Canadian Forces Land Force Command

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

  (Redirected from Canadian Army)
Jump to: navigation, search
 This article may require cleanup to meet Wikipedia's quality standards. Please improve this article if you can. (November 2009)
Maple Leaf (from roundel).svg  Land Force Command
Canadian Army Flag.svg
 
History
History of the Canadian Army
Canadian Corps
First Canadian Army
Military History of Canada
Structure
Structure of the Canadian Army
Land Force Atlantic Area
Land Force Quebec Area
Land Force Central Area
Land Force Western Area
List of Units
 
This box: view • talk
Flag of Canada.svg
Military history of Canada:
Wars since Confederation
Red River Expedition
Boer War
First World War
Russian Civil War
Spanish Civil War
Second World War
Korean War
Cold War
UN Peacekeeping
Invasion of Afghanistan

Land Force Command (LFC), often also called the Canadian Army, is responsible for army operations within the Canadian Forces. The current size of Land Force Command is 19,500 regular soldiers and 16,000 reserve soldiers, for a total of around 35,500 soldiers.

LFC maintains regular forces units at bases across Canada and is also responsible for the largest component of the Primary Reserve, the Army Reserve, which is often referred to informally by its historic name, the "militia". The Chief of the Land Staff is Lieutenant-General Andrew Leslie.

LFC is the descendant of the Canadian Army which was the name of Canada's land forces from 1940 until February 1, 1968. At the time of unification all army units were placed under Mobile Command (MC), later changed to Force Mobile Command (FMC) in 1975 when tactical air units were assigned to newly-created Air Command. The name was changed from FMC to Land Force Command in a 1997 reorganization of the Canadian Forces.

Contents

[edit] History

Reserve infantrymen train in urban operations circa 2004. Reserve training focuses on real world situations and the needs of the Regular Force who rely on the Reserves for augmentation on operational deployments.
Main article: History of the Canadian Army

Following unification of the three armed services in 1968, Mobile Command became in effect the "Canadian Army" though the term "army" did not find favour until the 1980s when it became once again unofficially used to refer to Canada's land forces, both Regular and Reserve. The early organization of Mobile Command included tactical ground attack fixed and rotary wing aircraft, in addition to ground forces, and was akin to the integrated warfare approach of the United States Marine Corps. In a 1975 reorganization of the Canadian Forces, Air Command was created and all air assets were reassigned to that organization. Mobile Command was renamed Force Mobile Command and became an exclusive ground force. In 1997, Force Mobile Command was officially redesignated Land Force Command of the Canadian Forces.

[edit] Army bases and training centres

Alberta (Land Force Western Area)

Manitoba Land Force Western Area

Ontario (Land Force Central Area)

Quebec (Land Force Quebec Area)

New Brunswick (Land Force Atlantic Area)

Nova Scotia (Land Force Atlantic Area)

  • LFAATC Det Aldershot, Kentville Nova Scotia

[edit] Regiments

See: List of units of the Canadian Army

Canadian infantry and armoured regimental traditions are strongly rooted in the traditions and history of the British Army. Many regiments were patterned after regiments of the British Army, and a system of official "alliances", or affiliations, was created to perpetuate a sense of shared history. Other regiments developed independently, resulting in a mixture of both colourful and historically familiar names. Other traditions such as Battle Honours and Colours have been maintained by Canadian regiments as well. Approximately two thirds of the Regular Force is composed of anglophone units, while one third is francophone.

[edit] Regular force

See: List of units of the Canadian Army

[edit] Armoured

Regular Force units include:

[edit] Artillery

Canada's regular field artillery has traditionally been called the Royal Canadian Horse Artillery. Canada currently has four Regular Force regiments:

[edit] Combat engineers

[edit] Infantry

Regular Force infantry regiments and battalions of the Canadian Army are:

  1. The Royal Canadian Regiment
  2. Princess Patricia's Canadian Light Infantry
    • 1st Battalion (CFB Edmonton) - Mechanized Infantry
    • 2nd Battalion (CFB Shilo) - Mechanized Infantry
    • 3rd Battalion (CFB Edmonton) - Light Infantry + Parachute Company
  3. Royal 22e Régiment

