Canoeing and kayaking at the Summer Olympics
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| Canoeing and kayaking at the Summer Olympics | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Governing body | ICF | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Events | 16 (men: 11; women: 5) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Games | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Medalists (men • women) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Canoeing and kayaking has been featured as a competition sport in the Summer Olympic Games since the 1936 Games in Berlin although it was a demonstration sport at the 1924 Games in Paris.[1] There are two disciplines of canoeing in Olympic competition: slalom and sprint.
Two styles of boats are used in this sport, canoes with 1 or 2 canoers and kayaks with 1, 2 or 4 kayakers. This leads to the name designation of each event. For example, "C-1" is a canoe singles event and "K-2" is a kayak doubles event. Races are usually 500 metres or 1000 metres long, although there were also 10 km events from 1936 to 1956. On 13 August 2009, it was announced by the International Canoe Federation that the men's 500 m events would be replaced at the 2012 Summer Olympics by 200 m events with one of them being K-1 200 m for the women. The other events for men at 200 m will be C-1, C-2, and K-1.[2] This was confirmed at their 2009 Board of Directors meeting in Windsor, Berkshire, Great Britain on 5 December 2009.[3]
Contents |
[edit] Events
The following tables shows which events were contested at each Games.
[edit] Slalom
| Event | 72 | 76 | 80 | 84 | 88 | 92 | 96 | 00 | 04 | 08 | 12 | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Men's C-1 | • | • | • | • | • | • | • | 7 | ||||
| Men's C-2 | • | • | • | • | • | • | • | 7 | ||||
| Men's K-1 | • | • | • | • | • | • | • | 7 | ||||
| Women's K-1 | • | • | • | • | • | • | • | 7 | ||||
| Total Events | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 |
[edit] Sprint
| Event | 36 | 48 | 52 | 56 | 60 | 64 | 68 | 72 | 76 | 80 | 84 | 88 | 92 | 96 | 00 | 04 | 08 | 12 | Total | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Current program | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Men's C-1 200 m | • | 1 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Men's C-1 1000 m | • | • | • | • | • | • | • | • | • | • | • | • | • | • | • | • | • | • | 18 | ||||||||
| Men's C-2 1000 m | • | • | • | • | • | • | • | • | • | • | • | • | • | • | • | • | • | • | 18 | ||||||||
| Men's K-1 200 m | • | 1 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Men's K-1 1000 m | • | • | • | • | • | • | • | • | • | • | • | • | • | • | • | • | • | • | 18 | ||||||||
| Men's K-2 200 m | • | 1 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Men's K-2 1000 m | • | • | • | • | • | • | • | • | • | • | • | • | • | • | • | • | • | • | 18 | ||||||||
| Men's K-4 1000 m | • | • | • | • | • | • | • | • | • | • | • | • | • | 13 | |||||||||||||
| Women's K-1 200 m | • | 1 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Women's K-1 500 m | • | • | • | • | • | • | • | • | • | • | • | • | • | • | • | • | • | 17 | |||||||||
| Women's K-2 500 m | • | • | • | • | • | • | • | • | • | • | • | • | • | • | 14 | ||||||||||||
| Women's K-4 500 m | • | • | • | • | • | • | • | • | 8 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Past events | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Men's C-1 500 m | • | • | • | • | • | • | • | • | • | 9 | |||||||||||||||||
| Men's C-1 10000 m | • | • | • | 3 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Men's C-2 500 m | • | • | • | • | • | • | • | • | • | 9 | |||||||||||||||||
| Men's C-2 10000 m | • | • | • | • | 4 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Men's K-1 500 m | • | • | • | • | • | • | • | • | • | 9 | |||||||||||||||||
