Canadian Forces Land Force Command

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Land Force Command

History History of the Canadian Army Canadian Corps First Canadian Army Military History of Canada Structure Structure of the Canadian Army Land Force Atlantic Area Land Force Quebec Area Land Force Central Area Land Force Western Area List of Units

Land Force Command (LFC) is responsible for army operations within the Canadian Forces.[[1]]

Reserve infantrymen train in urban operations circa 2004. Reserve training focuses on real world situations and the needs of the Regular Force who rely on the Reserves for augmentation on operational deployments.

LFC maintains regular forces units at bases across Canada and is also responsible for the largest component of the Primary Reserve, the Army Reserve, which is often referred to informally by its historic name, the "militia". The Chief of Land Staff is Lieutenant-General Andrew Leslie.

LFC is the descendant of the Canadian Army which was the name of Canada's land forces from 1940 until February 1, 1968. At the time of unification all army units were placed under Mobile Command (MC), later changed to Force Mobile Command (FMC) in 1975 when tactical air units were assigned to newly-created Air Command. The name was changed from FMC to Land Force Command in a 1997 reorganization of the Canadian Forces.

[edit] History

Main article: History of the Canadian Army

Following unification of the three armed services in 1968, Mobile Command became in effect the "Canadian Army" though the term "army" did not find favour until the 1980s when it became once again unofficially used to refer to Canada's land forces, both Regular and Reserve. The early organization of Mobile Command included tactical ground attack fixed and rotary wing aircraft, in addition to ground forces, and was akin to the integrated warfare approach of the United States Marine Corps. In a 1975 reorganization of the Canadian Forces, Air Command was created and all air assets were reassigned to that organization. Mobile Command was renamed Force Mobile Command and became an exclusive ground force. In 1997, Force Mobile Command was officially redesignated Land Force Command of the Canadian Forces.

[edit] Army bases and training centres

• CFB Edmonton, Alberta (1 CMBG, CTR Wainwright)
• CFB Suffield, Alberta
• CFB-TC Shilo, Manitoba
• LFWA TC Wainwright, Alberta
• CFB Kingston, Ontario
• CFB Borden, Ontario
• CFB Petawawa, Ontario (2 CMBG)
• LFCATC Meaford, Ontario
• CFB Montreal, Quebec
• CFB Valcartier, Quebec (5 CMBG)
• CFB Gagetown, New Brunswick (CTC)
• LFAATC Det Aldershot, Kentville Nova Scotia
• CFB Trenton, Ontario, Canadian Forces Land Advanced Warfare Centre (formerly CPC)
• Four Mile Point Live Firing Range - Niagara-on-the-Lake, Ontario
• Connaught Range and Primary Training Center

[edit] Regiments

See:List of units of the Canadian Army

The badge of Princess Patricia's Canadian Light Infantry.

Canadian infantry and armoured regimental traditions are strongly rooted in the traditions and history of the British Army. Many regiments were patterned after regiments of the British Army, and a system of official "alliances", or affiliations, was created to perpetuate a sense of shared history. Other regiments developed independently, resulting in a mixture of both colourful and historically familiar names. Other traditions such as Battle Honours and Colours have been maintained by Canadian regiments as well. Approximately two thirds of the Regular Force is anglophone units, while one third is francophone.

[edit] Regular Force

See:List of units of the Canadian Army

[edit] Armoured

Regular Force units include:

• The Royal Canadian Dragoons - CFB Petawawa, Ontario
• Lord Strathcona's Horse (Royal Canadians) - CFB Edmonton, Alberta
• 12^e Régiment blindé du Canada - CFB Valcartier and Trois-Rivières, Quebec

[edit] Artillery

Canada's regular field artillery has traditionally been called the Royal Canadian Horse Artillery. Canada currently has four Regular Force regiments:

• 1st Regiment, Royal Canadian Horse Artillery
• 2nd Regiment, Royal Canadian Horse Artillery
• 5^e Régiment d'artillerie légère du Canada
• 4th Air Defence Regiment, Royal Canadian Artillery

[edit] Combat engineers

• 1 Combat Engineer Regiment - CFB Edmonton, Alberta
• 2 Combat Engineer Regiment - CFB Petawawa, Ontario
• 4 Engineer Support Regiment - CFB Gagetown, New Brunswick
• 5^e Régiment du genie de combat) - CFB Valcartier, Quebec

[edit] Infantry

Cap badge of the Royal 22^e Régiment

Regular Force infantry regiments and battalions of the Canadian Army are:

