Canadian Forces Land Force Command

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Land Force Command
History
History of the Canadian Army
Canadian Corps
First Canadian Army
Military History of Canada
Structure
Structure of the Canadian Army
Land Force Atlantic Area
Land Force Quebec Area
Land Force Central Area
Land Force Western Area
List of Units

Land Force Command (LFC) is responsible for army operations within the Canadian Forces.[[1]]

Reserve infantrymen train in urban operations circa 2004. Reserve training focuses on real world situations and the needs of the Regular Force who rely on the Reserves for augmentation on operational deployments.
Reserve infantrymen train in urban operations circa 2004. Reserve training focuses on real world situations and the needs of the Regular Force who rely on the Reserves for augmentation on operational deployments.

LFC maintains regular forces units at bases across Canada and is also responsible for the largest component of the Primary Reserve, the Army Reserve, which is often referred to informally by its historic name, the "militia". The Chief of Land Staff is Lieutenant-General Andrew Leslie.

LFC is the descendant of the Canadian Army which was the name of Canada's land forces from 1940 until February 1, 1968. At the time of unification all army units were placed under Mobile Command (MC), later changed to Force Mobile Command (FMC) in 1975 when tactical air units were assigned to newly-created Air Command. The name was changed from FMC to Land Force Command in a 1997 reorganization of the Canadian Forces.

Contents

[edit] History

Following unification of the three armed services in 1968, Mobile Command became in effect the "Canadian Army" though the term "army" did not find favour until the 1980s when it became once again unofficially used to refer to Canada's land forces, both Regular and Reserve. The early organization of Mobile Command included tactical ground attack fixed and rotary wing aircraft, in addition to ground forces, and was akin to the integrated warfare approach of the United States Marine Corps. In a 1975 reorganization of the Canadian Forces, Air Command was created and all air assets were reassigned to that organization. Mobile Command was renamed Force Mobile Command and became an exclusive ground force. In 1997, Force Mobile Command was officially redesignated Land Force Command of the Canadian Forces.

[edit] Army bases and training centres

[edit] Regiments

See:List of units of the Canadian Army

Canadian infantry and armoured regimental traditions are strongly rooted in the traditions and history of the British Army. Many regiments were patterned after regiments of the British Army, and a system of official "alliances", or affiliations, was created to perpetuate a sense of shared history. Other regiments developed independently, resulting in a mixture of both colourful and historically familiar names. Other traditions such as Battle Honours and Colours have been maintained by Canadian regiments as well. Approximately two thirds of the Regular Force is anglophone units, while one third is francophone.

[edit] Regular Force

See:List of units of the Canadian Army

[edit] Armoured

Regular Force units include:

[edit] Artillery

Canada's regular field artillery has traditionally been called the Royal Canadian Horse Artillery. Canada currently has four Regular Force regiments:

[edit] Combat engineers

[edit] Infantry

Cap badge of the Royal 22e Régiment
Cap badge of the Royal 22e Régiment

Regular Force infantry regiments and battalions of the Canadian Army are:

  1. The Royal Canadian Regiment
  2. Princess Patricia's Canadian Light Infantry
    • 1st Battalion (CFB Edmonton) - Mechanized Infantry
    • 2nd Battalion (CFB Shilo) - Mechanized Infantry
    • 3rd Battalion (CFB Edmonton) - Light Infantry + Parachute Company
  3. Royal 22e Régiment

Between 1953 and 1971, the regular Canadian infantry consisted of seven regiments, each of two battalions (except the Royal 22e Régiment, which had three, and the Canadian Airborne Regiment, which was divided into three "commandos"). The three present regular infantry regiments were augmented by three further regiments each of two battalions:

After 1971, the regular force battalions of the QOR and the Black Watch were dissolved (their Militia battalions remained in Toronto and Montreal, respectively) with their personnel distributed between the RCR and PPCLI, while the Canadian Guards were disbanded. The Canadian Airborne Regiment was disbanded in 1995.