| Men's K-1 10000 m | • | • | • | • | 4 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Men's K-1 4 × 500 m | • | 1 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Men's K-2 500 m | • | • | • | • | • | • | • | • | • | 9 | |||||||||||||||||
| Men's K-2 10000 m | • | • | • | • | 4 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Men's folding K-1 10000 m | • | 1 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Men's folding K-2 10000 m | • | 1 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total Events | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 11 | 11 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | |||||||||
[edit] Medal table
| Rank | Nation | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 |  Soviet Union (URS) |
29 | 13 | 9 | 51 |
| 2 |  Germany (GER) |
25 | 14 | 16 | 55 |
| 3 |  Hungary (HUN) |
19 | 27 | 25 | 71 |
| 4 |  Sweden (SWE) |
15 | 11 | 4 | 30 |
| 5 |  East Germany (GDR) |
14 | 7 | 9 | 30 |
| 6 |  Romania (ROU) |
10 | 10 | 14 | 34 |
| 7 |  Slovakia (SVK) |
7 | 4 | 2 | 13 |
| 8 |  Czechoslovakia (TCH) |
7 | 4 | 1 | 12 |
| 9 |  France (FRA) |
5 | 8 | 18 | 31 |
| 10 |  Italy (ITA) |
5 | 6 | 4 | 15 |
| 11 |  United States (USA) |
5 | 5 | 6 | 16 |
| 12 |  Norway (NOR) |
5 | 4 | 4 | 13 |
| 13 |  Finland (FIN) |
5 | 2 | 3 | 10 |
| 14 |  New Zealand (NZL) |
5 | 2 | 1 | 8 |
| 15 |  Canada (CAN) |
4 | 9 | 8 | 21 |
| 16 |  Bulgaria (BUL) |
4 | 5 | 8 | 17 |
| 17 |  Germany (EUA) |
4 | 5 | 2 | 11 |
| 18 |  Czech Republic (CZE) |
4 | 3 | 2 | 9 |
| 19 |  Austria (AUT) |
3 | 5 | 6 | 14 |
| 20 |  Denmark (DEN) |
3 | 5 | 5 | 13 |
| 21 |  Australia (AUS) |
2 | 7 | 11 | 20 |
| 22 | West Germany (FRG) |
2 | 6 | 3 | 11 |
| 23 |  Spain (ESP) |
2 | 5 | 2 | 9 |
| 24 |  Yugoslavia (YUG) |
2 | 2 | 1 | 5 |
| 25 |  Belarus (BLR) |
2 | 0 | 2 | 4 |
| 26 |  China (CHN) |
2 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
| 27 |  Great Britain (GBR) |
1 | 4 | 4 | 9 |
| 28 |  Russia (RUS) |
1 | 3 | 4 | 8 |
| 29 |  Unified Team (EUN) |
1 | 1 | 0 | 2 |
| 30 |  Ukraine (UKR) |
1 | 0 | 2 | 3 |
| 31 |  Poland (POL) |
0 | 6 | 11 | 17 |
| 32 |  Netherlands (NED) |
0 | 3 | 5 | 8 |
| 33 |  Cuba (CUB) |
0 | 3 | 0 | 3 |
| 34 |  Latvia (LAT) |
0 | 2 | 0 | 2 |
| 35 |  Moldova (MDA) |
0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| 35 |  Slovenia (SLO) |
0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| 35 |  Switzerland (SUI) |
0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| 38 |  Israel (ISR) |
0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| 38 |  Togo (TOG) |
0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| Total | 194 | 194 | 194 | 582 | |
[edit] Nations
| Nation | 36 | 48 | 52 | 56 | 60 | 64 | 68 | 72 | 76 | 80 | 84 | 88 | 92 | 96 | 00 | 04 | 08 | Years | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 Andorra (AND) |
– | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 1 | 1 | ||||||||||
 Angola (ANG) |
– | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 1 | 1 | ||||||||
 Antigua and Barbuda (ANT) |
– | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 3 | 1 | |||||||||
 Argentina (ARG) |
– | 1 | 8 | 5 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 7 | |||||||||||
| Australia (AUS) |
8 | 7 | 10 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 5 | 9 | 8 | 17 | 23 | 21 | 16 | 16 | 14 | |||||
| Austria (AUT) |
9 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 10 | 5 | 4 | 12 | 2 | 6 | 2 | 4 | 3 | 4 | 2 | 4 | 16 | |||
 Armenia (ARM) |
– | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 1 | 1 | |||||
| Belarus (BLR) |
– | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 4 | 5 | 9 | 8 | 4 | ||
 Belgium (BEL) |
9 | 9 | 4 | 2 | 4 | 2 | 3 | 8 | 11 | 6 | 5 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 17 | ||
 Bolivia (BOL) |
– | – | – | – | 1 | 1 | – | 2 | ||||||||||||
 Bosnia and Herzegovina (BIH) |
– | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 | ||||
 Brazil (BRA) |
6 | 3 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 5 | ||||||||||||||
| Bulgaria (BUL) |
– | 5 | 2 | 3 | 7 | 12 | 12 | – | 12 | 11 | 11 | 7 | 7 | 2 | 12 | |||||
| Canada (CAN) |
8 | 7 | 11 | 9 | 6 | 6 | 10 | 12 | 14 | – | 15 | 14 | 18 | 21 | 16 | 19 | 21 | 16 | ||
 Chile (CHI) |
– | 1 | 1 | 2 | ||||||||||||||||
| China (CHN) |
– | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 4 | 4 | 4 | 8 | 15 | 23 | 6 | ||||
 Costa Rica (CRC) |
– | – | – | – | 4 | 2 | 2 | |||||||||||||
 Côte d'Ivoire (CIV) |
– | – | – | – | – | 3 | 5 | – | 4 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 7 | ||||||
 Croatia (CRO) |
– | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 4 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 5 | ||
| Cuba (CUB) |
– | 2 | 3 | – | – | 5 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 6 | ||||||||||
| Czech Republic (CZE) |
– | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 25 | 19 | 10 | 7 | 4 | ||
| Czechoslovakia (TCH) |
13 | 13 | 13 | 5 | 10 | 4 | 5 | 23 | 11 | 9 | – | 9 | 27 | – | – | – | – | 12 | ||
| Denmark (DEN) |
4 | 7 | 9 | 7 | 9 | 7 | 5 | 6 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 6 | 6 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 4 | 17 | ||
| East Germany (GDR) |
– | – | – | – | – | – | 12 | 26 | 11 | 13 | – | 15 | – | – | – | – | – | 5 | ||
 Estonia (EST) |
– | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 | |||||
| Finland (FIN) |
3 | 5 | 9 | 6 | 9 | 3 | 5 | 4 | 7 | 4 | 5 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 4 | 17 | ||
| France (FRA) |
3 | 10 | 13 | 6 | 9 | 2 | 6 | 14 | 13 | 11 | 14 | 16 | 31 | 19 | 14 | 13 | 15 | 17 | ||
| Germany (GER) |
14 | – | 10 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 29 | 27 | 25 | 26 | 22 | 7 | ||
| Great Britain (GBR) |
3 | 7 | 7 | 3 | 7 | 5 | 10 | 20 | 11 | 11 | 15 | 17 | 25 | 17 | 12 | 9 | 7 | 17 | ||
 Greece (GRE) |
1 | 6 | 3 | 3 | ||||||||||||||||
 Guam (GUM) |
– | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 1 | 1 | ||||||||
 Guatemala (GUA) |
– | – | – | – | – | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
 Hong Kong (HKG) |
– | – | 6 | – | 7 | 2 | 2 | 4 | ||||||||||||
| Hungary (HUN) |
5 | 5 | 12 | 13 | 9 | 10 | 10 | 12 | 14 | 16 | – | 16 | 14 | 19 | 15 | 16 | 16 | 16 | ||
| Independent Olympic Participants (IOP) |
– | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 5 | – | – | – | – | 1 | ||
 Indonesia (INA) |
– | – | – | – | 3 | 1 | 2 | |||||||||||||
 Iran (IRI) |
– | – | 1 | 1 | ||||||||||||||||
 Ireland (IRL) |
– | 4 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 10 | ||||||||
| Israel (ISR) |
– | – | 1 | 1 | 5 | 3 | 1 | 5 | ||||||||||||
| Italy (ITA) |
1 | 6 | 12 | 4 | 2 | 10 | 11 | 5 | 7 | 5 | 18 | 15 | 8 | 8 | 16 | 15 | ||||
 Japan (JPN) |
– | 12 | 2 | 5 | 3 | – | 5 | 8 | 6 | 8 | 2 | 5 | 9 | 11 | ||||||
 Kazakhstan (KAZ) |
– | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 8 | 4 | 3 | 7 | 4 | ||
 Kyrgyzstan (KGZ) |
– | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 2 | 1 | |||||
| Latvia (LAT) |
– | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 3 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 5 | |||
 Lithuania (LTU) |
– | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 1 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 5 | ||
 Luxembourg (LUX) |
3 | 3 | 4 | 3 | 4 | |||||||||||||||
 Macedonia (MKD) |
– | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 4 | |||
 Malaysia (MAS) |
– | – | – | – | – | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
 Mexico (MEX) |
12 | 7 | 4 | 2 | 4 | 6 | 2 | 3 | 8 | |||||||||||
| Moldova (MDA) |
– | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 4 | 1 | |||||
 Morocco (MAR) |
– | – | – | – | – | – | 1 | 1 | ||||||||||||
 Myanmar (MYA) |