1. The Royal Canadian Regiment
   • 1st Battalion (CFB Petawawa) - Mechanized Infantry
   • 2nd Battalion (CFB Gagetown) - Mechanized Infantry
   • 3rd Battalion (CFB Petawawa) - Light Infantry + Parachute Company
2. Princess Patricia's Canadian Light Infantry
   • 1st Battalion (CFB Edmonton) - Mechanized Infantry
   • 2nd Battalion (CFB Shilo) - Mechanized Infantry
   • 3rd Battalion (CFB Edmonton) - Light Infantry + Parachute Company
3. Royal 22^e Régiment
   • 1^er Bataillon (CFB Valcartier) - Mechanized Infantry
   • 2^e Bataillon (Quebec City) - Mechanized Infantry
   • 3^e Bataillon (CFB Valcartier) - Light Infantry + Parachute Company

Between 1953 and 1971, the regular Canadian infantry consisted of seven regiments, each of two battalions (except the Royal 22^e Régiment, which had three, and the Canadian Airborne Regiment, which was divided into three "commandos"). The three present regular infantry regiments were augmented by three further regiments each of two battalions:

• Canadian Guards
• The Queen's Own Rifles of Canada
• The Black Watch (Royal Highland Regiment) of Canada

After 1971, the regular force battalions of the QOR and the Black Watch were dissolved (their Militia battalions remained in Toronto and Montreal, respectively) with their personnel distributed between the RCR and PPCLI, while the Canadian Guards were disbanded. The Canadian Airborne Regiment was disbanded in 1995.

[edit] Reserve Force

See:List of units of the Canadian Army

[edit] Structure

Main article: Structure of the Canadian Forces Land Force Command

[edit] Equipment

[edit] Vehicles

[2]