[edit] Reserve Force

See:List of units of the Canadian Army

[edit] Structure

[edit] Equipment

[edit] Vehicles

[2]

Model Type Number Dates Builder Details
Volkswagen/Bombardier Iltis light utility vehicle wheeled 1,900 1985-2004 Volkswagen, Germany optional M101 trailer unit; replaced by G-Wagen
MILCOTS (Milverado) 2500HD - 2003 Silverado Basic model 861 (GM K25943HD) light utility vehicle wheeled 1,061 2003-2004 Chevrolet, Flag of the United States United States replacing the Bombardier Iltis jeeps in non combat use in Canada
G-Wagen 4 × 4 light utility vehicle wheeled 1,159 2004- Mercedes-Benz, Germany replaced the Iltis light trucks in Afghanistan
Mamba/Nyala landmine-resistant 4×4 armoured personnel carrier 75 2006 BAE Systems Land Systems, United Kingdom/South Africa deployment in Afghanistan
MLVW medium logistic vehicle, wheeled 2,769 1982 General Motors Corporation/Bombardier, United States/Canada based on M35/M36 series trucks; procured new trucks to replace them - Oshkosh Truck Corporation MTVR truck
LSVW light support vehicle, wheeled 2,879 1993-1997 Western Star, Kelowna, British Columbia based on Iveco model 40.10
HLVW heavy lift vehicle 1,212 1992 Urban Transportation Development Corporation, Canada based on Austria's Steyr Percheron truck chassis
ROWPU reverse-osmosis water purification unit 40 1990s Zenon Environmental Inc, Canada
Cougar AVGP 6 × 6 armoured vehicle (general purpose) 195 1976 General Dynamics Canada/General Motors Diesel Division, United States Armoured fire support variant armed with 76-mm gun; being retired from reserve units and replaced with G-Wagon
Grizzly AVGP armoured personnel carrier 274 1976 General Dynamics Canada/General Motors Diesel Division, Flag of the United States United States/Flag of Canada Canada Life-extended & relegated to support roles after 2000; 100 loaned to African Union troops in Sudan.
Husky AVGP armoured recovery 27 1976 General Dynamics Canada/General Motors Diesel Division, Flag of the United States United States/Flag of Canada Canada 5 loaned to African Union troops in Sudan.
Lynx reconnaissance vehicle armoured reconnaissance 174 1968–1993 FMC Flag of the United States United States replaced by Coyote Reconnaissance Vehicle
Kodiak armoured personnel carrier +100 N/A Flag of Canada Canada
Coyote Reconnaissance Vehicle (8×8) armoured reconnaissance 203 1996 General Dynamics Canada/General Motors Diesel Division, Flag of the United States United States/Flag of Canada Canada replaced the Lynx reconnaissance vehicle
Bison (8×8) armoured personnel carrier 199 1990 General Dynamics Canada/General Motors Diesel Division, Flag of the United States United States/Flag of Canada Canada TRILS (Tactical Radar Identification and Location System) uses Bison chassis; 74 as Ambulances