Between 1953 and 1971, the regular Canadian infantry consisted of seven regiments, each of two battalions (except the Royal 22e Régiment, which had three, and the Canadian Airborne Regiment, which was divided into three "commandos"). The three present regular infantry regiments were augmented by three further regiments each of two battalions:

After 1971, the regular force battalions of the QOR and the Black Watch were dissolved (their Militia battalions remained in Toronto and Montreal, respectively) with their personnel distributed between The RCR and PPCLI, while the Canadian Guards were disbanded. The Canadian Airborne Regiment was disbanded in 1995.

[edit] Reserve force

See: List of units of the Canadian Army

[edit] Structure

Main article: Structure of the Canadian Forces Land Force Command

[edit] Commanders, Mobile Command

[edit] Chiefs of the Land Staff

[edit] Leadership

The Royal Military College of Canada mission is to educate, train and develop Officer Cadets for leadership careers of effective service in the Canadian Forces-Canadian Forces Air Command, Canadian Forces Maritime Command and Canadian Forces Land Force Command.

[edit] Equipment

[edit] Utility vehicles

Model Image Type Number Dates Manufacturer Details
MILCOTS Silverado MP MilCOTS.jpg Light Utility Vehicle 1,061 2003-2004 Chevrolet,  United States Militarized Commercial Off-The-Shelf or colloquially as the "Milverado". Replacing the Bombardier Iltis jeeps in non combat use. 2500HD - 2003 Basic model 861 (GM K25943HD)
G-Wagen 4 × 4 Two Canadian Forces G-Wagons.jpg Light Utility Vehicle 1,159 2003-2004 Mercedes-Benz,  Germany Replaced the Iltis light trucks in combat zones. Deployed in Afghanistan
M-Gator M-Gator.jpg Light Utility Vehicle/All Terrain Vehicle 48 2007 Deere & Company,  United States Deployed in Afghanistan
LSVW Canadian Army LSVW ambulance.jpg Light Support Vehicle, Wheeled 2,879 1993-1997 Western Star,  Canada Based on Iveco model 40.10 with trailer units
MLVW Bombardier MLVW towing howitzer.jpg Medium Logistic Vehicle, Wheeled 2,769 1982 General Motors Corporation/Bombardier,  United States/ Canada License built M35/M36 series trucks. Peter MacKay had announced in January 2009, 1300 new 7000-MV from Navistar International.The new vehicle coming between 2009-2010.[1] Option of 1690 including Off-the-Shelf and Standard Military Pattern, project close out fall 2013.
HLVW N/A Heavy Logistic Vehicle, Wheeled 1,212 1992 Urban Transportation Development Corporation,  Canada Based on Steyr 1491 Percheron truck chassis
Bv206 Hagglunds Bv206 25th US Marines 2.jpg Tracked Utility Vehicle 78 1983 BAE Systems Hägglunds,  Sweden They Were deployed in Afghanistan during the Operation Anaconda in march 2002.