Model	Type	Number	Dates	Builder	Details
Volkswagen/Bombardier Iltis	light utility vehicle wheeled	1,900	1985-2004	Volkswagen, Germany	optional M101 trailer unit; replaced by G-Wagen
MILCOTS (Milverado) 2500HD - 2003 Silverado Basic model 861 (GM K25943HD)	light utility vehicle wheeled	1,061	2003-2004	Chevrolet,  United States	replacing the Bombardier Iltis jeeps in non combat use in Canada
G-Wagen 4 × 4	light utility vehicle wheeled	1,159	2004-	Mercedes-Benz, Germany	replaced the Iltis light trucks in Afghanistan
Mamba/Nyala	landmine-resistant 4×4 armoured personnel carrier	75	2006	BAE Systems Land Systems, United Kingdom/South Africa	deployment in Afghanistan
MLVW	medium logistic vehicle, wheeled	2,769	1982	General Motors Corporation/Bombardier, United States/Canada	based on M35/M36 series trucks; procured new trucks to replace them - Oshkosh Truck Corporation MTVR truck
LSVW	light support vehicle, wheeled	2,879	1993-1997	Western Star, Kelowna, British Columbia	based on Iveco model 40.10
HLVW	heavy lift vehicle	1,212	1992	Urban Transportation Development Corporation, Canada	based on Austria's Steyr Percheron truck chassis
ROWPU	reverse-osmosis water purification unit	40	1990s	Zenon Environmental Inc, Canada
Cougar AVGP	6 × 6 armoured vehicle (general purpose)	195	1976	General Dynamics Canada/General Motors Diesel Division, United States	Armoured fire support variant armed with 76-mm gun; being retired from reserve units and replaced with G-Wagon
Grizzly AVGP	armoured personnel carrier	274	1976	General Dynamics Canada/General Motors Diesel Division,  United States/ Canada	Life-extended & relegated to support roles after 2000; 100 loaned to African Union troops in Sudan.
Husky AVGP	armoured recovery	27	1976	General Dynamics Canada/General Motors Diesel Division,  United States/ Canada	5 loaned to African Union troops in Sudan.
Lynx reconnaissance vehicle	armoured reconnaissance	174	1968–1993	FMC  United States	replaced by Coyote Reconnaissance Vehicle
Kodiak	armoured personnel carrier	+100	N/A	Canada
Coyote Reconnaissance Vehicle (8×8)	armoured reconnaissance	203	1996	General Dynamics Canada/General Motors Diesel Division,  United States/ Canada	replaced the Lynx reconnaissance vehicle
Bison (8×8)	armoured personnel carrier	199	1990	General Dynamics Canada/General Motors Diesel Division,  United States/ Canada	TRILS (Tactical Radar Identification and Location System) uses Bison chassis; 74 as Ambulances 60 Mortar vehicles, 35 Recovery vehicles, 16 Mobile Repair Team vehicles, 14 Electronic Warfare vehicles (AERIES)
M113A3/MTVL	tracked armoured personnel carrier	1,143	1960s-1991; 2001-2006	FMC,  United States	289 of original 1,143 M113's delivered mid-1960s to early 1990s upgraded to A3/MTVL; remainder declared surplus; used Taurus ARV tank tow vehicle
LAV III	8 × 8 light armoured vehicle	651	1999	General Motors Diesel Division,  Canada	313 LAV Infantry Section Carriers, 181 LAV Command Post variants, 33 LAV TOW Under Armour (TUA) variants (Turret equipped with 2 TOW launchers), 47 LAV Forward Observation Officer (FOO) variants, 44 LAV Engineer variants, 33 Multi-Mission Effects Vehicle (MMEV)
ADATS	air-defence, antitank system	34	1989	Rheinmetall Defence (formerly Oerlikon Contraves),  Canada	on M113 Armored Personnel Carrier platform
Leopard C2	main battle tank	66	1978–	Krauss-Maffei/ Rheinmetall Defence,  Germany	114 Leopard C1 tanks were upgraded to Leopard C2 in 2000–2001; deployment in Afghanistan
Leopard 2A6M	main battle tank	20 (40)	2007–	Krauss-Maffei/ Rheinmetall Defence,  Germany	A squadron of 20 Leopard 2A6M tanks "for deployed operations" were borrowed from the German Bundeswehr for use in Afghanistan for interim use (starting August 2007)[1] until they are replaced by 40 to be purchased from the Netherlands.[2]
Leopard 2A4	main battle tank	100	2007–	Krauss-Maffei/ Rheinmetall Defence,  Germany	100 Leopard 2A4 tanks "for collective and individual training" are planned to be purchased from the Netherlands in the summer of 2007.[2]
ARV 3 M Buffalo "Büffel"	key support vehicles	2 (20)	2007–	Rheinmetall Defence,  Germany	2 Leopard 2-based ARVs were borrowed from Germany and delivered to Afghanistan in August 2007. 20 Leopard 2 support variants (armoured recovery vehicles, armoured bridge-laying vehicles and armoured engineering vehicles) are planned to be purchased from the Netherlands in the summer of 2007.[2]
AEV Badger "Dachs"	armoured engineering vehicle	9	1990	Rheinmetall Defence (formerly MAK),  Germany	uses Leopard 1 chassis; armed with 7.62-mm machine gun (coax) C6 – 7.62-mm machine gun (external mount) 76-mm grenade launcher
AVLB Beaver "Biber"	armoured bridge-laying vehicle	9	1978–	Rheinmetall Defence (formerly MAK),  Germany	uses Leopard 1 chassis
ARV Taurus	armoured recovery vehicle	16	1978-	Rheinmetall Defence (formerly MAK),  Germany	uses Leopard 1 chassis
M109	self-propelled howitzer	76	1960s-1980s	United Defense Limited Partnership,  United States	Retired mid-2000s -
Bv206	tracked vehicle	78	1983	BAE Systems Hägglunds - Haaglunds, Sweden
CH-146 Griffon	tactical utility helicopter	100	1995-1997	Bell Helicopter Textron, Uni United States/ Canada
M151A2	light truck	935	1974-1975	A.M. General Corp,  United States	replaced by the Volkswagen Iltis truck in 1984
KMK 2025	crane	N/A	N/A	Krupp,  Germany
Solar 220LC-III	Track Excavator	N/A	N/A	Daewoo,  South Korea
TRILS	Tactical Radar Identification and Location System	4	1997	General Dynamics Canada/General Motors Diesel Division,  United States/ Canada	based on Bison (8×8)
M109A4	Self Propelled Howitzer	76	N/A	Bowen McLaughlin-York,  United States	all retired
Galion 850 series	Road grader	N/A	N/A	Galion, Ohio,  United States
JSFU	Mine clearing system	1?	2000	Aardvark, United Kingdom  United Kingdom	deployment in Afghanistan
M-Gator ATV	transport and support	N/A	N/A	Deere & Company,  United States	deployment in Afghanistan
Cougar (vehicle) H	armoured fighting vehicle	6	2007-	Force Protection Inc, United States	deployment in Afghanistan
Buffalo (mine protected vehicle) H	mine removal system	5	2007-	Force Protection Inc,  United States/	deployment in Afghanistan
Husky	mine removal system	5	2007-	DCD Dorbyl,	deployment in Afghanistan; 1 damaged by mine
Actros Armoured Heavy Support Vehicle Systems (AHSVS)	8 x8 armoured heavy support vehicle	86; option for additional 26	on order	Mercedes-Benz,  Germany	deployment in Afghanistan 2008