60 Mortar vehicles, 35 Recovery vehicles, 16 Mobile Repair Team vehicles, 14 Electronic Warfare vehicles (AERIES)

M113A3/MTVL tracked armoured personnel carrier 1,143 1960s-1991; 2001-2006 FMC, Flag of the United States United States 289 of original 1,143 M113's delivered mid-1960s to early 1990s upgraded to A3/MTVL; remainder declared surplus; used Taurus ARV tank tow vehicle
LAV III 8 × 8 light armoured vehicle 651 1999 General Motors Diesel Division, Flag of Canada Canada 313 LAV Infantry Section Carriers, 181 LAV Command Post variants, 33 LAV TOW Under Armour (TUA) variants (Turret equipped with 2 TOW launchers), 47 LAV Forward Observation Officer (FOO) variants, 44 LAV Engineer variants, 33 Multi-Mission Effects Vehicle (MMEV)
ADATS air-defence, antitank system 34 1989 Rheinmetall Defence (formerly Oerlikon Contraves), Flag of Canada Canada on M113 Armored Personnel Carrier platform
Leopard C2 main battle tank 66 1978– Krauss-Maffei/ Rheinmetall Defence, Flag of Germany Germany 114 Leopard C1 tanks were upgraded to Leopard C2 in 2000–2001; deployment in Afghanistan
Leopard 2A6M main battle tank 20 (40) 2007– Krauss-Maffei/ Rheinmetall Defence, Flag of Germany Germany A squadron of 20 Leopard 2A6M tanks "for deployed operations" were borrowed from the German Bundeswehr for use in Afghanistan for interim use (starting August 2007)[1] until they are replaced by 40 to be purchased from the Netherlands.[2]
Leopard 2A4 main battle tank 100 2007– Krauss-Maffei/ Rheinmetall Defence, Flag of Germany Germany 100 Leopard 2A4 tanks "for collective and individual training" are planned to be purchased from the Netherlands in the summer of 2007.[2]
ARV 3 M Buffalo "Büffel" key support vehicles 2 (20) 2007– Rheinmetall Defence, Flag of Germany Germany 2 Leopard 2-based ARVs were borrowed from Germany and delivered to Afghanistan in August 2007. 20 Leopard 2 support variants (armoured recovery vehicles, armoured bridge-laying vehicles and armoured engineering vehicles) are planned to be purchased from the Netherlands in the summer of 2007.[2]
AEV Badger "Dachs" armoured engineering vehicle 9 1990 Rheinmetall Defence (formerly MAK), Flag of Germany Germany uses Leopard 1 chassis; armed with 7.62-mm machine gun (coax) C6 – 7.62-mm machine gun (external mount) 76-mm grenade launcher
AVLB Beaver "Biber" armoured bridge-laying vehicle 9 1978– Rheinmetall Defence (formerly MAK), Flag of Germany Germany uses Leopard 1 chassis
ARV Taurus armoured recovery vehicle 16 1978- Rheinmetall Defence (formerly MAK), Flag of Germany Germany uses Leopard 1 chassis
M109 self-propelled howitzer 76 1960s-1980s United Defense Limited Partnership, Flag of the United States United States Retired mid-2000s -
Bv206 tracked vehicle 78 1983 BAE Systems Hägglunds - Haaglunds, Sweden
CH-146 Griffon tactical utility helicopter 100 1995-1997 Bell Helicopter Textron, UniFlag of the United States United States/Flag of Canada Canada
M151A2 light truck 935 1974-1975 A.M. General Corp, Flag of the United States United States replaced by the Volkswagen Iltis truck in 1984
KMK 2025 crane N/A N/A Krupp, Flag of Germany Germany
Solar 220LC-III Track Excavator N/A N/A Daewoo, Flag of South Korea South Korea
TRILS Tactical Radar Identification and Location System 4 1997 General Dynamics Canada/General Motors Diesel Division, Flag of the United States United States/Flag of Canada Canada based on Bison (8×8)
M109A4 Self Propelled Howitzer 76 N/A Bowen McLaughlin-York, Flag of the United States United States all retired
Galion 850 series Road grader N/A N/A Galion, Ohio, Flag of the United States United States
JSFU Mine clearing system 1? 2000 Aardvark, United Kingdom Flag of the United Kingdom United Kingdom deployment in Afghanistan
M-Gator ATV transport and support N/A N/A Deere & Company, Flag of the United States United States deployment in Afghanistan
Cougar (vehicle) H armoured fighting vehicle 6 2007- Force Protection Inc, United States deployment in Afghanistan
Buffalo (mine protected vehicle) H mine removal system 5 2007- Force Protection Inc, Flag of the United States United States/Flag of South Africa deployment in Afghanistan
Husky mine removal system 5 2007- DCD Dorbyl, Flag of South Africa deployment in Afghanistan; 1 damaged by mine
Actros Armoured Heavy Support Vehicle Systems (AHSVS) 8 x8 armoured heavy support vehicle 86; option for additional 26 on order Mercedes-Benz, Flag of Germany Germany deployment in Afghanistan 2008

[edit] Weapons

Model/Type Number Dates Manufacturer Details
C9 machine-gun N/A N/A FN MINIMI, Flag of Belgium Belgium
C7A1 rifle/C8A1 carbine/C-7A2 rifle N/A N/A Diemaco/Colt Canada, Flag of Canada Canada
C6 machine-gun N/A N/A FN MAG, Flag of Belgium Belgium
Browning .50 calibre heavy machine-gun N/A N/A John M. Browning, Flag of the United States United States
Browning-HP 9 mm pistol N/A 1944 John M. Browning, Template:Canadian made in WW2
Long Range Sniper Weapon (LRSW) N/A 2000 McMillan Brothers, Flag of Canada Canada
C3A1 sniper rifle N/A N/A Parker Hale, Flag of the United Kingdom United Kingdom being phased out and replaced with the C14 sniper rifle
C14 Timberwolf .338 Lapua sniper rifle N/A 2005 PGW Defence Technologies Inc., Flag of Canada Canada Just entering service as the standard sniper rifle of the Canadian Forces
C13 fragmentation grenade N/A N/A Flag of the United States United States
M203A1 grenade launcher N/A N/A Flag of the United States United States
TOW anti-tank missile N/A N/A Flag of the United States United States
M3 Carl Gustav 84mm SRAAW(M) anti-armour platoon gun N/A N/A Bofors, Flag of Sweden
M72 anti-tank weapon N/A N/A Nammo, Flag of Norway
81 mm mortar N/A N/A Flag of the United Kingdom United Kingdom
60 mm mortar N/A N/A Flag of the United States United States
ERYX short-range anti-armour weapon (heavy) 435 1994 MBDA, Flag of France France
Javelin short-range air defence missile 110 N/A Flag of the United Kingdom United Kingdom
LG1 Mark II 105 mm towed howitzer 28 1997 Giat Industries, Flag of France France
M777 lightweight 155mm howitzer 6 2008 British Vickers, Flag of the United Kingdom United Kingdom
XM982 Excalibur 155mm guided artillery shell N/A 2008 Raytheon/BAE Systems Bofors, Flag of the United States United States
Skyguard / 35 mm twin-gun low-level air defence 20 1950-1970 Oerlikon, Flag of Germany Germany
C1 close support howitzer N/A N/A Flag of the United States United States
C3 close support howitzer N/A N/A Flag of the United States United States
P225, 226 pistol N/A N/A SIGARMS, Flag of Switzerland
Remington 870 shotgun c. 1950 N/A N/A Remington Arms, Flag of the United States United States

