Medical Services
  • United Kingdom Commodore-in-Chief Naval Chaplaincy Service
  • United Kingdom Lady sponsor of HMS Astute[92]

[edit] Arms

Arms of Camilla, Duchess of Cornwall
Notes
On the duchess' 58th birthday, Clarence House announced that Camilla had been granted by the Queen a coat of arms for her own personal use. It was reported that the Queen, Charles, and Camilla all took a "keen interest" in the arms' creation, and they were prepared by Peter Gwynn-Jones, Garter Principal King of Arms.[93] The Duchess' coat of arms impale the Prince of Wales' main coat of arms to the dexter, with her father's coat of arms to the sinister.[94]
Coat of Arms of Camilla, Duchess of Cornwall.svg
Adopted
17 July 2005
Coronet
Escutcheon
Quarterly 1st and 4th gules three lions passant guardant in pale or armed and langed azure 2nd or a lion rampant gules armed and langued azure within a double tressure flory counterflory of the second 3rd azure a harp or stringed argent (the Royal Arms of the United Kingdom), the whole difference with a label of three points Argent; with an inescutcheon of four lions passant guardant, in gold and red, counterchanged, surmounted by the coronet of the heir (for the Principality of Wales); impaled with a shield of Azure a Boar's Head erased close Argent armed and langued Or on a Chief engrailed Argent between two Mullets Gules a Cross crosslet fitchy Sable.[94]
Supporters
Dexter: a lion rampant gardant Or crowned with the coronet of the heir, differenced with a label of three points Argent; sinister: a Boar Azure armed and unguled Or langued Gules and gorged with a Coronet composed of crosses formy and fleurs-de-lys attached thereto a Chain reflexed over the back and ending in a ring all Or.[94]
Symbolism
Aside from the invention of a boar supporter (reflected in her paternal arms) for the sinister side, Camilla's coat of arms is entirely consistent with the historical heraldic arrangement for a married woman who is not herself a heraldic heiress.

[edit] Issue

Name Birth Marriage Issue
Tom Parker Bowles 18 December 1974 10 September 2005 Sara Buys Lola Rosalind and Freddy Parker Bowles
Laura Parker Bowles 1 January 1978 6 May 2006 Harry Lopes Eliza, Louis and Gus Lopes

[edit] Ancestry

Prince Charles, Prince of Wales and Camilla, Duchess of Cornwall at Dundurn Castle in Hamilton, Ontario
Prince Charles, Prince of Wales, and the Duchess of Cornwall are greeted by Tobago House of Assembly Chief Secretary, Orville, London.

According to genealogist William Addams Reitwiesner, the Duchess of Cornwall's ancestry is predominantly French, English, Dutch, and Scottish. Through her French lineage, Camilla's maternal line great-great-grandmother was Sophia Mary MacNab of Hamilton, Ontario, who was herself the descendant of 17th century immigrants to Quebec, daughter of Sir Allan MacNab, and wife of William Coutts Keppel, Earl of Albemarle. Their son, George, was husband to Alice Edmonstone, who was the royal mistress of King Edward VII, himself the great-great-grandfather of Prince Charles.[95] [96]

Also through George Keppel on Camilla's side and through the late Queen Mother on Charles' side, Camilla and Charles are ninth cousins once removed.[97]

Through her mother she is a descendant of Zacharie Cloutier.[98] This same lineage makes Camilla a distant relation of Celine Dion, Hillary Clinton, Angelina Jolie and Madonna,[99] while her bloodline is also connected to King Charles II, through his illegitimate son, Charles Lennox, Duke of Richmond; Thomas Cubitt, prominent Victorian architect; and, through the Earl of Albemarle, Judith Keppel, the first winner of the top prize on the television game show Who Wants to be a Millionaire?.[100]

