Canada Water

Map of Surrey Commercial Docks, 1921. Canada Dock is at the bottom left of the map

Canada Water is a freshwater lake and wildlife refuge in Rotherhithe in the Docklands in south-east London. Canada Water tube and bus station is named after the lake, and lies immediately to the north, while Surrey Quays Shopping Centre is also adjacent, sitting immediately to the south. The surrounding part of Rotherhithe is now increasingly known as Canada Water, after the Underground station as much as the lake itself.

The lake is named after the former Canada Dock, of which Canada Water is the surviving northern third, and which was mainly used by ships from Canada. As with much of the Docklands, the Surrey Commercial Docks closed in the 1970s. During the 1980s, the London Docklands Development Corporation took over, and invested heavily in the redevelopment of the area. About half of Canada Dock was infilled and the Surrey Quays Shopping Centre built on top of it; the remainder was converted into the present lake and wildlife refuge. An ornamental canal, Albion Channel, was created (through the site of the now filled-in Albion Dock) linking Canada Water to Surrey Water, with the spoil used to create Stave Hill in nearby Russia Dock Woodland.

The Albion Channel linking Canada Water with Surrey Water

Following the earlier gentrification of the parts of Rotherhithe along the river, the extension of the Jubilee Line in 1999 moved the focus to the area immediately around Canada Water. The opening of the new Canada Water tube station gave the area rapid connections to the rest of London, with Canary Wharf one stop, Westminster less than 10 minutes, and Bond Street around 15 minutes away by underground train. The station's connection to the London Overground network in 2010 has added a quick connection to the City of London, with a journey of around 10 minutes to Shoreditch High Street station, near Liverpool Street Station.

Much of the area is now going through a phase of rapid development, with new residential developments, a new library which opened in November 2011, cafés and restaurants being built around the lake; there are also plans to redevelop the shopping mall.

Canada Water is the only body of fresh water in London Docklands. During the construction works in the early 1980s, part of the lining was damaged and some pollution took place. The London Docklands Development Corporation undertook remedial works to restore the water ecology. Attempts were made to secure a water supply from the flooded tunnels of London Underground by building a pipeline to the dock from the flooded tunnels, but due to concerns about health and safety the water could not be supplied. Attempts were made to secure water from Thames water, but the quantity required would have been too great to justify at that time. Finally, historical research by the Landscape Architect Fraser Borwick revealed that historically ground water had been extracted to supply various industrial processes using wind power. After checking the borehole results of the Jubilee Line construction team, it was established that large amounts of potable water were available and a borehole 80 metres long was sunk into the ground. The borehole is lined for 60 metres, and the bottom 20 metres is into chalk. The water can be extracted using the windpump to keep the dock topped up with fresh water.

Places nearby

• Surrey Quays Shopping Centre
• Greenland Dock
• Rotherhithe
• Russia Dock Woodland
• St. Mary's Church, Rotherhithe
• Stave Hill (including Ecological Park)
• Swedish Seamen's Church
• Southwark Park
• Bacon's College

External links

• Canada Water Redevelopment promotional website
• Canada Water Consultative Forum & Canada Water Campaign