[edit] Other equipment

Model/Type Number Dates Manufacturer Details
CG634 Helmet N/A 1997 CGF Gallet, Flag of Canada Canada replaced M1 Helmet
CADPAT (Canadian Disruptive Pattern) - Arid Regions uniform N/A 2002 Flag of Canada Canada
CADPAT (Canadian Disruptive Pattern) - Temperate Woodland uniform N/A 2002 Flag of Canada Canada
Improved Landmine Detection System (ILDS) N/A 2000s N/A
Ferret Anti Sniper System 13 2005 MacDonald Dettwiler Corp Richmond, BC Flag of Canada Canada a microphone system mounted on the Coyote APC
QuikClot N/A 2007 Flag of the United States United States chemical clotting agent to help clot wounds
hypertonic fluid N/A 2007 Defence Research and Development Canada (DRDC), Flag of Canada Canada concentrated blood clotting agent
Xaver 800 N/A 2007 Camero Incorporated of Vienna, Virigina Flag of the United States United States microwave radar system - uses radio waves and converter to capture images
Medium Floating Bridge (MFB) N/A N/A N/A floating bridge
Medium Girder Bridge {MGB} N/A N/A N/A light modular bridge
Minelab F1A4 N/A N/A N/A hand held mine detector
NODLR N/A N/A N/A night vision camera
Track Way N/A N/A N/A portable road for soft ground conditions
E-One Cyclone N/A N/A N/A fire pumper
Oshkosk N/A N/A N/A airport fire tender

[edit] Historic equipment (World War II)

[edit] Trucks

Model/Type Period or Years in Use Manufacturer/Origins
Willys Jeep Flag of the United States United States
Morris C8 Flag of the United Kingdom United Kingdom
AEC Matador Flag of the United Kingdom United Kingdom
Diamond T 4-Ton lorry Flag of the United States United States
Ford F-8 Ford Motor Company of Canada Flag of Canada Canada
Ford F-15 Ford Motor Company of Canada Flag of Canada Canada
Ford F-30 Ford Motor Company of Canada Flag of Canada Canada
Ford F-60S, F-60L, F-60H, F-60T Ford Motor Company of Canada Flag of Canada Canada
Ford F-GT Ford Motor Company of Canada Flag of Canada Canada
General Motors Canada (CHEVROLET) C-8, C-8A General Motors of Canada Flag of Canada Canada
General Motors Canada (CHEVROLET) C-15, C-15A General Motors of Canada Flag of Canada Canada
General Motors Canada (CHEVROLET) C15TA Armoured Truck General Motors of Canada Flag of Canada Canada
General Motors Canada (CHEVROLET) C-30, C-60S, C-60L, C-60X General Motors of Canada Flag of Canada Canada
General Motors Canada (CHEVROLET) C-GT General Motors of Canada Flag of Canada Canada
General Motors Canada (CHEVROLET) Field Artillery Tractor General Motors of Canada Flag of Canada Canada
Daimler Dingo Daimler Motor Company Flag of the United Kingdom United Kingdom
Daimler Mk. I Armoured Car Daimler Motor Company Flag of the United Kingdom United Kingdom
Humber Mk. I Scout Car Humber Flag of the United Kingdom United Kingdom
Humber Mk. IV Armoured Car Humber Flag of the United Kingdom United Kingdom
M3 Scout Car White Motor Company Flag of the United States United States
Otter Light Reconnaissance Car General Motors Canada Flag of Canada Canada
Staghound Armoured Car General Motors Canada Flag of the United States United States
Fox Armoured Car Ford Motor Company of Canada Flag of Canada Canada
Otter Light Reconnaissance Car General Motors of Canada Flag of Canada Canada
Lynx Scout Car Daimler Motor Company Template:UK/CAN
M5 Reconnaissance Vehicle (A turretless variant of the M5 light tank) Flag of the United States United States