[edit] Armoured fighting vehicles

Model Image Type Number Dates Manufacturer Details
Coyote Reconnaissance Vehicle Canadian Light Armored Vehicle at the Calgary Stampede, 2007.jpg 8 × 8 Wheeled AFV 203 1996 General Dynamics Canada/General Motors Diesel Division,  Canada Replaced the Lynx in the armoured reconnaissance role. The Coyote will be replaced by 200 modern Tactical Armoured Patrol Vehicle and a option of 100 more starting by 2011.
Grizzly AVGP 6 × 6 Wheeled APC 274 1976 General Dynamics Canada/General Motors Diesel Division,  Canada Variants include Personnel Carrier (52),Command Post (80),Radio Relay (10),Artillery Gun Tractor (18),Mobile Repair Team (70)[2] ,Life-extended & relegated to support roles after 2000; 100 loaned to African Union troops in Sudan.
Bison N/A 8 × 8 Wheeled APC 199 1990 General Dynamics Canada/General Motors Diesel Division,  Canada TRILS (Tactical Radar Identification and Location System) uses Bison chassis; as Ambulances (74), Mortar vehicles (60), Recovery vehicles (35), Mobile Repair Team vehicles (16), Electronic Warfare vehicles (AERIES) (14).
M113A3/MTVL M113 in Panama.jpg Tracked APC 1,143 1960s-1991; 2001-2006 FMC,  United States 289 of original 1,143 M113's delivered mid-1960s to early 1990s upgraded to A3/MTVL; remainder declared surplus; used Taurus ARV tank tow vehicle. It is anticipated that the upgraded M113s will be in service until 2020.
LAV III Canadian Forces at the University of Alberta campus in Edmonton.jpg 8 × 8 Wheeled AFV 651 1999 General Dynamics Canada/General Motors Diesel Division  Canada LAV Infantry Section Carriers (313), LAV Command Post variants (181), LAV TOW Under Armour (TUA) variants (Turret equipped with 2 TOW launchers) (33), LAV Forward Observation Officer (FOO) variants (47), LAV Engineer variants (44), Multi-Mission Effects Vehicle (MMEV) (33). According to the Lieutenant-General Andrew Leslie , 33 per cent of the army's light-armoured vehicles (LAVs) were out of service. He said Ottawa needs to get rid of the red tape and ensure that broken equipment gets fixed.[3] 33 surplus LAV TUA hulls will be converted into LAV ISC (Infantry Section Carrier), fitted with Nanuk Remotely Controlled Weapon Station and similar to the U.S M1126 Infantry Carrier Vehicle.[4]
ADATS Adats 01.jpg Air-Defense, Anti-Tank System 34 1989 Rheinmetall Defence (formerly Oerlikon Contraves),  Canada ADATS are mounted on M113 Armored Personnel Carrier platform. The ADATS is considered to be the most successful SHORAD system in the world with 85% or better engagement success rate. ADATS is a completely self-contained system in an unmanned turret with FLIR (Forward-Looking Infrared) and TV sensors, laser rangefinder and designator, a search radar. Composed of eight missiles, the ADATS can hit multiple threats in a few seconds.
Leopard C2 Bovington Leopard C2-1.jpg Main Battle Tank 66 1978-1979 Krauss-Maffei/ Rheinmetall Defence,  Germany 114 Leopard C1 tanks were upgraded to Leopard C2 in 2000–2001; Deployed in Afghanistan
Leopard 2A4+ Leopard2 a5 front.jpg Main Battle Tank 95 2007–2009 Krauss-Maffei/ Rheinmetall Defence,  Germany 80 Leopard 2A4 from Netherlands were updated in 2007-2008 with a Rheinmetall 120 mm L55 smoothbore gun, designated "Leopard 2A4+" and 15 Leopard 2A4 from Germany for spare parts and training, in the summer of 2007.Enineering, Developing & Licencing Inc. EODC awarding a contract with IBD Deisenroth Engineering for the Leopard 2A4 with a new evolution concept for modern full spectrum warfare. [5] [6] [7] [8]
Leopard 2A6/2A6M Holland Leopard 2A6.jpg Main Battle Tank 40 2007– Krauss-Maffei/ Rheinmetall Defence,  Germany A squadron of 20 Leopard 2A6M tanks "for deployed operations" was leased from the German Bundeswehr for use in Afghanistan for interim use (starting August 2007)[9]. 40 Leopard 2A6 were purchased from the Netherlands 20 will receive upgrade for 2A6M (mine protection).[8]. The 20 German Leopard 2A6Ms will likely be retained and replaced with 20 of the 2A6s purchased from the Netherlands at the end of the lease agreement leaving a total of 40 2A6 for Canada.