[edit] Weapons

Main article: List of infantry weapons and equipment of the Canadian military

Model/Type	Number	Dates	Manufacturer	Details
C9 machine-gun	N/A	N/A	FN MINIMI,  Belgium
C7A1 rifle/C8A1 carbine/C-7A2 rifle	N/A	N/A	Diemaco/Colt Canada,  Canada
C6 machine-gun	N/A	N/A	FN MAG,  Belgium
Browning .50 calibre heavy machine-gun	N/A	N/A	John M. Browning,  United States
Browning-HP 9 mm pistol	N/A	1944	John M. Browning, Template:Canadian made in WW2
Long Range Sniper Weapon (LRSW)	N/A	2000	McMillan Brothers,  Canada
C3A1 sniper rifle	N/A	N/A	Parker Hale,  United Kingdom	being phased out and replaced with the C14 sniper rifle
C14 Timberwolf .338 Lapua sniper rifle	N/A	2005	PGW Defence Technologies Inc.,  Canada	Just entering service as the standard sniper rifle of the Canadian Forces
C13 fragmentation grenade	N/A	N/A	United States
M203A1 grenade launcher	N/A	N/A	United States
TOW anti-tank missile	N/A	N/A	United States
M3 Carl Gustav 84mm SRAAW(M) anti-armour platoon gun	N/A	N/A	Bofors,
M72 anti-tank weapon	N/A	N/A	Nammo,
81 mm mortar	N/A	N/A	United Kingdom
60 mm mortar	N/A	N/A	United States
ERYX short-range anti-armour weapon (heavy)	435	1994	MBDA,  France
Javelin short-range air defence missile	110	N/A	United Kingdom
LG1 Mark II 105 mm towed howitzer	28	1997	Giat Industries,  France
M777 lightweight 155mm howitzer	6	2008	British Vickers,  United Kingdom
XM982 Excalibur 155mm guided artillery shell	N/A	2008	Raytheon/BAE Systems Bofors,  United States
Skyguard / 35 mm twin-gun low-level air defence	20	1950-1970	Oerlikon,  Germany
C1 close support howitzer	N/A	N/A	United States
C3 close support howitzer	N/A	N/A	United States
P225, 226 pistol	N/A	N/A	SIGARMS,
Remington 870 shotgun c. 1950	N/A	N/A	Remington Arms,  United States

[edit] Other equipment

Model/Type	Number	Dates	Manufacturer	Details
CG634 Helmet	N/A	1997	CGF Gallet,  Canada	replaced M1 Helmet
CADPAT (Canadian Disruptive Pattern) - Arid Regions uniform	N/A	2002	Canada
CADPAT (Canadian Disruptive Pattern) - Temperate Woodland uniform	N/A	2002	Canada
Improved Landmine Detection System (ILDS)	N/A	2000s	N/A
Ferret Anti Sniper System	13	2005	MacDonald Dettwiler Corp Richmond, BC  Canada	a microphone system mounted on the Coyote APC
QuikClot	N/A	2007	United States	chemical clotting agent to help clot wounds
hypertonic fluid	N/A	2007	Defence Research and Development Canada (DRDC),  Canada	concentrated blood clotting agent
Xaver 800	N/A	2007	Camero Incorporated of Vienna, Virigina  United States	microwave radar system - uses radio waves and converter to capture images
Medium Floating Bridge (MFB)	N/A	N/A	N/A	floating bridge
Medium Girder Bridge {MGB}	N/A	N/A	N/A	light modular bridge
Minelab F1A4	N/A	N/A	N/A	hand held mine detector
NODLR	N/A	N/A	N/A	night vision camera
Track Way	N/A	N/A	N/A	portable road for soft ground conditions
E-One Cyclone	N/A	N/A	N/A	fire pumper
Oshkosk	N/A	N/A	N/A	airport fire tender

[edit] Historic equipment (World War II)