[edit] Armoured carriers and armoured tractors

Model/Type Period or Years in Use Manufacturer/Origins
Kangaroo (armoured personnel carrier) Vickers or White Motor Company Flag of the United States United States/Flag of the United Kingdom United Kingdom/Flag of Canada Canada
M7 Priest Kangaroo (Converted from M7 Priest SP howitzer) Rock Island Arsenal, Detroit Tank Arsenal, American Locomotive Company Flag of the United States United States
Ram Kangaroo (Converted from Ram I and II tanks) Montreal Locomotive Works and American Locomotive Company Flag of Canada Canada/Flag of the United States United States
Sherman Kangaroo (Converted from Sherman tanks) Wright Corporation Flag of the United States United States (Designer)
Loyd Carrier Carden-Loyd Tractors Limited and Vickers-Armstron Flag of the United Kingdom United Kingdom
Universal Carrier Vickers Flag of the United Kingdom United Kingdom
Wasp - A Universal Carrier with flame-thrower equipment Vickers Flag of the United Kingdom United Kingdom
T-16 Carrier Vickers Flag of the United Kingdom United Kingdom
Windsor Carrier Vickers Flag of the United Kingdom United Kingdom
M3A1 Half-track Rock Island Arsenal, Detroit Tank Arsenal, American Locomotive Company Flag of the United States United States Flag of the United States United States
Truck,15-cwt, Half-track International Harvester Flag of the United States United States
M5 Half-track International Harvester Flag of the United States United States
M9A1 Half-track International Harvester Flag of the United States United States
M14 Half-track International HarvesterFlag of the United States United States

[edit] Tanks

Model/Type Period or Years in Use Manufacturer/Origins
Stuart tank Wright Corporation Flag of the United States United States
Churchill infantry tank MkI-IV Harlan-Wolff Flag of the United Kingdom United Kingdom
Churchill Oke flame tank
Sherman Tank Flag of the United Kingdom United Kingdom/Flag of the United States United States Wright Corporation Flag of the United States United States
Grizzly (Canadian built M4A1) Flag of Canada Canada
Sherman III (M4A2 with a 75 mm gun) Wright Corporation Flag of the United States United States
Sherman V (M4A4 with a 75 mm gun) Wright Corporation Flag of the United States United States
Sherman Ib (M4 with a 105 mm howitzer) Wright Corporation Flag of the United States United States
Sherman IC (Firefly) (M4 with a 17 pounder gun) Wright Corporation Flag of the United States United States
Sherman VC (Firefly) (M4A4 with a 17 pounder gun) Wright Corporation Flag of the United States United States
Sherman V Duplex Drive tank (M4A4 {75mm} with Duplex Drive system and flotation screen) Wright Corporation Flag of the United States United States
Sherman Badger flame tank Wright Corporation Flag of the United States United States
Ram Badger flame tank Early WW2 Flag of the United States United States
M10 Wolverine tank destroyer WW2 Flag of the United States United States
Achilles tank destroyers (M10 equipped with a 17 pounder gun) WW2
Archer Tank Destroyer WW2, Suez Crisis Flag of the United States United States

[edit] Training tanks
Model/Type Period or Years in Use Manufacturer/Origins
Carden Loyd Mk IV tankette Flag of the United Kingdom United Kingdom
Light Tank Mk VIA Flag of the United Kingdom United Kingdom
Six Ton Tank Model 1917 Flag of France France
Ram tank I and II Flag of Canada Canada
Vickers Valentine Mark VI Flag of the United Kingdom United Kingdom
Matilda II infantry tank Flag of the United Kingdom United Kingdom
Lee/Grant Flag of the United States United States

[edit] Self-propelled artillery

Model/Type Period or Years in Use Manufacturer/Origins
M3 75mm Gun Motor Carriage (M3 Half-track equipped with the M1A1 75 mm gun) Flag of the United States United States
Sexton Flag of Canada Canada
M7 Priest Flag of the United States United States
Centaur IV Flag of the United Kingdom United Kingdom
Centaur, AA Mk II Flag of the United Kingdom United Kingdom
Skink anti-aircraft tank Flag of Canada Canada

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