[edit] Mine-resistant vehicles

Model Image Type Number Dates Manufacturer Details
Mamba/Nyala RG-31.JPG Armoured Personnel Carrier 75 2006 BAE Systems Land Systems,  United Kingdom/ South Africa The Canadian Forces use the RG-31 Mk3 with Protector M151 Remote Weapon Station. Deployed in Afghanistan.The RG-31 will be replaced by 300 modern Tactical Armoured Patrol Vehicle and a option of 100 more starting by 2011.
Cougar H Cougar 4x4 Iraq 2004.jpg Armoured Fighting Vehicle 40 2007-2009 Force Protection Inc,  United States/ South Africa Deployed in Afghanistan.
Buffalo A2 Buffalo mine-protected vehicle.jpg Mine Clearing System 19 2007-2009 Force Protection Inc,  United States/ South Africa Deployed in Afghanistan.[10]
JSFU Aardvark mine vehicle.jpg Mine Clearing System 5 2000 Aardvark,  United Kingdom Deployed in Afghanistan
Husky N/A Mine Clearing System 5 2007- DCD Dorbyl,  South Africa Deployed in Afghanistan; 1 damaged by mine

[edit] Engineering and support vehicles

Model Image Type Number Dates Manufacturer Details
Husky AVGP Armoured Recovery Vehicle 27 1976 General Dynamics Canada/General Motors Diesel Division,  Canada The Husky will be life-extended and will continue to be used as a maintenance and recovery vehicle for the next decade.[11] 5 loaned to African Union troops in Sudan.
ARV 3 M Buffalo "Büffel" Bergepanzer Bueffel.jpg Armoured Recovery Vehicle 2 (8) 2007– Rheinmetall Defence,  Germany 2 Leopard 2-based ARVs were purchased from Germany and delivered to Afghanistan in August 2007. Another 6 Leopard 2 are to be converted from the purchased Leopard 2A4's into support variants (armoured recovery vehicles, armoured bridge-laying vehicles and armoured engineering vehicles) are planned.[8]
AEV Badger "Dachs" Pionierpanzer Dachs right Side.jpg Armoured Engineering Vehicle 9 1990 Rheinmetall Defence (formerly MAK),  Germany Uses Leopard 1 chassis; armed with 7.62-mm machine gun (coax) C6–7.62-mm machine gun (external mount) 76-mm grenade launcher. To be replaced by 13 Armoured Engineering Vehicle starting by 2011.
AVLB Beaver "Biber" Panzerschnellbruecke Biber auf Brueckenleger.jpg Armoured Bridge-Laying Vehicle 9 1978– Rheinmetall Defence (formerly MAK),  Germany Uses Leopard 1 chassis
ARV Taurus Bergepanzer2.jpg Armoured Recovery Vehicle 16 1978- Rheinmetall Defence (formerly MAK),  Germany Uses Leopard 1 chassis
Galion 850 series N/A Road grader N/A N/A Galion Iron Works,  United States
KMK 2025 N/A Crane N/A N/A Krupp,  Germany
Solar 220LC-III N/A Tracked Excavator N/A N/A Daewoo,  South Korea