– | – | 1 | 1 | ||||||||||||||||
| Netherlands (NED) |
9 | 7 | 5 | 4 | 5 | 7 | 2 | 2 | 6 | 3 | 2 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 15 | ||||
| New Zealand (NZL) |
2 | 4 | 3 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 1 | 2 | 5 | 9 | ||||||||||
| Norway (NOR) |
1 | 4 | 4 | 1 | 2 | 5 | 6 | 7 | – | 13 | 7 | 7 | 5 | 4 | 6 | 1 | 15 | |||
 Panama (PAN) |
– | – | – | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||||
 Peru (PER) |
– | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||||||
| Poland (POL) |
2 | 3 | 4 | 6 | 9 | 8 | 23 | 13 | 15 | – | 12 | 18 | 23 | 21 | 23 | 21 | 15 | |||
 Portugal (POR) |
3 | 7 | 6 | 1 | 1 | 4 | 6 | |||||||||||||
| Romania (ROU) |
– | 1 | 5 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 13 | 14 | 14 | 5 | 14 | 14 | 13 | 10 | 5 | 15 | |||
| Russia (RUS) |
– | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 14 | 12 | 8 | 14 | 4 | ||
 Saar (SAA) |
– | – | 3 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 1 | ||
 Samoa (SAM) |
– | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 1 | 1 | ||||||||
 São Tomé and Príncipe (STP) |
– | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 1 | 1 | |||||
 Senegal (SEN) |
– | – | – | – | – | 2 | 1 | |||||||||||||
 Serbia and Montenegro (SCG) |
– | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 1 | 6 | 2 | – | 3 | ||
 Seychelles (SEY) |
– | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 1 | 1 | 2 | |||||||
| Slovakia (SVK) |
– | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 17 | 19 | 16 | 12 | 4 | ||
| Slovenia (SLO) |
– | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 6 | 5 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 5 | ||
 South Africa (RSA) |
– | – | – | – | – | – | – | 11 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 10 | 5 | |||||||
 South Korea (KOR) |
– | 2 | 15 | 6 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 6 | ||||||||||||
| Soviet Union (URS) |
– | – | 13 | 9 | 12 | 13 | 11 | 15 | 15 | 15 | – | 17 | – | – | – | – | – | 9 | ||
| Spain (ESP) |
– | 2 | 5 | 4 | 7 | 5 | 10 | 11 | 22 | 19 | 17 | 14 | 10 | 12 | ||||||
| Sweden (SWE) |
9 | 9 | 10 | 6 | 6 | 7 | 11 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 11 | 11 | 13 | 12 | 10 | 5 | 3 | 17 | ||
| Switzerland (SUI) |
9 | 6 | 7 | 4 | 6 | 3 | 4 | 1 | 6 | 8 | 3 | 4 | 1 | 13 | ||||||
| Togo (TOG) |
– | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 1 | 1 | 2 | ||||||||
| Ukraine (UKR) |
– | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 13 | 11 | 7 | 6 | 4 | ||
| Unified Team of Germany (EUA) |
– | – | – | 10 | 10 | 12 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 5 | ||
| Unified Team (EUN) |
– | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 19 | – | – | – | – | 1 | ||
| United States (USA) |
10 | 8 | 9 | 12 | 13 | 11 | 12 | 26 | 16 | – | 16 | 16 | 32 | 25 | 14 | 17 | 7 | 16 | ||
 Uruguay (URU) |
– | 1 | 1 | 2 | ||||||||||||||||
 Uzbekistan (UZB) |
– | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 17 | 1 | 7 | 1 | 4 | ||
 Venezuela (VEN) |
– | 3 | 1 | |||||||||||||||||
 Vietnam (VIE) |
– | – | – | – | 1 | 1 | ||||||||||||||
| West Germany (FRG) |
– | – | – | – | – | – | 13 | 28 | 13 | – | 15 | 14 | – | – | – | – | – | 5 | ||
| Yugoslavia (YUG) |
4 | 1 | 3 | 4 | 2 | 13 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 3 | – | – | – | – | – | 10 | ||||
| No. of nations | 85 | |||||||||||||||||||
| No. of athletes | 2814 | |||||||||||||||||||
[edit] See also
[edit] References
- ^ Olympic sprint events
- ^ 13 August 2009 International Canoe Federation announcement of canoe sprint format changes for the 2012 Summer Olympics. - accessed 14 August 2009.
- ^ "The Board of Directors Wrap Up in Windsor." - International Canoe Federation (5 December 2009) - accessed 18 December 2009.
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