[edit] References

  1. ^ As a titled royal, Camilla holds no surname, but, when one is used, it is Mountbatten-Windsor
  2. ^ The Sunday Times. 03.04.2005.
  3. ^ a b The Duchess of Cornwall
  4. ^ Mine, Shaun. "OUT; Charles and Camilla go public". Daily Record (The free library). http://www.thefreelibrary.com/OUT%3b+Charles+and+Camilla+go+public.-a060365800. Retrieved Jan 29, 1999. 
  5. ^ "Together at Last". The free Library. http://www.thefreelibrary.com/TOGETHER+AT+LAST%3b+Charles+and+Camilla+side+by+side+for+the+cameras...-a060485875. Retrieved Jan 29, 1999. 
  6. ^ "Clarence House: The home of the Duchess of Cornwall". http://www.duchess-of-cornwall.co.uk/clarence-house.htm. 
  7. ^ Wilson, Colin. "Camilla Moves in with Charles: Wife in all but name". The free library: Sunday (mail) (Glasgow Scotland). http://www.thefreelibrary.com/CAMILLA+MOVES+IN+WITH+CHARLES%3b+Wife+in+all+but+name.-a086568813. Retrieved Jun 2, 2002. 
  8. ^ "The Old Moneybag: Charles pay for Camilla". The free library: The Mirror(London, England. http://www.thefreelibrary.com/THE+OLD+MONEYBAG%3b+CHARLES+PAYS+FOR+CAMILLA.-a0118828815. 
  9. ^ "Prince Charles to marry longtime lover Camilla". Msnbc World News. http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/6945019/ns/world_news/t/prince-charles-marry-longtime-lover-camilla/#.T1VpKfF5mK0. Retrieved 2/11/2005. 
  10. ^ "In Shift, Charles and Camilla delay wedding:Ceremony moved to Saturday due to conflict with pope's funeral". MSNBC News. http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/7372770/ns/world_news/t/shift-charles-camilla-delay-wedding/#.T1eWfMCXuSo. Retrieved 4/4/2005. 
  11. ^ Some sources report that HRH was born in Plumpton, but it seems that this is a confusion of her childhood home as her birth place.
  12. ^ "— Camilla Parker Bowles Biography". Biography.com. 17 July 1947. http://www.biography.com/articles/Camilla-Parker-Bowles-9542218. Retrieved 27 June 2010. 
  13. ^ "Yvonne's Royalty Home Page: Royal Christenings". Users.uniserve.com. http://users.uniserve.com/~canyon/christenings.htm#Christenings. Retrieved 27 June 2010. 
  14. ^ "— Camilla Rosemary Shand". Thepeerage.com. http://www.thepeerage.com/p6962.htm#i69614. Retrieved 27 June 2010. 
  15. ^ "Deaths England and Wales 1984–2006". Findmypast.co.uk. http://www.findmypast.co.uk/BirthsMarriagesDeaths.jsp. Retrieved 27 June 2010. 
  16. ^ The Times, 21 October 1944
  17. ^ The Times, 5 August 1942
  18. ^ Yvonne's Royalty Home Page – Royal Christenings
  19. ^ "Duchess of Cornwall, her education". http://www.duchess-of-cornwall.co.uk/education.htm. 
  20. ^ Kerri Mahon, Elizabeth. "How do you solve a problem like camilla". blog. http://scandalouswoman.blogspot.com/2008/07/how-do-you-solve-problem-like-camilla.html. Retrieved 14 July, 1947. 
  21. ^ Mahon, Elizabeth Kerrie. "How do you solve a problem like Camilla". scandalouswomen.blot.spot.com. 
  22. ^ Smith, David. "The rise and rise of Queen Camilla". http://www.guardian.co.uk/uk/2005/feb/13/monarchy.davidsmith. Retrieved Feb 12, 2005. 
  23. ^ "Biography of Camilla Parker Bowles". http://en.over-blog.com/A_biography_of_Camilla_Parker_Bowles-1228321794-art339177.html. 
  24. ^ Wilson, Christopher (2003). The Windsor Knot. Chp.1 Four in the Morning: Citadel Press. pp. 16-17. http://books.google.com/books?id=rqbcZOgGHjoC&pg=PA17&dq=The+Windsor+knot+lady+Moyra&hl=en&sa=X&ei=G-5ET5CkM8bq0QHQntmEBA&ved=0CDkQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false. 
  25. ^ 'Major A.H. Parker Bowles and Miss C.R. Shand' in The Times, 5 July 1973
  26. ^ Brown, Tina (2007). The Diana Chronicles. pp. 125. http://books.google.com/books?id=mwuIx_PT6wYC&pg=PA123&dq=The+Diana+chronicles+camilla+shand&hl=en&sa=X&ei=-1NWT5-MHLOH0QHPudCbCg&ved=0CDcQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q&f=false. 
  27. ^ "A Royal Romance Interactive Timeline". CBS News. http://www.cbsnews.com/elements/2005/03/18/in_depth_world/timeline681722.shtml. Retrieved March 18, 2005. 
  28. ^ "Profile: Camilla Parker Bowles". BBC News. 10 February 2005. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/4252971.stm. Retrieved 27 June 2010. 
  29. ^ Seward, Ingrid (2001). The Queen and Di. Double Standards. pp. 139. http://books.google.com/books?id=3WZkyIUEWNgC&pg=PA139&dq=Lucia+Santa+Cruz+the+queen+and+di&hl=en&sa=X&ei=x1FWT-eqA-m50AHP8c2NCg&ved=0CDsQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false. 
  30. ^ Bradford, Sarah (2007). Diana. Footnote 10. http://books.google.com/books?id=YUWj6uKYHM4C&pg=PT36&dq=Lucia+Santa+cruz+camilla&hl=en&sa=X&ei=GRBET7f2BOPm0QHh2bHHBw&ved=0CDcQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=Lucia%20Santa%20cruz%20camilla&f=false. 
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[edit] Bibliography

  • Dimbleby, Jonathan (1994). The Prince of Wales, a Biography. Hamilton: Little, Brown and Company. ISBN 0316910163 
  • Brandreth, Gyles (2007). Charles and Camilla: Portrait of a Love Affair. U.K: Random House. ISBN 0099490870 
  • Wilson, Christopher (2003). The Windsor Knot. Citadel. ISBN 0806523867 
  • Wilson, Christopher (1994). A Greater Love: Prince Charles Twenty- Year Affair with Camilla Parker Bowles. William Morrow & co. ISBN 068813808X 
  • Graham, Caroline (1994). Camilla: The King's mistress: A love story. Contemporary Books. ISBN 0809234076 
  • Graham, Caroline (2004). Camilla: Her true story. John Blake. ISBN 190403475 
  • Tyrrel, Rebecca (2003). Camilla. Short Books. ISBN 1904095534 

[edit] External links

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Order of precedence in England and Wales and in Northern Ireland
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The Queen		 Ladies
HRH The Duchess of Cornwall		 Succeeded by
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Preceded by
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HRH The Duchess of Rothesay		 Succeeded by
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Camilla, Duchess of Cornwall
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*not including short-term appointments, visiting dignitaries and most peers

Camilla Shand* (2005 – present)

Lady Diana Spencer (1981–1997) · Mary of Teck (1901–1910) · Alexandra of Denmark (1863–1901) · Caroline of Brunswick (1795–1820) · Augusta of Saxe-Gotha (1736–1751) · Caroline of Brandenburg-Ansbach (1714–1727)  · Catherine of Aragon (1501–1502) · Anne Neville (1470–1471) · Joan of Kent (1361–1376) · Eleanor de Montfort (pre-conquest) (c. 1252–1282)
* uses the title Duchess of Cornwall except of the title Princess of Wales.
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