[edit] Miscellaneous vehicles

Model Image Type Number Dates Manufacturer Details
TRILS N/A Tactical Radar Identification and Location System 4 1997 General Dynamics Canada/General Motors Diesel Division,  Canada Based on Bison chassis.
AERIES N/A Advanced Electronic Reconnaissance Intelligence Evaluation System 6 1995 General Dynamics Canada/General Motors Diesel Division,  Canada Based on Bison chassis.
ADPROWPU N/A Advanced Double Pass Portable Reverse-Osmosis Water Purification Unit 40 1990s Zenon Environmental Inc (now GE Water),  Canada Delivery of units by DART; Contract to upgrade trailer units given to Seprotech Systems Incorporated, Ottawa ON; units used in Canada, Pakistan, Haiti and Afghanistan
CH-146 Griffon Afghanistan 2009.jpg Utility Helicopter 85 1995-1997 Bell Helicopter Textron,  United States/ Canada Armed versions deployed to Afghanistan to escort heavy lift helicopters
CH-147 Chinook Afghanistan2009.jpg Cargo Helicopter 6 currently in use since December 2008, 15 to be delivered between 2013-2014 2008 Boeing,  United States Twin-rotor medium/heavy lift helicopter. Six CH-147 "D" model entered service in 2008, with a further 15 long range hybrid "F" models on order, with delivery expected 2013-2014.[12] Operationally deployed in January 2009 to Afghanistan. The future CH-147 "F" model will be fitted with MX-15 EO/IR surveillance turrets and AN/ALQ-213V Electronic Warfare Management System (EWMS).[13] [14]
AHSVS Armoured Heavy Support Vehicle Systems 86; option for additional 26 2008-? Mercedes-Benz,  Germany Deployed in Afghanistan 2008
DAF XF95 Tropco Tractor N/A HET Tractor 1-2? 2007 DAF Trucks,  Netherlands Leased from Dutch Army until delivery of AHSVS is complete
Broshuis HET N/A Heavy Equipment Trailer 1-2? 2007 Broshuis BV,  Netherlands Leased from Dutch Army for use in Afghanistan.
Heron IAI Heron 1 in flight 2.JPEG Unmanned Aerial Vehicle 3 2 2009 IAI,  Israel One HERON Crash in Kandahar Airfield in March 2009 , the reason still a mystery. [1] Unmanned reconnaissance aircraft. Allows "ground forces to see...in real time [the] images acquired by the aircraft's sensors on a laptop on the ground"[15]
Boeing ScanEagle 081120-N-7676W-098.jpg small UAV 1+ 2008 Boeing leased aircraft

[2]

Vehicle camouflage used by CF Land Forces varies. Older vehicles use the 3 colour (green, brown and black) and olive drab. Those in service in the United Nations missions were painted white with the words "UN" in black or with the UN logo and a blue banner with the words "United Nations" in white). As for service in Afghanistan, most vehicles were painted with desert tan (with artillery pieces in their regular colours).

[edit] Weapons and artillery

Main article: List of infantry weapons and equipment of the Canadian military
Model Type Number Dates Manufacture Details
Browning-HP 9 mm pistol Semi-automatic pistol N/A 1944 Inglis,  Canada License produced by Inglis during World War II
P225, 226 pistol Semi-automatic pistol N/A N/A SIGARMS,  Switzerland
Remington 870 c. 1950 Shotgun N/A N/A Remington Arms,  United States
C7 rifle/C8 carbine Assault rifle N/A 1986 Diemaco/Colt Canada,  Canada License produced and modified M16
C9 LMG Light machine gun N/A 1986 Fabrique Nationale,  Belgium FN MINIMI
C6 GPMG General purpose machine gun N/A 1978 Fabrique Nationale,  Belgium FN MAG
Browning .50 Cal Heavy machine gun N/A N/A John M. Browning,  United States
C3A1 Rifle Sniper rifle N/A N/A Parker Hale,  United Kingdom being phased out and replaced with the C14 sniper rifle
C14 Timberwolf Sniper rifle N/A 2005 PGW Defence Technologies Inc.,  Canada Just entering service as the standard sniper rifle of the Canadian Forces. Chambered for .338 Lapua
McMillan TAC-50 Long Range Sniper Weapon (LRSW) Sniper rifle N/A 2000 McMillan Brothers,  United States
C13 fragmentation grenade Hand grenade N/A N/A  United States
M203A1 grenade launcher Grenade launcher N/A N/A  United States
M3 Carl Gustav 84 mm SRAAW(M) Recoilless rifle N/A M2 1969, M3 1988 Bofors,  Sweden
M72 anti-tank weapon Shoulder-launched rocket N/A N/A Nammo,  Norway
ERYX ATM Anti-tank missile 435 1994 MBDA,  France/ Canada Short-ranged, man portable anti-tank missile
TOW ATM Anti-tank missile N/A N/A  United States Long-ranged anti-tank missile
60 mm mortar Mortar N/A N/A  United States
81 mm mortar Mortar N/A N/A  United Kingdom
C2 close support howitzer Howitzer N/A N/A  United States Used by the reserves only
C3 close support howitzer Howitzer 96 1998  United States Used by the reserves only
LG1 Mark II 105 mm towed howitzer Howitzer 28 1997 GIAT,  France
M777 lightweight 155mm howitzer Howitzer 12 2005-2008 British Vickers,  United Kingdom Requested a further sale of up to 37
XM982 Excalibur 155mm artillery shell Precision-guided munition N/A 2008 Raytheon/BAE Systems Bofors,  United States