[edit] Trucks

Model/Type	Period or Years in Use	Manufacturer/Origins
Willys Jeep		United States
Morris C8		United Kingdom
AEC Matador		United Kingdom
Diamond T	4-Ton lorry	United States
Ford F-8		Ford Motor Company of Canada  Canada
Ford F-15		Ford Motor Company of Canada  Canada
Ford F-30		Ford Motor Company of Canada  Canada
Ford F-60S, F-60L, F-60H, F-60T		Ford Motor Company of Canada  Canada
Ford F-GT		Ford Motor Company of Canada  Canada
General Motors Canada (CHEVROLET) C-8, C-8A		General Motors of Canada  Canada
General Motors Canada (CHEVROLET) C-15, C-15A		General Motors of Canada  Canada
General Motors Canada (CHEVROLET) C15TA Armoured Truck		General Motors of Canada  Canada
General Motors Canada (CHEVROLET) C-30, C-60S, C-60L, C-60X		General Motors of Canada  Canada
General Motors Canada (CHEVROLET) C-GT		General Motors of Canada  Canada
General Motors Canada (CHEVROLET)	Field Artillery Tractor	General Motors of Canada  Canada
Daimler Dingo		Daimler Motor Company  United Kingdom
Daimler Mk. I Armoured Car		Daimler Motor Company  United Kingdom
Humber Mk. I Scout Car		Humber  United Kingdom
Humber Mk. IV Armoured Car		Humber  United Kingdom
M3 Scout Car		White Motor Company  United States
Otter Light Reconnaissance Car		General Motors Canada  Canada
Staghound Armoured Car		General Motors Canada  United States
Fox Armoured Car		Ford Motor Company of Canada  Canada
Otter Light Reconnaissance Car		General Motors of Canada  Canada
Lynx Scout Car		Daimler Motor Company Template:UK/CAN
M5 Reconnaissance Vehicle		(A turretless variant of the M5 light tank)  United States

[edit] Armoured carriers and armoured tractors

Model/Type	Period or Years in Use	Manufacturer/Origins
Kangaroo (armoured personnel carrier)		Vickers or White Motor Company  United States/ United Kingdom/ Canada
M7 Priest Kangaroo (Converted from M7 Priest SP howitzer)		Rock Island Arsenal, Detroit Tank Arsenal, American Locomotive Company  United States
Ram Kangaroo (Converted from Ram I and II tanks)		Montreal Locomotive Works and American Locomotive Company  Canada/ United States
Sherman Kangaroo (Converted from Sherman tanks)		Wright Corporation  United States (Designer)
Loyd Carrier		Carden-Loyd Tractors Limited and Vickers-Armstron  United Kingdom
Universal Carrier		Vickers  United Kingdom
Wasp - A Universal Carrier with flame-thrower equipment		Vickers  United Kingdom
T-16 Carrier		Vickers  United Kingdom
Windsor Carrier		Vickers  United Kingdom
M3A1 Half-track		Rock Island Arsenal, Detroit Tank Arsenal, American Locomotive Company  United States  United States
Truck,15-cwt, Half-track		International Harvester  United States
M5 Half-track		International Harvester  United States
M9A1 Half-track		International Harvester  United States
M14 Half-track		International Harvester United States

[edit] Tanks

Model/Type	Period or Years in Use	Manufacturer/Origins
Stuart tank		Wright Corporation  United States
Churchill infantry tank MkI-IV		Harlan-Wolff  United Kingdom
Churchill Oke flame tank
Sherman Tank		United Kingdom/ United States Wright Corporation  United States
Grizzly (Canadian built M4A1)		Canada
Sherman III (M4A2 with a 75 mm gun)		Wright Corporation  United States
Sherman V (M4A4 with a 75 mm gun)		Wright Corporation  United States
Sherman Ib (M4 with a 105 mm howitzer)		Wright Corporation  United States
Sherman IC (Firefly) (M4 with a 17 pounder gun)		Wright Corporation  United States
Sherman VC (Firefly) (M4A4 with a 17 pounder gun)		Wright Corporation  United States
Sherman V Duplex Drive tank (M4A4 {75mm} with Duplex Drive system and flotation screen)		Wright Corporation  United States
Sherman Badger flame tank		Wright Corporation  United States
Ram Badger flame tank	Early WW2	United States
M10 Wolverine tank destroyer	WW2	United States
Achilles tank destroyers (M10 equipped with a 17 pounder gun)	WW2
Archer Tank Destroyer	WW2, Suez Crisis	United States

[edit] Training tanks

Model/Type	Period or Years in Use	Manufacturer/Origins
Carden Loyd Mk IV tankette		United Kingdom
Light Tank Mk VIA		United Kingdom
Six Ton Tank Model 1917		France
Ram tank I and II		Canada
Vickers Valentine Mark VI		United Kingdom
Matilda II infantry tank		United Kingdom
Lee/Grant		United States

[edit] Self-propelled artillery

Model/Type	Period or Years in Use	Manufacturer/Origins
M3 75mm Gun Motor Carriage (M3 Half-track equipped with the M1A1 75 mm gun)		United States
Sexton		Canada
M7 Priest		United States
Centaur IV		United Kingdom
Centaur, AA Mk II		United Kingdom
Skink anti-aircraft tank		Canada

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