[edit] Other equipment

Model/Type Number Dates Manufacturer Details
Vanguard Mk2 UGV N/A 2007 Allen Vanguard,  Canada Vanguard Mk2 bomb disposal robot [3] [4]
4100 Fragmentation Vest N/A N/A Pacific Safety Products ,  Canada Model 4100 [5]
CG634 Helmet N/A 1997 CGF Gallet,  Canada replaced M1 Helmet
CADPAT (Canadian Disruptive Pattern) - Arid Regions uniform N/A 2002  Canada replaced old olive green Combat Dress
CADPAT (Canadian Disruptive Pattern) - Temperate Woodland uniform N/A 1996  Canada replaced old olive green Combat Dress
Improved Landmine Detection System (ILDS) N/A 2000s N/A
Ferret Anti Sniper System 13 2005 MacDonald Dettwiler Corp Richmond, BC  Canada a microphone system mounted on the Coyote APC
QuikClot N/A 2007  United States chemical clotting agent to help clot wounds
hypertonic fluid N/A 2007 Defence Research and Development Canada (DRDC),  Canada concentrated blood clotting agent
Xaver 800 N/A 2007 Camero Incorporated of Vienna, Virginia  United States microwave radar system - uses radio waves and converter to capture images
Medium Floating Bridge (MFB) N/A N/A N/A floating bridge
Medium Girder Bridge (MGB) N/A N/A N/A light modular bridge
Minelab F1A4 N/A N/A N/A hand held mine detector
NODLR N/A N/A N/A night vision camera
Track Way N/A N/A N/A portable road for soft ground conditions
E-One Cyclone N/A N/A N/A fire pumper
Oshkosk N/A N/A N/A airport fire tender
744RBL Multi-Purpose Engineer Vehicle Arva Industries  Canada rapid back hoe loader
AT 3033 Arva Industries  Canada rough/all terrain crane

[edit] Future projects

See also: Future Canadian Forces projects

[edit] Historic and retired equipment

See: List of infantry weapons and equipment of the Canadian military

[edit] Uniforms, load bearing and protective equipment

See also: Battledress, Uniforms of the Canadian Forces

[edit] Meals

Field kitchens and catering are used to feed members of the CF Land Forces personnel at bases and overseas operation centres. For personnel on patrol away from bases, they are supplied Individual Meal Pack.

[edit] Rank structure

Main article: Canadian Forces ranks and insignia

Comparison of ranking structure available at Ranks and insignia of NATO. Not shown are the various appointment badges for specialist positions such as master gunner, drum major, etc. Many ranks are associated with specific appointments; for example a regimental sergeant major is usually a chief warrant officer. The title of master corporal also, technically, refers to an appointment and not a rank. Some ranks may have different names depending on the customary tradition of certain army corps, and may not appear here. Two commonly heard examples are the rank of Sapper, referring to a trained private in the combat engineers, and Trooper, referring to a trained private in the armoured trade. In addition, in the artillery, the ranks Trained Private through Master Corporal are represented by Gunner, Bombadier, and Master Bombadier respectively.

NATO Code OF-10 OF-9 OF-8 OF-7 OF-6 OF-5 OF-4 OF-3 OF-2 OF-1 OF(D) Student Officer
Canada Canada CA-Army-OF9.gif CA-Army-OF8.gif CA-Army-OF7.gif CA-Army-OF6.gif CA-Army-OF5.gif CA-Army-OF4.gif CA-Army-OF3.gif CA-Army-OF2.gif CA-Army-OF1a.gif CA-Army-OF1b.gif CA-Army-OFS.gif
No Equivalent General Lieutenant General Major General Brigadier General Colonel Lieutenant Colonel Major Captain Lieutenant Second Lieutenant No Equivalent Officer Cadet
Général Lieutenant-général Major-général Brigadier-général Colonel Lieutenant-colonel Major Capitaine Lieutenant Sous-lieutenant Eleve-Officier
NATO Code OR-9 OR-8 OR-7 OR-6 OR-5 OR-4 OR-3 OR-2 OR-1
Canada Canada (Edit) Rank CWO.jpg Rank MWO.jpg Rank WO.jpg Rank Sgt.jpg Rank MCpl.jpg Rank Cpl.jpg Rank Pte.jpg No Insignia No Insignia
Chief Warrant Officer
Adjudant-chef		 Master Warrant Officer
Adjudant-maître		 Warrant Officer
Adjudant		 Sergeant
Sergent		 Master Corporal
Caporal-chef		 Corporal
Caporal		 Trained Private
Soldat		 Private Basic Private Recruit

[edit] Battles involving the Canadian Army

The Canadian Army has participated in the following campaigns as a combatant:

[edit] Publications

[edit] See also

[edit] References

  1. ^ "MacKay announces 1,300 new military trucks", Winnipeg Sun, January 9, 2009
  2. ^ http://www.army.gc.ca/land-terre/equipment-equipement/item-eng.asp?product=71
  3. ^ LAV-III out of service
  4. ^ http://www.casr.ca/doc-lav-tua-isc.htm
  5. ^ http://www.ibd-deisenroth-engineering.de/news.html IBD and Eodc Introducing the Evolution Concept for Medium Armored Vehicles
  6. ^ http://www.ibd-deisenroth-engineering.de/leopard-2a4-evolution.html Leopard 2A4 Evolution
  7. ^ http://idr.janes.com/public/adlink/ads/1297078.pdf Comprehensive Protection in Urban Warfare Unprecedented Survivability in Missions
  8. ^ a b c DND backgrounder, Renewing the Canadian Forces' Tank Capability, April 12, 2007
  9. ^ Background—CF Leased & Purchased Leopard 2A6M/2A4 Tanks, at CASR
  10. ^ "Canadian Forces to Receive Additional Force Protection Vehicles > Canada > Military". Force Protection. November 17, 2008. http://www.forceprotection.net/news/news_article.html?id=270. Retrieved November 17, 2008. 
  11. ^ http://www.army.forces.gc.ca/land-terre/equipment-equipement/item-eng.asp?product=62
  12. ^ Canadian Press (August 2009). "Boeing nets $1.2B contract for 15 Chinook choppers". http://www.ctv.ca/servlet/ArticleNews/story/CTVNews/20090810/canada_choppers_090810/20090810?hub=Canada. Retrieved 2009-08-10. 
  13. ^ http://www.defenseindustrydaily.com/on-the-verge-canadas-47b-program-for-mediumheavy-transport-helicopters-02390/#more-2390 On The Verge: Canada’s $4B+ Program for Medium-Heavy Transport Helicopters
  14. ^ http://www.asdwire.com/news_detail/8316/L-3_WESCAM_to_Supply_Boeing_with_MX-15_EO/IR_Imaging_Sensors_for_Canadian_Forces_Helicopter_Program.htm L-3 WESCAM to Supply Boeing with MX-15 EO/IR Imaging Sensors for Canadian Forces Helicopter Program
  15. ^ Christoff, Stefan (January 28, 2009). "Canadian Drones Patrol Afghan Airspace". The Dominion. http://www.dominionpaper.ca/articles/2426. Retrieved 2009-02-10. 

[edit] References

[edit] External links

v • d • e
Flag of Canada Land Force Command Canadian Land Forces Command Badge.svg
Land Force Areas
LFAA · LFQA · LFCA · LFWA
Canadian Mechanized Brigade Groups
Canadian Brigade Groups
31 CBG · 32 CBG · 33 CBG · 34 CBG · 35 CBG · 36 CBG · 37 CBG · 38 CBG · 39 CBG · 41 CBG
Small arms
Crewed weapons
Armoured fighting vehicles
Schools
History of the Canadian Army
Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canadian_Forces_Land_Force_Command"